Citation: Yijia Chen, Wendan Luo, Ke Liu, Taihong Liu, Liping Ding, Yu Fang. Diverse roles of indacenodithiophene in push-pull chromophores for enhanced two-photon absorption and efficient nonlinear optical limiting[J]. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, ;2025, 44(10): 100704. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100704 shu

Diverse roles of indacenodithiophene in push-pull chromophores for enhanced two-photon absorption and efficient nonlinear optical limiting

Correlation between tunable optical properties and push-pull structural characters has attracted extensive attention in material science and nonlinear optics. Here, several indacenodithiophene (IDT) derivatives denoted as IDT-2NA, NA-IDT-CN, and IDT-2CN with different terminal substituents are investigated comparatively to demonstrate their intrinsic structure-property relationships. Interestingly, the IDT core acts diverse roles as acceptor (A) and donor (D) in the obtained three derivatives. Symmetric IDT-2NA with a D-A-D architecture shows an absorption maximum around 459 nm in THF. Contrary to the symmetric analog IDT-2CN with a reverse A-D-A feature, NA-IDT-CN with a different D-D′-A motif characterizes an obvious solvent polarity effect. Theoretical calculation and electrostatic potential results confirm the terminal substituents with different electronic conjugation play vital roles in affecting the resultant photophysical properties. Utilizing the femtosecond open-aperture Z-scan technique, significant two-photon absorption (2PA) capabilities are obtained ranging from 540 to 900 nm. The 2PA cross section (δ2PA) maximum about 5390 GM of centrosymmetric IDT-2CN exhibits at 600 nm. Distinct excited-state dynamics with the help of femtosecond transition absorption supports the effective intramolecular charge transfer which accounts for enhancing the δ2PA values. Their potential optical power limiting applications based on the 2PA mechanism were further evaluated. The limiting thresholds were found to be 2.79–3.35 mJ/cm2 for the three IDT derivatives with a sequence of IDT-2CN < IDT-2NA < NA-IDT-CN. The distinct structural motifs and effective 2PA capabilities in the current work may provide reliable insights into the push-pull IDT chromophores for advanced nonlinear optical applications.
- Indacenodithiophene,
- Push-pull effect,
- Two-photon absorption,
- Structure-property correlation,
- Excited-state dynamics
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142