Citation: Ziqi Chen, Miriding Mutailipu. Achieving the birefringence-bandgap trade-off: hydrogen-bond engineered biuret-cyanurate[J]. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, ;2025, 44(10): 100695. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100695 shu

Achieving the birefringence-bandgap trade-off: hydrogen-bond engineered biuret-cyanurate

Birefringent materials play a crucial role in light polarization, with important applications in fiber-optic communications. However, developing such materials for the solar-blind region and shorter wavelengths remains challenging due to the inherent trade-off between birefringence and bandgap. In this work, we introduce a strategic assembly of cyanuric rings with biuret units—the latter identified for the first time as a birefringence-active motif—resulting in two new compounds: [H5C2N3O2][H3C3N3O3] (1) and [H5C2N3O2][H3C3N3O3]·xH2O (x ≈ 0.43) (2). Through hydrogen bonding-driven structural optimization, compound 2 achieves a 50% increase in birefringence (Δn = 0.403 @ 546 nm) compared to 1, while retaining a short cutoff edge of 208 nm. This advancement demonstrates that hydrogen-bond-guided structural design, combined with novel functional units, can overcome the traditional birefringence-bandgap conflict, opening new possibilities for short-wavelength birefringent materials with strong optical anisotropy.
- Birefringence,
- π-conjugated group,
- Hydrogen bonding,
- Optical anisotropy
1. [1]
  Yong-Fang Shi , Sheng-Hua Zhou , Zuju Ma , Xin-Tao Wu , Hua Lin , Qi-Long Zhu . From [Ba3S][GeS4] to [Ba3CO3][MS4] (M = Ge, Sn): Enhancing optical anisotropy in IR birefringent crystals via functional group implantation. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(1): 100455-100455. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100455
2. [2]
  Yi-Chang Yang , Rui-Xi Wang , Li-Ming Wu , Ling Chen . Regulating the coplanarity of π-conjugated units through hydrogen bonding in FAHC2O4 and FAH2C3N3S3 crystals. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(10): 100714-100714. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100714
3. [3]
  Dong-Xue Jiao , Hui-Li Zhang , Chao He , Si-Yu Chen , Ke Wang , Xiao-Han Zhang , Li Wei , Qi Wei . Layered (C5H6ON)2[Sb2O(C2O4)3] with a large birefringence derived from the uniform arrangement of π-conjugated units. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2024, 43(6): 100304-100304. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2024.100304
4. [4]
  Shuang Zhao , Fei Jia , Kaibei Zhan , Rui-Xi Wang , Pengfei Tan , Lin Shen , Li-Ming Wu , Ling Chen . Amino substitution strategy achieves significant blue shift while preserving high optical anisotropy: A₂(H₃C₃N₄S₂)₂•H₂O (A =NH₄, K, Rb, Cs). Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 110625-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110625
5. [5]
  Meng Shan , Yongmei Yu , Mengli Sun , Shuping Yang , Mengqi Wang , Bo Zhu , Junbiao Chang . Bifunctional organocatalyst-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of hemiketals for synthesis of chiral ketals via hydrogen bonding control. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109781-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109781
6. [6]
  Shi Li , Wenshuai Zhao , Yong Qi , Wenbin Niu , Wei Ma , Bingtao Tang , Shufen Zhang . Hydrogen bonding induced ultra-highly thermal stability of azo dyes for color films. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110653-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110653
7. [7]
  Hongyuan Sha , Dongling Yang , Yanran Shang , Zujian Wang , Rongbing Su , Chao He , Xiaoming Yang , Xifa Long . Trithionic guanidine: A novel semi-organic short-wave ultraviolet nonlinear optical sulfate with dimeric heteroleptic tetrahedra. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109730-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109730
8. [8]
  Yu Zhou , Lin-Tao Jiang , Xiao-Ming Jiang , Bin-Wen Liu , Guo-Cong Guo . Mixed-anion square-pyramid [SbS₃I₂] units causing strong second-harmonic generation intensity and large birefringence. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109740-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109740
9. [9]
  Xing Cao , Xinyu Tian , Yuanyuan Huang , Liping Zhang , Yanpeng Ni , Yu-Zhong Wang . H₃PO₃-protonated chitosan enabling flame-retardant and antibacterial PVA composite films with high strength and toughness through multiple H-bonds and interlocking interfaces. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 111382-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111382
10. [10]
  Peng-Fei Li , Chun-Li Hu , Bo Zhang , Jiang-Gao Mao , Fang Kong . From HgGa₂(SeO₃)₄ to Hg₂Ga(SeO₃)₂F: The first Hg^Ⅰ-based selenite birefringent crystal triggered by linear groups and fluoride ions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 110588-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110588
11. [11]
  Weiping Guo , Ying Zhu , Hong-Hua Cui , Lingyun Li , Yan Yu , Zhong-Zhen Luo , Zhigang Zou . β-Pb₃P₂S₈: A new optical crystal with exceptional birefringence effect. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110256-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110256
12. [12]
  Matvey K. Shurikov , Yuliana A. Kolesnikova , Darya E. Votkina , Pavel A. Abramov , Taisiya S. Sukhikh , Galina V. Romanenko , Sergey L. Veber , Dmitry E. Gorbunov , Nina P. Gritsan , Giuseppe Resnati , Evgeny V. Tretyakov , Vadim Yu. Kukushkin , Pavel S. Postnikov , Pavel V. Petunin . Engineering optical anisotropy in paramagnetic organic crystals: Dichroism of nitronyl nitroxide radicals. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(9): 100653-100653. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100653
13. [13]
  Yukai Jiang , Yihan Wang , Yunkai Zhang , Yunping Wei , Ying Ma , Na Du . Characterization and Phase Diagram of Surfactant Lyotropic Liquid Crystal. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 114-118. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309033
14. [14]
  Yinghao Zhang , Ke Shao , Yihang Zhu , Haokun Zhang , Yinuo Zhuo , Huihui Bao , Yeye Ai , Yongguang Li . Unanticipated optical properties of π-conjugated cyclometalated Pt(Ⅱ) complexes for advanced information storage and anti-counterfeiting materials. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110735-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110735
15. [15]
  Songtao Cai , Liuying Wu , Yuan Li , Soham Samanta , Jinying Wang , Bing Liu , Feihu Wu , Kaitao Lai , Yingchao Liu , Junle Qu , Zhigang Yang . Intermolecular hydrogen-bonding as a robust tool toward significantly improving the photothermal conversion efficiency of a NIR-II squaraine dye. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108599-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108599
16. [16]
  Qin Wang , Han Luo , Luli Wang , Ling Huang , Liling Cao , Xuehua Dong , Guohong Zou . KSb₂F₇·2KNO₃: Unveiling the peak birefringence in inorganic antimony oxysalts. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110173-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110173
17. [17]
  Zhiwei Sun , Bingbing Wu , Xiaoli Wang , Qingran Ding , Yanqiu Zhang , Xinjie Zhou , Sinan Tan , Ming Zhong , Sangen Zhao , Junhua Luo . Enhancing birefringence and second-harmonic generation response via aliovalent metal substitution. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(2): 100790-100790. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100790
18. [18]
  Miao-Bin Xu , Qian-Qian Chen , Bing-Xuan Li , Ke-Zhao Du , Jin Chen . π-Lone pair synergy in (C₇H₄NO₄)(IO₃): Optimal balance among SHG, birefringence, and bandgap performance. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 110513-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110513
19. [19]
  Ke Xu , Shulai Lei , Panshuo Wang , Weiyi Wang , Yuan Feng , Junsheng Feng . Unraveling the microscopic origin of out of plane magnetic anisotropy in Ⅵ₃. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(8): 110257-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110257
20. [20]
  Mei Peng , Wei-Min He . Photochemical synthesis and group transfer reactions of azoxy compounds. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109899-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109899

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(96)
HTML views(0)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Address：Zhongguancun North First Street 2,100190 Beijing, PR China Tel: +86-010-82449177-888

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Return