将硫化氢(H₂S)有毒废气转化为氢气(H₂)和高附加值含硫化学品一直是光催化分解H₂S领域的重要研究目标。本文借助孪晶Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S (T-MCS)固溶体的结构优势促进光催化剂体相电荷分离，并将导电性能优异的二硫化镍(NiS₂)负载于T-MCS表面，构建了NiS₂/T-MCS界面肖特基结与体相S型孪晶同质结复合光催化剂。研究表明，NiS₂不仅引入了大量活性位点，而且显著改善了表面电荷分离效率。以0.1 mol L⁻¹ (M)硫化钠(Na₂S)与0.6 M无水亚硫酸钠(Na₂SO₃)吸收H₂S后的饱和溶液作为反应液，8 wt% NiS₂/T-MCS复合材料产氢速率可达59.95 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)与紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)证实反应液中硫化合物几乎完全转化为硫代硫酸钠(Na₂S₂O₃)，并通过滴定法对S₂O₃²⁻含量进行了定量测定。本文制备的肖特基结与固溶体孪晶同质结复合材料为开发高效H₂S光催化转化体系，以及同时获得H₂和Na₂S₂O₃提供了重要实验参考。

利用水热法合成了一种宽带近红外Na₃CrF₆荧光粉，研究了其结构、微观形貌和光致发光性能。结果表明，在435 nm激发光的照射下，Na₃CrF₆荧光粉可发出650~850 nm宽带近红外光，其峰值位于738 nm处，半高宽为95 nm；通过分析光谱数据，发现Cr³⁺在Na₃CrF₆荧光粉中的晶体场强度为1.72，处于弱晶体场环境中；298~473 K温度范围内，随着加热温度的升高，Na₃CrF₆荧光粉的发光强度缓慢下降。

Two alkali-metal sulfamates nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, Li(NH₂SO₃) and Na(NH₂SO₃), have been obtained through the facile evaporation method. Li(NH₂SO₃) crystallizes in the polar space group Pca2₁ (No.29). The structure of Li(NH₂SO₃) can be described as a 3D network formed by [LiO₄]^7- polyhedral connecting with NH₂SO₃^- tetrahedra through corner-sharing. Na(NH₂SO₃) crystallizes in the polar space group P2₁2₁2₁ (No.19). The structure of Na(NH₂SO₃) can be described as a 3D network formed by distorted [NaO₆]^11- octahedral connecting with NH₂SO₃^- tetrahedra through corner-sharing. The UV-Vis-near-infrared spectra demonstrate that Li(NH₂SO₃) and Na(NH₂SO₃) possessed large optical band gaps of 5.25 and 4.81 eV, respectively. Powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements demonstrate that the SHG intensity of Li(NH₂SO₃) and Na(NH₂SO₃) were 0.32 times and 0.31 times that of KH₂PO₄, respectively. First-principles calculations confirm the nonlinear optical performance mainly derived from the synergistic effect of amino sulfonate anions and alkali metal oxide anionic polyhedra.

采用溶剂热法合成了一系列Cs₂NaBiCl₆: Mn²⁺与Cs₂Na_1-xK_xBiCl₆: Mn²⁺荧光粉，并通过理论计算与实验表征相结合的方式系统研究了其晶体结构和发光性能。结果表明，Cs₂NaBiCl₆: Mn²⁺体系表现出以[BiCl₆]^3-八面体为中心的局域激发吸收近紫外光，随着Mn²⁺掺杂浓度的增加，[BiCl₆]^3-向Mn²⁺发生能量转移，从而促进了Mn²⁺的d轨道之间的电子跃迁并产生橙黄色发光。进一步引入K⁺后，Cs₂NaBiCl₆: Mn²⁺发光强度和颜色纯度得到提升。实验证实K⁺的引入有效调谐了Cs₂NaBiCl₆: Mn²⁺的态密度组成，促进了[BiCl₆]^3-的 ¹S₀→³P_{1, 2}电子跃迁，增强了Cs₂NaBiCl₆: Mn²⁺的发光强度，并利用CIE软件计算得到其色纯度为93.58%。最终结果表明，Cs₂Na_1-xK_xBiCl₆: Mn²⁺具有较强的橙黄色发光特性。

水系钠离子电池电容器具有成本低、功率大、安全性好等优点，是下一代大规模储能系统的理想选择之一。本文采用Na_0.44MnO₂正极、活性炭(AC)负极、6 mol∙L⁻¹ NaOH电解液和廉价的不锈钢集流体构建了可充电碱性钠离子电池电容器。由于Na_0.44MnO₂正极在碱性电解液中具有较高的过充耐受性，通过首次充电时的原位过充预活化过程可以解决半钠化Na_0.44MnO₂正极和AC负极初始库伦效率低的缺点。因此，AC||Na_0.44MnO₂可充电碱性钠离子电池电容器具有优异的电化学性能，在功率密度为85 W∙kg⁻¹时，能量密度达26.6 Wh∙kg⁻¹，循环10000次后容量保持率为89%。同时，在50 ℃的高温和−20 ℃的低温也具有良好的电化学性能。这些结果表明AC||Na_0.44MnO₂可充电碱性钠离子电池电容器具备应用于大规模储能的潜力。

钠离子电池被广泛研究用于储能应用，但实现同时具有高能量密度、稳定性和快速充放电性能的正极材料仍然是一个关键的挑战。本研究合成了一系列NASICON型Na_3.5−xMn_0.5V_1.5−xZr_x(PO₄)₃/C材料，并掺入Mn、V和Zr元素探讨其对电化学性能的影响。通过在Mn和V的基础上引入Zr，提出一种激活V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺氧化还原反应新的策略，从而提升能量密度。此外，Zr掺入通过拓宽离子通道并产生额外的钠离子空位，显著促进钠离子迁移，增强电极反应动力学和整体性能。结果表明，Na_3.4Mn_0.5V_1.4Zr_0.1(PO₄)₃/C材料表现出优异的循环稳定性，在800次循环后保持90%的容量，并具备高倍率性能(20C时，放电比容量为84 mAh∙g⁻¹)，显著优于原始的Na_3.5Mn_0.5V_1.5(PO₄)₃/C材料。该研究为开发高效且可持续钠离子电池提供了有效途径。

制备了一系列Tb³⁺-Eu³⁺掺杂含Na_8.12Y_1.293Si₆O₁₈晶相的玻璃陶瓷，通过多种表征技术系统研究了热处理条件对其微观结构和发光性能的影响，最终确定最佳热处理条件为670 ℃、90 min。Tb³⁺的最佳掺杂浓度(物质的量分数)为0.5%，超过此浓度时会出现四极-四极相互作用主导的浓度猝灭。双掺玻璃陶瓷中存在Tb³⁺向Eu³⁺的能量传递。在293~493 K温度范围内，双掺玻璃陶瓷表现出良好的热稳定性，热猝灭活化能为0.24 eV，色度偏移为2.1×10^-2。此外，该材料具有一定的温度传感性能，最大温度灵敏度为5.7×10^-3 K^-1，热重复性比为96.6%。

Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP)因其NASICON型框架结构可实现高效可逆的钠离子脱嵌，因此被认为是一种极具前景的钠离子电池正极材料。然而，其实际性能受限于高倍率下的缓慢电荷转移和循环稳定性不足。本研究采用简易浸渍法在NVP颗粒表面沉积Nb₂O₅，旨在提升材料的高倍率性能和长循环稳定性。结构与光谱分析(XRD、电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、XPS和X射线荧光光谱)证实包覆后NVP仍保持良好的结晶性，且Nb₂O₅均匀分布于颗粒表面而不影响钠离子的可逆脱嵌。电化学测试表明，与未包覆样品相比，Nb₂O₅包覆样品中Na⁺扩散系数显著提高，从而提升了高倍率性能和循环稳定性，其中3% Nb₂O₅包覆样品表现出最高的扩散系数和最优异的循环稳定性。循环伏安和阻抗测试结果表明，包覆样品的表面电容增强，从而促进了钠离子的快速存储。XPS结果显示Nb₂O₅可清除电解液中的痕量HF，避免了其对NVP电极结构的破坏。长循环测试验证了包覆电极结构的长期稳定性。这些结果表明，Nb₂O₅包覆是解决NVP电极本征缺陷的有效策略，为开发高性能钠离子电池提供了可行途径。

The complexes 1-4 of cyclobutanocucurbit[5]uril (CyB₅Q[5]) with Na⁺/K⁺ have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that although the inorganic salts are used when the cations are the same and the anions are different, in complex 1, Na⁺ closes one port of CyB₅Q[5] through Na—O seven coordination bonds to form a molecular bowl; in complex 3, Na⁺ completely closes the two ports of CyB₅Q[5] to form a molecular capsule with six Na—O coordination bonds; in complexes 2 and 4, the two ports of CyB₅Q[5] are completely closed to form K—O coordinated molecular capsules, but the K⁺ of complex 2 is six-coordinated and that of complex 4 is eight-/nine-coordinated. and complex 4 are connected by three oxygen bridges to form a 1D molecular chain.

In this study, using 3, 5-di(3′, 5′-dicarboxylphenyl)-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole (H₄L) as ligands, a gadolinia-based organic framework complex {[GdNa(L)(H₂O)₃]·2H₂O}_n (Gd-Na-MOF) was successfully designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structure and properties were systematically characterized and tested by techniques such as single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that this complex has a unique 3D structure, excellent thermal stability, and outstanding luminescent performance. Based on its luminescent properties, a polymer-embedding method was employed to fabricate the Gd-Na-MOF into a flexible, washable composite fluorescent film, Gd-Na-MOF@PMMA/BMA (PMMA=polymethyl methacrylate, BMA=butyl methacrylate). This fluorescent film exhibited highly sensitive recognition capability for tyramine, with a low detection limit of 1.66 μmol·L^-1. It was used for the detection of tyramine in bananas, with a recovery rate of 96.92%-100.26%.