Citation: Xiao-Yu Han, Si-Hua Liu, Su-Yun Zhang, Jian-Ke Sun. Functionally graded materials based on porous poly(ionic liquid)s: Design strategies and applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, ;2025, 44(7): 100601. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100601 shu

Functionally graded materials based on porous poly(ionic liquid)s: Design strategies and applications

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), merging the characteristics of polymers and ionic liquids, have emerged as viable options for the development of FGMs given their tunable skeleton, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with various functional materials. This review highlights the latest advancements in the design strategies of FGMs based on porous PILs, focusing on single and multi-gradient structures. Furthermore, we also highlight their emerging applications in molecular recognition, sensing, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. By exploring the interplay between porosity, ionic functionality, and gradient architecture, this review offers perspectives on the prospects of PIL-based FGMs for tackling global challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare.
- Functionally graded materials,
- Poly(ionic liquid)s,
- Membranes,
- Bio-inspired materials,
- Sensing
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