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2025 Volume 40 Issue 10
2025, 40(10): 1-9
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412029
Abstract:
Science-education integration is a driving force for the high-quality development of science education, playing a vital role in constructing the national innovation system, advancing emerging productivity, and nurturing talent for scientific and technological innovation. As a cornerstone course for chemical engineering majors, chemical engineering thermodynamics provides a solid theoretical foundation for process design and practical operations. However, its complexity presents challenges for students in terms of deep understanding and flexible application. To address the traditional challenges of abstract theoretical presentations, the disconnect between theory and practice, and limited teaching interaction, this paper innovatively incorporates the concept of science-education integration into chemical engineering thermodynamics teaching. Using the in-depth thermodynamic analysis of the green oxidation of cyclopentene to glutaric acid via petal-like mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15-based Co/Mo bimetallic organic framework materials as a case study, this approach integrates two core areas of chemical engineering thermodynamics (chemical property data estimation and chemical reaction equilibrium) with cutting-edge research. The goal is to address the challenges inherent in traditional teaching methods while simultaneously cultivating chemical engineering professionals and fostering scientific and technological innovation talent with both an innovative spirit and practical abilities.
Science-education integration is a driving force for the high-quality development of science education, playing a vital role in constructing the national innovation system, advancing emerging productivity, and nurturing talent for scientific and technological innovation. As a cornerstone course for chemical engineering majors, chemical engineering thermodynamics provides a solid theoretical foundation for process design and practical operations. However, its complexity presents challenges for students in terms of deep understanding and flexible application. To address the traditional challenges of abstract theoretical presentations, the disconnect between theory and practice, and limited teaching interaction, this paper innovatively incorporates the concept of science-education integration into chemical engineering thermodynamics teaching. Using the in-depth thermodynamic analysis of the green oxidation of cyclopentene to glutaric acid via petal-like mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15-based Co/Mo bimetallic organic framework materials as a case study, this approach integrates two core areas of chemical engineering thermodynamics (chemical property data estimation and chemical reaction equilibrium) with cutting-edge research. The goal is to address the challenges inherent in traditional teaching methods while simultaneously cultivating chemical engineering professionals and fostering scientific and technological innovation talent with both an innovative spirit and practical abilities.
2025, 40(10): 10-16
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411019
Abstract:
Traditional experimental courses typically emphasize theoretical explanations and principle analysis, often neglecting the development of students’ practical abilities and innovative thinking. This oversight can lead to diminished student interest and engagement in learning. This article examines the necessity for reform in the Physical Chemistry Experiment course at Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. It analyzes the limitations of the traditional teaching model and proposes a range of diversified reform measures. By emphasizing the integration of theory and practice, this study aims to enhance students’ innovative thinking and practical skills.
Traditional experimental courses typically emphasize theoretical explanations and principle analysis, often neglecting the development of students’ practical abilities and innovative thinking. This oversight can lead to diminished student interest and engagement in learning. This article examines the necessity for reform in the Physical Chemistry Experiment course at Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. It analyzes the limitations of the traditional teaching model and proposes a range of diversified reform measures. By emphasizing the integration of theory and practice, this study aims to enhance students’ innovative thinking and practical skills.
2025, 40(10): 17-22
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411072
Abstract:
Analytical chemistry serves as a fundamental compulsory course for chemistry majors, providing essential groundwork for students’ subsequent academic studies and professional practice. Real-world problems, derived from actual societal scenarios, are incorporated into teaching to create authentic learning contexts that bridge theoretical knowledge with practical applications. This study demonstrates the implementation of a real-world problem-oriented teaching approach through three representative topics: error analysis, acid-base titration reactions, and redox reactions. The proposed pedagogical model not only equips students with solid theoretical foundations and cultivates rigorous scientific thinking, but also enhances their capacity to address practical challenges in future scientific research and industrial applications.
Analytical chemistry serves as a fundamental compulsory course for chemistry majors, providing essential groundwork for students’ subsequent academic studies and professional practice. Real-world problems, derived from actual societal scenarios, are incorporated into teaching to create authentic learning contexts that bridge theoretical knowledge with practical applications. This study demonstrates the implementation of a real-world problem-oriented teaching approach through three representative topics: error analysis, acid-base titration reactions, and redox reactions. The proposed pedagogical model not only equips students with solid theoretical foundations and cultivates rigorous scientific thinking, but also enhances their capacity to address practical challenges in future scientific research and industrial applications.
2025, 40(10): 23-32
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411073
Abstract:
Using the Analytical Chemistry course as a case study, this paper investigates the construction of knowledge graph-based teaching resources and explores practical approaches for intelligent teaching implementation. The study demonstrates that knowledge graphs enable personalized learning pathways and tailored resource recommendations by analyzing student learning data, thereby enhancing self-directed learning capabilities. Furthermore, real-time feedback mechanisms facilitate targeted instructor interventions and content optimization. The visual representation of knowledge graphs improves knowledge integration and instructional design, enabling data-driven adaptive learning and offering innovative perspectives for educational reform.
Using the Analytical Chemistry course as a case study, this paper investigates the construction of knowledge graph-based teaching resources and explores practical approaches for intelligent teaching implementation. The study demonstrates that knowledge graphs enable personalized learning pathways and tailored resource recommendations by analyzing student learning data, thereby enhancing self-directed learning capabilities. Furthermore, real-time feedback mechanisms facilitate targeted instructor interventions and content optimization. The visual representation of knowledge graphs improves knowledge integration and instructional design, enabling data-driven adaptive learning and offering innovative perspectives for educational reform.
2025, 40(10): 33-38
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411074
Abstract:
The development of a new generation of agricultural and forestry professionals serves as the human resource foundation for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. As a fundamental course in agricultural and forestry institutions, Basic Chemistry Laboratory possesses distinctive features including broad student participation and abundant ideological-political elements, making it a crucial platform for constructing a comprehensive curriculum-based ideological and political education system. In recent years, the Basic Chemistry Laboratory teaching team at Shandong Agricultural University’s College of Chemistry and Materials Science has established a diversified, omnidirectional “online-offline” ideological and political education system. This initiative, grounded in the fundamental principle of moral education and the course orientation of “strengthening foundations and fostering innovation”, leverages emerging information technologies. The course development provides valuable reference experience for ideological and political construction in laboratory courses at agricultural and forestry universities.
The development of a new generation of agricultural and forestry professionals serves as the human resource foundation for promoting comprehensive rural revitalization. As a fundamental course in agricultural and forestry institutions, Basic Chemistry Laboratory possesses distinctive features including broad student participation and abundant ideological-political elements, making it a crucial platform for constructing a comprehensive curriculum-based ideological and political education system. In recent years, the Basic Chemistry Laboratory teaching team at Shandong Agricultural University’s College of Chemistry and Materials Science has established a diversified, omnidirectional “online-offline” ideological and political education system. This initiative, grounded in the fundamental principle of moral education and the course orientation of “strengthening foundations and fostering innovation”, leverages emerging information technologies. The course development provides valuable reference experience for ideological and political construction in laboratory courses at agricultural and forestry universities.
2025, 40(10): 39-45
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411014
Abstract:
In response to the growing demand for international talents in society, bilingual teaching in chemistry programs has become an emerging trend. However, compared to traditional courses taught in Chinese, bilingual courses require higher levels of students' English proficiency, subject comprehension, and cross-cultural communication skills. To adapt to the trend of educational internationalization, this paper examines the teaching methods for bilingual courses in chemistry, using the “Instrumental Analysis” course as an example. It explores the challenges encountered in the teaching process and proposes corresponding solutions, providing a reference for the advancement of bilingual teaching models.
In response to the growing demand for international talents in society, bilingual teaching in chemistry programs has become an emerging trend. However, compared to traditional courses taught in Chinese, bilingual courses require higher levels of students' English proficiency, subject comprehension, and cross-cultural communication skills. To adapt to the trend of educational internationalization, this paper examines the teaching methods for bilingual courses in chemistry, using the “Instrumental Analysis” course as an example. It explores the challenges encountered in the teaching process and proposes corresponding solutions, providing a reference for the advancement of bilingual teaching models.
2025, 40(10): 46-53
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411039
Abstract:
Under the Belt and Road Initiative, the number of international students in domestic vocational colleges has been increasing annually. Improving the teaching quality for these students has become an important and urgent issue for these institutions. The author had the opportunity to teach Analytical Chemistry for the Brunei students in the China-Brunei “1+1+1” Hengyi Petrochemical Technology Talent Joint Training Program and gained valuable experience. This paper summarizes the challenges faced during this process, as well as the explorations and practices undertaken to address them. The aim is to provide useful references for teachers conducting full-English instruction at other institutions, with the goal of cultivating more skilled, internationally-minded talent to support the development of enterprises under the Belt and Road Initiative.
Under the Belt and Road Initiative, the number of international students in domestic vocational colleges has been increasing annually. Improving the teaching quality for these students has become an important and urgent issue for these institutions. The author had the opportunity to teach Analytical Chemistry for the Brunei students in the China-Brunei “1+1+1” Hengyi Petrochemical Technology Talent Joint Training Program and gained valuable experience. This paper summarizes the challenges faced during this process, as well as the explorations and practices undertaken to address them. The aim is to provide useful references for teachers conducting full-English instruction at other institutions, with the goal of cultivating more skilled, internationally-minded talent to support the development of enterprises under the Belt and Road Initiative.
2025, 40(10): 54-62
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411016
Abstract:
Establishing an English-taught curriculum system is essential for cultivating globally minded talents and plays a key role in advancing educational internationalization. Guided by the globalization process and educational policies, this study centers on the challenges faced by regional universities in delivering English-taught inorganic chemistry courses, conducting in-depth exploratory practice. This study details specific implementation strategies and their outcomes, covering eight key areas: course overview, teaching objectives, content, resources, methodologies, faculty team, course philosophy, and teaching effectiveness. It summarizes the distinctive features and innovative aspects of constructing English-taught inorganic chemistry courses, aiming to offer insights and guidance for the development of similar courses at domestic institutions.
Establishing an English-taught curriculum system is essential for cultivating globally minded talents and plays a key role in advancing educational internationalization. Guided by the globalization process and educational policies, this study centers on the challenges faced by regional universities in delivering English-taught inorganic chemistry courses, conducting in-depth exploratory practice. This study details specific implementation strategies and their outcomes, covering eight key areas: course overview, teaching objectives, content, resources, methodologies, faculty team, course philosophy, and teaching effectiveness. It summarizes the distinctive features and innovative aspects of constructing English-taught inorganic chemistry courses, aiming to offer insights and guidance for the development of similar courses at domestic institutions.
2025, 40(10): 63-71
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412013
Abstract:
Polymer chemistry experiment course is not only a key approach to enhance students' experimental skills and practical abilities, but also an important link in cultivating students' innovative thinking and scientific research literacy. In order to significantly improve the effect and quality of experimental teaching, fully inspire students' intrinsic motivation of active learning and comprehensively cultivate their exploration spirit, innovation ability, and speculative thinking, our team carries out exploration and practice on the reform of polymer chemistry experiment teaching actively. Firstly, the teaching contents are designed carefully to ensure the relevance and practicality of knowledge. Secondly, the teaching methods are innovated to enhance the interactivity and creativity of experimental teaching. Thirdly, the teaching evaluation mechanism are improved to strengthen the assessment of the process. Finally, course ideology and political education are fully integrated into experimental teaching to realize the organic unity of knowledge impartation and value guidance.
Polymer chemistry experiment course is not only a key approach to enhance students' experimental skills and practical abilities, but also an important link in cultivating students' innovative thinking and scientific research literacy. In order to significantly improve the effect and quality of experimental teaching, fully inspire students' intrinsic motivation of active learning and comprehensively cultivate their exploration spirit, innovation ability, and speculative thinking, our team carries out exploration and practice on the reform of polymer chemistry experiment teaching actively. Firstly, the teaching contents are designed carefully to ensure the relevance and practicality of knowledge. Secondly, the teaching methods are innovated to enhance the interactivity and creativity of experimental teaching. Thirdly, the teaching evaluation mechanism are improved to strengthen the assessment of the process. Finally, course ideology and political education are fully integrated into experimental teaching to realize the organic unity of knowledge impartation and value guidance.
2025, 40(10): 72-77
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412016
Abstract:
The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Sun Yat-sen University remains committed to its fundamental mission of “fostering virtue and cultivating talents,” with the goal of developing interdisciplinary pharmaceutical innovators. Centering on student development and aligning with current trends in pharmaceutical education, the school actively participates in the New Medical Education initiative. We have established an undergraduate training system firmly grounded in chemistry, medicine, and biology, while vigorously advancing curriculum development and first-class course construction. By implementing the “Three-Comprehensive Education” approach and promoting the “Five-Education Simultaneous Development” strategy, we are creating a new paradigm for cultivating top-tier pharmaceutical talents characterized by interdisciplinary integration. Our efforts focus on producing pharmaceutical elites with solid theoretical foundations, exceptional scientific literacy, outstanding innovative capabilities, and broad international perspectives.
The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Sun Yat-sen University remains committed to its fundamental mission of “fostering virtue and cultivating talents,” with the goal of developing interdisciplinary pharmaceutical innovators. Centering on student development and aligning with current trends in pharmaceutical education, the school actively participates in the New Medical Education initiative. We have established an undergraduate training system firmly grounded in chemistry, medicine, and biology, while vigorously advancing curriculum development and first-class course construction. By implementing the “Three-Comprehensive Education” approach and promoting the “Five-Education Simultaneous Development” strategy, we are creating a new paradigm for cultivating top-tier pharmaceutical talents characterized by interdisciplinary integration. Our efforts focus on producing pharmaceutical elites with solid theoretical foundations, exceptional scientific literacy, outstanding innovative capabilities, and broad international perspectives.
2025, 40(10): 78-85
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412006
Abstract:
This study examines the current state of undergraduate education in “Modern Analytical Testing Technology” course, focusing on classroom teaching practices. The analysis identifies key challenges, including students’ lack of learning motivation and outdated teaching methodologies. Guided by the “learning, teaching, and practicing” trinity concept, this paper proposes several improvement measures. These include expanding online learning platforms, enhancing faculty development, and increasing laboratory accessibility. The implementation of these strategies aims to significantly improve the quality of talent cultivation and enhance students’ practical competencies in the field of modern analytical testing.
This study examines the current state of undergraduate education in “Modern Analytical Testing Technology” course, focusing on classroom teaching practices. The analysis identifies key challenges, including students’ lack of learning motivation and outdated teaching methodologies. Guided by the “learning, teaching, and practicing” trinity concept, this paper proposes several improvement measures. These include expanding online learning platforms, enhancing faculty development, and increasing laboratory accessibility. The implementation of these strategies aims to significantly improve the quality of talent cultivation and enhance students’ practical competencies in the field of modern analytical testing.
2025, 40(10): 86-93
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504107
Abstract:
In response to the dual imperatives of “ideological and political education” and “engineering education professional certification”, our teaching team has undertaken comprehensive reforms in the assessment framework of the Physical Chemistry Experiment course. These reforms specifically address the limitations of traditional evaluation methods, particularly the inadequate assessment of practical operational skills and the insufficient integration of ideological-political educational outcomes. The restructured assessment system incorporates three key enhancements: 1) the introduction of standardized on-site operational examinations with detailed scoring rubrics; 2) the organic integration of ideological-political evaluation criteria; and 3) the randomized selection of experimental items. Empirical evidence demonstrates that this approach fosters clearer and more comprehensive experimental thinking among students, enhances their meticulous reasoning abilities, and more effectively evaluates both their practical operational skills and the outcomes of ideological-political education.
In response to the dual imperatives of “ideological and political education” and “engineering education professional certification”, our teaching team has undertaken comprehensive reforms in the assessment framework of the Physical Chemistry Experiment course. These reforms specifically address the limitations of traditional evaluation methods, particularly the inadequate assessment of practical operational skills and the insufficient integration of ideological-political educational outcomes. The restructured assessment system incorporates three key enhancements: 1) the introduction of standardized on-site operational examinations with detailed scoring rubrics; 2) the organic integration of ideological-political evaluation criteria; and 3) the randomized selection of experimental items. Empirical evidence demonstrates that this approach fosters clearer and more comprehensive experimental thinking among students, enhances their meticulous reasoning abilities, and more effectively evaluates both their practical operational skills and the outcomes of ideological-political education.
2025, 40(10): 94-100
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411004
Abstract:
All-English teaching of professional courses aims to broaden students’ international perspectives and enhance their communication skills, thus improving the quality of innovative talent cultivation. This paper summarizes the preliminary experiences of all-English teaching Analytical Chemistry course at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, in the recent three years. It introduces the basic details of the course development and operation, analyzes the key challenges faced in teaching all-English Analytical Chemistry in the western region, and outlines the proactive strategies implemented by the teaching team. Additionally, it presents prospects for further improvements and the broader promotion of all-English courses.
All-English teaching of professional courses aims to broaden students’ international perspectives and enhance their communication skills, thus improving the quality of innovative talent cultivation. This paper summarizes the preliminary experiences of all-English teaching Analytical Chemistry course at the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, in the recent three years. It introduces the basic details of the course development and operation, analyzes the key challenges faced in teaching all-English Analytical Chemistry in the western region, and outlines the proactive strategies implemented by the teaching team. Additionally, it presents prospects for further improvements and the broader promotion of all-English courses.
2025, 40(10): 101-113
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412018
Abstract:
Methane is an abundant energy resource, and its catalytic conversion plays a crucial role in China’s energy transition and carbon emission reduction efforts under the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goals. This paper reviews and analyzes the research background, transformation pathways, reaction mechanisms, and challenges associated with methane catalytic conversion. It focuses on four primary methods of methane conversion: thermochemical conversion, photochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and bioconversion. The chemicals produced through each of these methods are examined in detail, and the paper also looks ahead to the future development directions of methane catalytic conversion. The aim is to provide theoretical and technical insights for the efficient utilization of methane and the reduction of carbon emissions in China.
Methane is an abundant energy resource, and its catalytic conversion plays a crucial role in China’s energy transition and carbon emission reduction efforts under the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goals. This paper reviews and analyzes the research background, transformation pathways, reaction mechanisms, and challenges associated with methane catalytic conversion. It focuses on four primary methods of methane conversion: thermochemical conversion, photochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and bioconversion. The chemicals produced through each of these methods are examined in detail, and the paper also looks ahead to the future development directions of methane catalytic conversion. The aim is to provide theoretical and technical insights for the efficient utilization of methane and the reduction of carbon emissions in China.
2025, 40(10): 114-120
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411023
Abstract:
The Matteson reaction has garnered significant attention in recent years as one of the cornerstone methodologies for organoboron compound synthesis, demonstrating remarkable utility in complex molecule construction and pharmaceutical development. This comprehensive review systematically examines the Matteson reaction, beginning with an elucidation of its fundamental principles and mechanistic underpinnings to establish a conceptual framework. Subsequently, we provide a critical analysis of contemporary advancements in its practical applications, particularly highlighting its pivotal role as a key transformation in the total synthesis of complex natural products and the production of pharmaceutically relevant intermediates.
The Matteson reaction has garnered significant attention in recent years as one of the cornerstone methodologies for organoboron compound synthesis, demonstrating remarkable utility in complex molecule construction and pharmaceutical development. This comprehensive review systematically examines the Matteson reaction, beginning with an elucidation of its fundamental principles and mechanistic underpinnings to establish a conceptual framework. Subsequently, we provide a critical analysis of contemporary advancements in its practical applications, particularly highlighting its pivotal role as a key transformation in the total synthesis of complex natural products and the production of pharmaceutically relevant intermediates.
2025, 40(10): 121-129
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411054
Abstract:
Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, organosilicon compounds have found widespread applications in various fields such as electronics, materials science, and pharmaceuticals. However, biological systems typically cannot synthesize or convert most organosilicon compounds under natural conditions, making chemical methods the conventional approach for their synthesis and transformation. In a landmark achievement, Professor Frances H. Arnold, recipient of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and her research team successfully achieved biocatalytic conversion of these non-natural compounds through enzyme-directed evolution. This review systematically examines the team’s research progress in organosilicon compound synthesis and transformation, analyzes the underlying reaction mechanisms, and discusses relevant applications. Our aim is to enhance understanding in this field and facilitate further research in biocatalysis.
Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, organosilicon compounds have found widespread applications in various fields such as electronics, materials science, and pharmaceuticals. However, biological systems typically cannot synthesize or convert most organosilicon compounds under natural conditions, making chemical methods the conventional approach for their synthesis and transformation. In a landmark achievement, Professor Frances H. Arnold, recipient of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and her research team successfully achieved biocatalytic conversion of these non-natural compounds through enzyme-directed evolution. This review systematically examines the team’s research progress in organosilicon compound synthesis and transformation, analyzes the underlying reaction mechanisms, and discusses relevant applications. Our aim is to enhance understanding in this field and facilitate further research in biocatalysis.
2025, 40(10): 130-155
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410073
Abstract:
Advances in chemical bonding theories, separation technologies, and applications involving rare gases have fundamentally altered our understanding of these elements, demonstrating that closed-shell rare gases with fully occupied outer electron layers are far from “inert.” A comprehensive investigation into the presence and distribution of rare gases in the universe significantly enhances our knowledge of cosmic evolution, planetary formation, and resource allocation. This review systematically compiles and summarizes the methodologies, analytical techniques, and key findings regarding rare gas exploration within the solar system, encompassing both the Sun and the eight planets. Particular emphasis is placed on the occurrence and distribution of rare gases on Earth and its Moon – celestial bodies essential to human existence. The paper aims to broaden public awareness of rare gases in our solar system while highlighting the groundbreaking contributions of Chinese lunar exploration programs. Notably, the successful missions of China’s Chang'e probe series have yielded invaluable data for lunar rare gas studies, showcasing the nation's technological advancements and scientific achievements in space exploration.
Advances in chemical bonding theories, separation technologies, and applications involving rare gases have fundamentally altered our understanding of these elements, demonstrating that closed-shell rare gases with fully occupied outer electron layers are far from “inert.” A comprehensive investigation into the presence and distribution of rare gases in the universe significantly enhances our knowledge of cosmic evolution, planetary formation, and resource allocation. This review systematically compiles and summarizes the methodologies, analytical techniques, and key findings regarding rare gas exploration within the solar system, encompassing both the Sun and the eight planets. Particular emphasis is placed on the occurrence and distribution of rare gases on Earth and its Moon – celestial bodies essential to human existence. The paper aims to broaden public awareness of rare gases in our solar system while highlighting the groundbreaking contributions of Chinese lunar exploration programs. Notably, the successful missions of China’s Chang'e probe series have yielded invaluable data for lunar rare gas studies, showcasing the nation's technological advancements and scientific achievements in space exploration.
2025, 40(10): 156-160
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202508094
Abstract:
This article employs a vivid personified narrative to recount the journey of an osmium atom (“Little Os”) from being part of the toxic osmium tetroxide to transforming into a functional “metal-centred annulene”. In the story, after causing ecological damage, Little Os resolved to change. Under the guidance of a “Molecular Magician”, she was successfully transformed into a “metal-centred annulene”. Using classic examples such as ferrocene, bis(h 6-benzene) chromium, and Grignard reagents, the Magician explained the diversity of metallo-annulenes-including sandwich, half-sandwich, and other types-and their wide range of applications. Ultimately, through an innovative “conjugated carbon chain cyclization” method, Little Os was constructed into a novel molecule with a unique structure, stable properties, and broad application prospects, demonstrating the scientific thought process from basic research to applied innovation. This story is not only an engaging popular science tale, but also an enlightening lesson integrating the history of chemistry, bonding theory, and materials science.
This article employs a vivid personified narrative to recount the journey of an osmium atom (“Little Os”) from being part of the toxic osmium tetroxide to transforming into a functional “metal-centred annulene”. In the story, after causing ecological damage, Little Os resolved to change. Under the guidance of a “Molecular Magician”, she was successfully transformed into a “metal-centred annulene”. Using classic examples such as ferrocene, bis(
2025, 40(10): 161-165
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411027
Abstract:
Camptothecin, a potent anticancer agent derived from traditional Chinese medicine, serves as the focal point of this article. Through the imaginative lens of a science fiction narrative, the article depicts camptothecin’s battle against tumor cells. Employing a combination of scientific rigor and engaging language, it elucidates the compound’s properties, mechanisms of action, and recent research progress in structural modifications, functional enhancements, and clinical applications.
Camptothecin, a potent anticancer agent derived from traditional Chinese medicine, serves as the focal point of this article. Through the imaginative lens of a science fiction narrative, the article depicts camptothecin’s battle against tumor cells. Employing a combination of scientific rigor and engaging language, it elucidates the compound’s properties, mechanisms of action, and recent research progress in structural modifications, functional enhancements, and clinical applications.
2025, 40(10): 166-174
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411006
Abstract:
Microneedle patches have realized the long-sought dream of painless injections while significantly improving transdermal drug delivery efficiency. These innovative devices demonstrate remarkable potential across diverse fields, particularly in cosmetic skincare and therapeutic applications. This article elucidates the scientific principles underlying this “miniature marvel” that alleviates needle phobia, detailing the material composition and manufacturing processes of polymeric microneedles along with their expanding applications in beauty and healthcare. As microneedle technology continues to advance, it is emerging as a transformative innovation in both medical and cosmetic domains, destined to become an integral part of modern healthcare practices.
Microneedle patches have realized the long-sought dream of painless injections while significantly improving transdermal drug delivery efficiency. These innovative devices demonstrate remarkable potential across diverse fields, particularly in cosmetic skincare and therapeutic applications. This article elucidates the scientific principles underlying this “miniature marvel” that alleviates needle phobia, detailing the material composition and manufacturing processes of polymeric microneedles along with their expanding applications in beauty and healthcare. As microneedle technology continues to advance, it is emerging as a transformative innovation in both medical and cosmetic domains, destined to become an integral part of modern healthcare practices.
2025, 40(10): 175-185
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412009
Abstract:
Through an anthropomorphic approach, this article adopts the first-person perspective of Pentaerythritol as a child, narrating its story of making friends and engaging in lively dialogues to introduce the chemical reactions between Pentaerythritol and other compounds, as well as the applications of the resulting products. Detailed explanations are provided on the esterification of Pentaerythritol with fatty acids, its nitration with nitric acid, chelation with zinc oxide, involvement in the synthesis of ibuprofen through ketal condensation, and the preparation of Pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol. Additionally, the article briefly describes the lubricating properties of Pentaerythritol esters and their applications in daily chemicals and aerospace, the explosive nature of Pentaerythritol nitrate, the thermal stabilizing effect of Pentaerythritol zinc, and the uses of related compounds.
Through an anthropomorphic approach, this article adopts the first-person perspective of Pentaerythritol as a child, narrating its story of making friends and engaging in lively dialogues to introduce the chemical reactions between Pentaerythritol and other compounds, as well as the applications of the resulting products. Detailed explanations are provided on the esterification of Pentaerythritol with fatty acids, its nitration with nitric acid, chelation with zinc oxide, involvement in the synthesis of ibuprofen through ketal condensation, and the preparation of Pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol. Additionally, the article briefly describes the lubricating properties of Pentaerythritol esters and their applications in daily chemicals and aerospace, the explosive nature of Pentaerythritol nitrate, the thermal stabilizing effect of Pentaerythritol zinc, and the uses of related compounds.
2025, 40(10): 186-193
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412041
Abstract:
The teaching laboratory serves as a crucial space for experimental education, where the overall environment subtly influences students’ laboratory learning and the development of their habits. This paper primarily introduces the specific implementation methods and outcomes of 6S (SEIRI (Sort), SEITON (Set in order), SEISO (Shine), SEIKETSU (Standardize), SHITSUKE (Sustain), and SECURITY (Safety)) management in the Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory at Shandong University’s Provincial Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry, tailored to its own characteristics and needs.
The teaching laboratory serves as a crucial space for experimental education, where the overall environment subtly influences students’ laboratory learning and the development of their habits. This paper primarily introduces the specific implementation methods and outcomes of 6S (SEIRI (Sort), SEITON (Set in order), SEISO (Shine), SEIKETSU (Standardize), SHITSUKE (Sustain), and SECURITY (Safety)) management in the Instrumental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory at Shandong University’s Provincial Experimental Teaching Center for Chemistry, tailored to its own characteristics and needs.
2025, 40(10): 194-202
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411063
Abstract:
This study presents a research-oriented comprehensive instrumental analysis laboratory course designed within a scientific research context. We developed an integrated experiment combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for metabolomic profiling of plasma small molecules. This approach enables students to master the principles and operational techniques of three analytical instruments (GC, LC, and MS) through a single experiment, effectively addressing the issue of knowledge fragmentation in traditional courses. By incorporating detailed instrument structure explanations and open experimental parameter settings, we significantly enhanced the course’s exploratory nature and actively engaged students' initiative in learning.
This study presents a research-oriented comprehensive instrumental analysis laboratory course designed within a scientific research context. We developed an integrated experiment combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for metabolomic profiling of plasma small molecules. This approach enables students to master the principles and operational techniques of three analytical instruments (GC, LC, and MS) through a single experiment, effectively addressing the issue of knowledge fragmentation in traditional courses. By incorporating detailed instrument structure explanations and open experimental parameter settings, we significantly enhanced the course’s exploratory nature and actively engaged students' initiative in learning.
2025, 40(10): 203-207
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411076
Abstract:
In chemical reaction kinetics studies, kinetic isotope effects (KIE) provide critical information for understanding reaction pathways and mechanisms. While hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects have been extensively studied, increasing attention is being paid to isotope effects involving carbon and other heavier atoms. A significant breakthrough occurred in 1995 when Singleton developed a high-precision NMR-based method for measuring 12C/13C KIE values. This innovative approach eliminates the need for expensive and complex isotope labeling procedures. By utilizing samples with natural 13C abundance and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, the method enables direct measurement of 12C/13C KIE values with remarkable precision. This article comprehensively describes the theoretical foundations, experimental protocols, and practical applications of this method, emphasizing its importance and advantages in mechanistic and kinetic studies of chemical reactions.
In chemical reaction kinetics studies, kinetic isotope effects (KIE) provide critical information for understanding reaction pathways and mechanisms. While hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects have been extensively studied, increasing attention is being paid to isotope effects involving carbon and other heavier atoms. A significant breakthrough occurred in 1995 when Singleton developed a high-precision NMR-based method for measuring 12C/13C KIE values. This innovative approach eliminates the need for expensive and complex isotope labeling procedures. By utilizing samples with natural 13C abundance and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, the method enables direct measurement of 12C/13C KIE values with remarkable precision. This article comprehensively describes the theoretical foundations, experimental protocols, and practical applications of this method, emphasizing its importance and advantages in mechanistic and kinetic studies of chemical reactions.
2025, 40(10): 208-216
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411077
Abstract:
This article introduces a comprehensive organic chemistry experiment originated from undergraduate scientific research training program. Using 2-aminoacetophenone as the starting material, the experiment demonstrates the synthesis of benzoxazine through a three-step sequence involving Wittig reaction, amidation, and bromocyclization. Two intermediates and the final product were characterized and analyzed for their structures. The experiment included techniques such as heating reflux, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detection, filtration, and column chromatography, all designed to enhance students’ skills in multi-step organic compound synthesis and spectral analysis. In addition, the experiment incorporates both classical and current scientific organic methods, which not only helps students to consolidate their theoretical knowledge, improve their experimental ability, but also stimulate their interest in learning and exploring chemistry.
This article introduces a comprehensive organic chemistry experiment originated from undergraduate scientific research training program. Using 2-aminoacetophenone as the starting material, the experiment demonstrates the synthesis of benzoxazine through a three-step sequence involving Wittig reaction, amidation, and bromocyclization. Two intermediates and the final product were characterized and analyzed for their structures. The experiment included techniques such as heating reflux, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detection, filtration, and column chromatography, all designed to enhance students’ skills in multi-step organic compound synthesis and spectral analysis. In addition, the experiment incorporates both classical and current scientific organic methods, which not only helps students to consolidate their theoretical knowledge, improve their experimental ability, but also stimulate their interest in learning and exploring chemistry.
Teaching through Research: A Comprehensive Experiment on Carbon Quantum Dots from Microplastic Waste
2025, 40(10): 217-224
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412010
Abstract:
Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental issue, and transforming it into carbon quantum dots (CQDs) offers an innovative approach to pollution control. In this experiment, CQDs were synthesized using hydrothermal and calcination methods, and their optical properties were systematically analyzed. Additionally, the effect of Fe3+ on the fluorescence properties of the CQDs was investigated. The experiment covers the preparation, performance analysis, and Fe3+ detection, with a simple and practical procedure. It integrates organic chemistry and environmental chemistry, enhancing the experiment’s engagement and educational value, helping students better understand and apply theoretical knowledge while fostering innovation and practical skills.
Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental issue, and transforming it into carbon quantum dots (CQDs) offers an innovative approach to pollution control. In this experiment, CQDs were synthesized using hydrothermal and calcination methods, and their optical properties were systematically analyzed. Additionally, the effect of Fe3+ on the fluorescence properties of the CQDs was investigated. The experiment covers the preparation, performance analysis, and Fe3+ detection, with a simple and practical procedure. It integrates organic chemistry and environmental chemistry, enhancing the experiment’s engagement and educational value, helping students better understand and apply theoretical knowledge while fostering innovation and practical skills.
2025, 40(10): 225-232
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412017
Abstract:
As a fundamental component of physical chemistry and instrumental analysis, electrochemical theory finds practical application in supercapacitor performance evaluation. This study initially synthesized the (NH4)6[NiMo9O32]·6H2O polyoxometalate precursor, followed by the hydrothermal synthesis of Ni(OH)2-NiMoO4/NF electrode material. The supercapacitor performance was subsequently evaluated using an electrochemical workstation. The experimental procedure integrates knowledge from inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and instrumental analysis, representing a comprehensive, interdisciplinary innovation experiment. This approach enhances students’ theoretical understanding, improves experimental skills, facilitates data processing, bridges theory with practical applications, stimulates research interest, and cultivates problem-solving abilities and innovative thinking.
As a fundamental component of physical chemistry and instrumental analysis, electrochemical theory finds practical application in supercapacitor performance evaluation. This study initially synthesized the (NH4)6[NiMo9O32]·6H2O polyoxometalate precursor, followed by the hydrothermal synthesis of Ni(OH)2-NiMoO4/NF electrode material. The supercapacitor performance was subsequently evaluated using an electrochemical workstation. The experimental procedure integrates knowledge from inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and instrumental analysis, representing a comprehensive, interdisciplinary innovation experiment. This approach enhances students’ theoretical understanding, improves experimental skills, facilitates data processing, bridges theory with practical applications, stimulates research interest, and cultivates problem-solving abilities and innovative thinking.
2025, 40(10): 233-242
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412024
Abstract:
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) stands as a pivotal electrochemical technique for investigating redox reactions. Traditional CV teaching experiments often lack in-depth exploration of the physicochemical processes underlying CV curves, leading to students' limited comprehension of electrochemical kinetics during CV characterization. To address this pedagogical gap, we developed a digital simulation program using Python to visualize both CV curves and the dynamic concentration changes of electroactive species at the electrode surface. This computational approach not only minimizes material consumption and enhances experimental efficiency but also transforms complex electrochemical data into accessible visual representations through dynamic visualization. The digital simulation experiment serves as a valuable complement to traditional methods, enhancing instructional interactivity and student engagement while fostering greater interest and curiosity in electrochemical studies.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) stands as a pivotal electrochemical technique for investigating redox reactions. Traditional CV teaching experiments often lack in-depth exploration of the physicochemical processes underlying CV curves, leading to students' limited comprehension of electrochemical kinetics during CV characterization. To address this pedagogical gap, we developed a digital simulation program using Python to visualize both CV curves and the dynamic concentration changes of electroactive species at the electrode surface. This computational approach not only minimizes material consumption and enhances experimental efficiency but also transforms complex electrochemical data into accessible visual representations through dynamic visualization. The digital simulation experiment serves as a valuable complement to traditional methods, enhancing instructional interactivity and student engagement while fostering greater interest and curiosity in electrochemical studies.
2025, 40(10): 243-249
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412043
Abstract:
This study enhances an undergraduate instrumental analysis experiment focused on the separation and quantification of five principal components—eucalyptol, camphor, menthol, methyl salicylate, and eugenol—in traditional Chinese medicine preparations using gas chromatography. It introduces a simultaneous application of internal standard, external standard, and normalization methods to the same dataset to assess the accuracy of quantitative results. This approach enables students to grasp fundamental chromatographic qualitative and quantitative techniques, understand the applicability of various quantitative methods, and learn to calculate theoretical plate numbers and resolution within a limited teaching timeframe. By integrating basic chromatographic theory with the analysis of main components in everyday items such as wind oil essence, this experiment not only demonstrates the practical application of theoretical knowledge but also promotes environmental sustainability. It effectively cultivates students' capabilities in analyzing experimental data.
This study enhances an undergraduate instrumental analysis experiment focused on the separation and quantification of five principal components—eucalyptol, camphor, menthol, methyl salicylate, and eugenol—in traditional Chinese medicine preparations using gas chromatography. It introduces a simultaneous application of internal standard, external standard, and normalization methods to the same dataset to assess the accuracy of quantitative results. This approach enables students to grasp fundamental chromatographic qualitative and quantitative techniques, understand the applicability of various quantitative methods, and learn to calculate theoretical plate numbers and resolution within a limited teaching timeframe. By integrating basic chromatographic theory with the analysis of main components in everyday items such as wind oil essence, this experiment not only demonstrates the practical application of theoretical knowledge but also promotes environmental sustainability. It effectively cultivates students' capabilities in analyzing experimental data.
2025, 40(10): 250-256
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412003
Abstract:
The development of laboratory safety education courses is a crucial initiative for enhancing the quality of talent training and ensuring safety in university laboratories, representing practical actions towards building a safer China. Starting from five aspects—teaching goals, content, methods and tools, resources, and evaluation standards—this integration deeply embeds laboratory safety education within the teaching process of "Organic Chemistry Experiment". A course has been constructed that emphasizes the cultivation of students' awareness of laboratory safety and their practical abilities. This initiative serves as a valuable attempt to continuously explore and refine new approaches to laboratory safety education and provides a model for the integration of professional experimental courses with laboratory safety education.
The development of laboratory safety education courses is a crucial initiative for enhancing the quality of talent training and ensuring safety in university laboratories, representing practical actions towards building a safer China. Starting from five aspects—teaching goals, content, methods and tools, resources, and evaluation standards—this integration deeply embeds laboratory safety education within the teaching process of "Organic Chemistry Experiment". A course has been constructed that emphasizes the cultivation of students' awareness of laboratory safety and their practical abilities. This initiative serves as a valuable attempt to continuously explore and refine new approaches to laboratory safety education and provides a model for the integration of professional experimental courses with laboratory safety education.
2025, 40(10): 257-262
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411049
Abstract:
Potential energy surfaces play a pivotal role in predicting chemical reaction pathways, molecular spectroscopy, and simulating kinetic processes. While most existing undergraduate computational chemistry experiments emphasize using commercial software for potential energy surface fitting, they seldom incorporate programming components. This experiment employs Fortran programming to construct the Morse/Long-Range potential energy surface for CO-He complexes. Designed to enhance students' programming proficiency and deepen their theoretical understanding of potential energy surfaces, this experiment provides essential groundwork for future scientific research.
Potential energy surfaces play a pivotal role in predicting chemical reaction pathways, molecular spectroscopy, and simulating kinetic processes. While most existing undergraduate computational chemistry experiments emphasize using commercial software for potential energy surface fitting, they seldom incorporate programming components. This experiment employs Fortran programming to construct the Morse/Long-Range potential energy surface for CO-He complexes. Designed to enhance students' programming proficiency and deepen their theoretical understanding of potential energy surfaces, this experiment provides essential groundwork for future scientific research.
2025, 40(10): 263-275
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412021
Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive experiment focusing on the design and synthesis of non-fused ring electron acceptors, along with the investigation of their photoelectronic properties. The experiment innovatively incorporates solar energy utilization and Suzuki coupling reactions into the curriculum, employing a “literature review-experimental manipulation-mechanistic exploration” approach to reinforce the fundamental chemical principle that “structure determines properties”. This methodology aims to enhance students’ experimental skills and data processing capabilities, while integrating principles of green chemistry. The approach effectively fosters students’ innovative thinking and collaborative skills, thereby providing a robust foundation for future scientific research.
This study presents a comprehensive experiment focusing on the design and synthesis of non-fused ring electron acceptors, along with the investigation of their photoelectronic properties. The experiment innovatively incorporates solar energy utilization and Suzuki coupling reactions into the curriculum, employing a “literature review-experimental manipulation-mechanistic exploration” approach to reinforce the fundamental chemical principle that “structure determines properties”. This methodology aims to enhance students’ experimental skills and data processing capabilities, while integrating principles of green chemistry. The approach effectively fosters students’ innovative thinking and collaborative skills, thereby providing a robust foundation for future scientific research.
2025, 40(10): 276-281
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411011
Abstract:
The all-English teaching model of advanced analytical chemistry plays a crucial role in broadening students’ global perspectives and enhancing their comprehensive innovation abilities. However, challenges such as the complexity of the subject matter, the gap between theory and practice, and language barriers remain. This paper explores the application of project-based integrated teaching models in the all-English teaching of advanced analytical chemistry. The model integrates current scientific research into the curriculum, with a focus on the selection of teaching materials, content, teaching methods, and assessment design. The project-based integrated approach demonstrates significant advantages and prospects in helping students master theoretical knowledge, apply experimental skills, and improve personal capabilities.
The all-English teaching model of advanced analytical chemistry plays a crucial role in broadening students’ global perspectives and enhancing their comprehensive innovation abilities. However, challenges such as the complexity of the subject matter, the gap between theory and practice, and language barriers remain. This paper explores the application of project-based integrated teaching models in the all-English teaching of advanced analytical chemistry. The model integrates current scientific research into the curriculum, with a focus on the selection of teaching materials, content, teaching methods, and assessment design. The project-based integrated approach demonstrates significant advantages and prospects in helping students master theoretical knowledge, apply experimental skills, and improve personal capabilities.
2025, 40(10): 282-287
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411009
Abstract:
In the instrumental analysis laboratory courses designed for undergraduate students enrolled in the Strengthening Basic Disciplines Program, interactive electronic courseware was implemented as pre-laboratory learning materials. This approach effectively combined online and offline learning modalities, enabling targeted delivery of advanced course content. The methodology demonstrated multiple benefits: it enhanced student engagement, improved experimental techniques, and cultivated innovative research thinking. Furthermore, this study presents a novel approach for developing digital educational resources in the context of integrated undergraduate-graduate laboratory course development.
In the instrumental analysis laboratory courses designed for undergraduate students enrolled in the Strengthening Basic Disciplines Program, interactive electronic courseware was implemented as pre-laboratory learning materials. This approach effectively combined online and offline learning modalities, enabling targeted delivery of advanced course content. The methodology demonstrated multiple benefits: it enhanced student engagement, improved experimental techniques, and cultivated innovative research thinking. Furthermore, this study presents a novel approach for developing digital educational resources in the context of integrated undergraduate-graduate laboratory course development.
2025, 40(10): 288-294
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412022
Abstract:
This study implemented project-based teaching in a physical chemistry course, using the construction of p-V diagrams as a case study. Two specific tasks were designed: (1) plotting p-V diagrams for isothermal, adiabatic, and polytropic reversible processes, and (2) comparing p-V diagrams for reversible and irreversible adiabatic processes. Through these tasks, students were guided to analyze and solve problems from multiple perspectives. The collaborative nature of the project enabled students to experience the scientific research process, emphasizing the importance of understanding fundamental principles in addressing practical problems. Furthermore, this approach enhanced students’ teamwork skills, depth of critical thinking, and ability to analyze and solve complex problems.
This study implemented project-based teaching in a physical chemistry course, using the construction of p-V diagrams as a case study. Two specific tasks were designed: (1) plotting p-V diagrams for isothermal, adiabatic, and polytropic reversible processes, and (2) comparing p-V diagrams for reversible and irreversible adiabatic processes. Through these tasks, students were guided to analyze and solve problems from multiple perspectives. The collaborative nature of the project enabled students to experience the scientific research process, emphasizing the importance of understanding fundamental principles in addressing practical problems. Furthermore, this approach enhanced students’ teamwork skills, depth of critical thinking, and ability to analyze and solve complex problems.
2025, 40(10): 295-302
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411048
Abstract:
Structural chemistry provides students with an essential framework for understanding molecular electronic structures, spatial configurations, and the fundamental nature of chemical reactions at the microscopic level. This study employs GaussView software to conduct dynamic visual analyses of atomic and molecular orbital symmetry, electron configurations, and energy characteristics. The methodology enables thorough investigation of the molecular orbital symmetry conservation principle. These pedagogical strategies not only successfully reduce the cognitive barriers posed by abstract concepts but also substantially enrich course content while demonstrating notable improvements in instructional effectiveness.
Structural chemistry provides students with an essential framework for understanding molecular electronic structures, spatial configurations, and the fundamental nature of chemical reactions at the microscopic level. This study employs GaussView software to conduct dynamic visual analyses of atomic and molecular orbital symmetry, electron configurations, and energy characteristics. The methodology enables thorough investigation of the molecular orbital symmetry conservation principle. These pedagogical strategies not only successfully reduce the cognitive barriers posed by abstract concepts but also substantially enrich course content while demonstrating notable improvements in instructional effectiveness.
2025, 40(10): 303-308
doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411052
Abstract:
The first question of the 38th China Chemistry Olympiad (Preliminary) showcases a notable degree of innovation, utilizing the alchemical method of preparing “Red Dragon Blood” as a scenario to explore the properties and transformations of substances such as Sb2S3 and Au. This analysis provides a detailed examination of the question, traces its origins, and offers an expanded introduction to relevant materials. These insights aim to deepen readers’ understanding of the competition questions and serve as a valuable reference for students preparing for chemistry competitions.
The first question of the 38th China Chemistry Olympiad (Preliminary) showcases a notable degree of innovation, utilizing the alchemical method of preparing “Red Dragon Blood” as a scenario to explore the properties and transformations of substances such as Sb2S3 and Au. This analysis provides a detailed examination of the question, traces its origins, and offers an expanded introduction to relevant materials. These insights aim to deepen readers’ understanding of the competition questions and serve as a valuable reference for students preparing for chemistry competitions.
