Citation: Qian Zhou, Di Zhang, Fei Wang, Yanmei Liu, Fengzhou Li, Jing Wang, Cheng Zhang, Hongshuai Hou, Suya Hu, Longze Zhao, Fengzhang Ren, Hongxia Li, Yong Liu. Emerging carbon dot-based nanomaterials for stable and dendrite-free alkali metal anodes: Applications and perspectives[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(10): 112897. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112897 shu

Emerging carbon dot-based nanomaterials for stable and dendrite-free alkali metal anodes: Applications and perspectives

Qian Zhou ^{a, b} ,
Di Zhang ^a ,
Fei Wang ^{b, *,} ,
Yanmei Liu ^a ,
Fengzhou Li ^a ,
Jing Wang ^a ,
Cheng Zhang ^{a, c} ,
Hongshuai Hou ^d ,
Suya Hu ^c ,
Longze Zhao ^c ,
Fengzhang Ren ^{a, *,} ,
Hongxia Li ^e ,
Yong Liu ^{a, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Light Superalloys, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Materials Science and Processing Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
b.
Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, China
c.
Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China
d.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
e.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories, Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China

wangf157@hhstu.edu.cn

renfz@haust.edu.cn

liuyong209@haust.edu.cn

Received Date: 4 February 2026
Revised Date: 21 April 2026
Accepted Date: 7 May 2026
Available Online: 7 May 2026

Figures(12)

Alkali metal batteries (AMBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density energy storage systems due to their high theoretical specific capacity and high output voltage. However, further application of AMBs is hindered by severe dendritic growth and large volume expansion of alkali metal anodes (AMAs) during cycling, as well as their unstable interphases. In this context, carbon dot-based nanomaterials (CDNMs), with their superior specific surface area, tunable heteroatom doping, and abundant surface functional groups, have been extensively investigated to stabilize AMAs, demonstrating remarkable potential in addressing aforementioned issues. Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm in this topic in recent years, here, we comprehensively summarize recent progress in application of CDNMs in stable and dendrite-free AMAs. First, the critical challenges of alkali metal anodes and the corresponding modification strategies in alkali metal batteries are discussed. Furthermore, the structure and properties of carbon dots (CDs) are introduced, as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and research progress of various CDs preparation methods are summarized from both the top-down and bottom-up perspectives. In addition, the relationship between fabrication methods, micro/nanostructure, and electrochemical performance are systematically summarized and discussed. Finally, in light of the current research status, the challenges and opportunities of the application of CDNMs in AMBs are proposed.
- Carbon dot-based,
- Alkali metal anodes,
- Synthesis method,
- Electrolytes,
- Electrochemical performance
1. [1]
  J. Janek, W.G. Zeier, Nat. Energy 8 (2023) 230–240. doi: 10.1038/s41560-023-01208-9
2. [2]
  K. Lin, X. Xu, X. Qin, et al., Nano-Micro Lett. 14 (2022) 149. doi: 10.1007/s40820-022-00899-1
3. [3]
  G.B. Wang, B.R. Xu, B. Zhao, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 37 (2025) 110859-110859.
4. [4]
  Y. Gao, Z. Pan, J. Sun, et al., Nano-Micro Lett. 14 (2022) 94. doi: 10.1007/s40820-022-00844-2
5. [5]
  J. Peng, D. Wu, F. Song, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2105776. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202105776
6. [6]
  H.L. Wan, J.J. Xu, C.S. Wang, Nat. Rev. Chem. 8 (2024) 30–44.
7. [7]
  M.N. He, L.G. Hector Jr., F. Dai, et al., Nat. Energy 9 (2024) 1199–1205. doi: 10.1038/s41560-024-01624-5
8. [8]
  G. Wang, C. Song, J. Huang, et al., Energy Environ. Mater. 6 (2023) e12460. doi: 10.1002/eem2.12460
9. [9]
  J. Chen, Y. Wang, S. Li, et al., Adv. Sci. 10 (2023) 2205695. doi: 10.1002/advs.202205695
10. [10]
  Y. Zhao, T.L. Ma, L. Hu, et al., J. Energy Chem. 107 (2025) 154–169. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2025.03.025
11. [11]
  B.C. Ge, L. Hu, X.L. Yu, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2400937. doi: 10.1002/adma.202400937
12. [12]
  Z. Jia, Y. Liu, H. Li, et al., J. Energy Chem. 92 (2024) 548–571. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2024.01.017
13. [13]
  H. Wang, D. Yu, C. Kuang, et al., Chem 5 (2019) 313–338. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.005
14. [14]
  J.L. Sun, Y.C. Du, Y.J. Liu, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 54 (2025) 2543–2594. doi: 10.1039/d4cs00845f
15. [15]
  L.P. Duan, Y.C. Du, Y.J. Liu, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 54 (2025) 11740–11826. doi: 10.1039/d5cs00450k
16. [16]
  Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Miao, et al., Energy Environ. Mater. 6 (2023) e12525. doi: 10.1002/eem2.12525
17. [17]
  D. Lin, Y. Liu, Y. Cui, Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 (2017) 194–206. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2017.16
18. [18]
  M. Jia, C. Zhang, Y. Guo, et al., Energy Environ. Mater. 5 (2022) 1294–1302. doi: 10.1002/eem2.12246
19. [19]
  R. Pan, R. Sun, Z. Wang, et al., Nano Energy 55 (2019) 316–326. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.11.005
20. [20]
  M. Ye, X. Jin, X. Nan, et al., Energy Storage Mater. 24 (2020) 153–159. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.08.024
21. [21]
  H. Liang, L. Wang, A. Wang, et al., Nano-Micro Lett. 15 (2023) 42. doi: 10.1007/s40820-022-00996-1
22. [22]
  W. Teng, J. Wu, Q. Liang, et al., Energy Environ. Mater. 6 (2023) e12355. doi: 10.1002/eem2.12355
23. [23]
  H. Liu, L. Xu, F. Zhu, et al., Nano Energy 126 (2024) 109623. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109623
24. [24]
  C. Ma, K. Dai, H. Hou, et al., Adv. Sci. 5 (2018) 1700996. doi: 10.1002/advs.201700996
25. [25]
  F. Zhu, L. Xu, X. Hu, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63 (2024) e202410016. doi: 10.1002/anie.202410016
26. [26]
  Z. Li, F. Liu, S. Chen, et al., Nano Energy 82 (2021) 105698. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105698
27. [27]
  L. Xu, J. Li, L. Li, et al., Small 17 (2021) 2102978. doi: 10.1002/smll.202102978
28. [28]
  L. Xu, H. Tu, F. Zhu, et al., SmartMat 3 (2022) 286–297. doi: 10.1002/smm2.1097
29. [29]
  N. Naderkhani, S. Rostami, Z. Mokhtari, et al., Polym. Adv. Technol. 35 (2024) e6319. doi: 10.1002/pat.6319
30. [30]
  V.C. Hoang, K. Dave, V.G. Gomes, Nano Energy 66 (2019) 104093. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104093
31. [31]
  A.S. Rasal, S. Yadav, A. Yadav, et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 4 (2021) 6515–6541. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.1c01372
32. [32]
  V. Manikandan, N.Y. Lee, Environ. Res. 212 (2022) 113283. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113283
33. [33]
  Y. Liu, S. Roy, S. Sarkar, et al., Carbon Energy 3 (2021) 795–826. doi: 10.1002/cey2.134
34. [34]
  M. Yi, M. Jing, Y. Yang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2400001. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202400001
35. [35]
  J.S. Wei, T.B. Song, P. Zhang, et al., Mater. Chem. Front. 4 (2020) 729–749. doi: 10.1039/c9qm00554d
36. [36]
  Z. Jiang, L. Guan, X. Xu, et al., ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 4 (2022) 5144–5164. doi: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c01152
37. [37]
  Y. Zhai, B. Zhang, R. Shi, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 12 (2022) 2103426. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202103426
38. [38]
  H. Tu, H. Liu, L. Xu, et al., Chem. Sci. 14 (2023) 12194–12204. doi: 10.1039/d3sc04606k
39. [39]
  R. Ponraj, J.H. Yun, J.E. Wang, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 433 (2022) 134380. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.134380
40. [40]
  A. Ghaffarkhah, E. Hosseini, M. Kamkar, et al., Small 18 (2022) 2102683. doi: 10.1002/smll.202102683
41. [41]
  D.Y. Cai, X. Zhong, L.Q. Xu, et al., Chem. Sci. 16 (2025) 4937–4970. doi: 10.1039/d4sc08659g
42. [42]
  Y. Liu, P.H. Zhai, F. Wang, et al., J. Electroanal. Chem. 1007 (2026) 119916. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2026.119916
43. [43]
  Y.H. Liu, F. Wang, H.B. Wang, et al., Rare Met. 44 (2025) 5957–5979. doi: 10.1007/s12598-025-03344-5
44. [44]
  J. Liu, F. Wang, H.J. Wei, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110475. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110475
45. [45]
  H. Li, D. Zhang, F. Wang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. (2025), doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112089. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112089
46. [46]
  L.L. Song, Q.X. Yang, Y. Yao, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64 (2025) e202509252. doi: 10.1002/anie.202509252
47. [47]
  F.Y. Zhai, P.Y. Yang, W.F. Zhang, et al., Rare Met. 44 (2025) 5907–5932. doi: 10.1007/s12598-025-03309-8
48. [48]
  Z.Y. Yuan, L. Chen, J.Y. Liao, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 65 (2026) e23473. doi: 10.1002/anie.202523473
49. [49]
  X.H. Ma, J.H. Zhao, R.J. Jiao, et al., Rare Met. 44 (2025) 4801–4814. doi: 10.1007/s12598-025-03315-w
50. [50]
  H.Y. Liu, J.J. Long, H. Yu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 109712. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109712
51. [51]
  W. Liu, T. Xie, X. Wang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2410843. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202410843
52. [52]
  W.C. Wang, Y.H. Song, G.D. Yang, et al., Small 19 (2023) 2206597. doi: 10.1002/smll.202206597
53. [53]
  M.M. Su, Y.F. Chen, S.Q. Wang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107553. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.067
54. [54]
  W. Zeng, X.J. Zhang, C.Y. Yang, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 412 (2021) 128661. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.128661
55. [55]
  L. Qin, Y. Lei, H.W. Wang, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 9 (2019) 1901427. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901427
56. [56]
  T. Wei, Y.Y. Zhou, C. Sun, et al., Nano Res. 17 (2024) 2763–2769. doi: 10.1007/s12274-023-6187-8
57. [57]
  L. Hu, J.J. Deng, Q.H. Liang, et al., EcoMat 5 (2023) e12269. doi: 10.1002/eom2.12269
58. [58]
  S.J. Chen, C. Pan, Q.L. Wang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2409812. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202409812
59. [59]
  Y. Sun, J.C. Li, S. Xu, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2311687. doi: 10.1002/adma.202311687
60. [60]
  T.Y. Wang, X. Liu, S.F. Huang, et al., Nano Energy 129 (2024) 109970. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109970
61. [61]
  S. Li, M. Jiang, Y. Xie, et al., Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) 1706375. doi: 10.1002/adma.201706375
62. [62]
  J. Li, Z. Kong, X. Liu, et al., InfoMat 3 (2021) 1333–1363. doi: 10.1002/inf2.12189
63. [63]
  S. Qi, J. Liu, J. He, et al., J. Energy Chem. 63 (2021) 270–277. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.05.040
64. [64]
  X. Lu, Y. Wang, X. Xu, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 13 (2023) 2301746. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202301746
65. [65]
  Z.X. Liu, S.H. Ha, Y. Liu, et al., J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 133 (2023) 165–182. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.06.015
66. [66]
  Y. Su, F. Xu, X. Zhang, et al., Nano-Micro Lett. 15 (2023) 82. doi: 10.3724/j.issn.1671-4342.20230081
67. [67]
  Y. Zhang, C. Zhu, S. Bai, et al., Energy Fuels 37 (2023) 7014–7041. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c00678
68. [68]
  L. Ai, R. Shi, J. Yang, et al., Small 17 (2021) 2007523. doi: 10.1002/smll.202007523
69. [69]
  K.J. Lagos, D. Garcia, C.F. Cuadrado, et al., WIREs Nanomed. Nanobi. 15 (2023) e1887. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1887
70. [70]
  C. Xia, S. Zhu, T. Feng, et al., Adv. Sci. 6 (2019) 1901316. doi: 10.1002/advs.201901316
71. [71]
  C. Hu, M. Li, J. Qiu, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. 48 (2019) 2315–2337. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00750k
72. [72]
  A. Khayal, V. Dawane, M.A. Amin, et al., Polymers 13 (2021) 3190. doi: 10.3390/polym13183190
73. [73]
  Q. Xu, H. Cai, W. Li, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 10 (2022) 14709–14731. doi: 10.1039/d2ta02628g
74. [74]
  S. Perumal, R. Atchudan, T.N.J.I. Edison, et al., J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9 (2021) 105802. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105802
75. [75]
  Y. Liu, Y.J. Miao, F. Wang, et al., Rare Met. 45 (2026) e70164. doi: 10.1002/rar2.70164
76. [76]
  H. Liu, Y. Ye, F. Zhu, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63 (2024) e202409044. doi: 10.1002/anie.202409044
77. [77]
  X. Xu, R. Ray, Y. Gu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 12736–12737. doi: 10.1021/ja040082h
78. [78]
  W. Liu, M. Li, G. Jiang, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 10 (2020) 2001275. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202001275
79. [79]
  L. Komalavalli, P. Amutha, S. Monisha, Mater. Today: Proc. 33 (2020) 2279–2285. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.195
80. [80]
  W. Liu, M. Zhang, M. Li, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 10 (2020) 1903724. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201903724
81. [81]
  N. Biazar, R. Poursalehi, H. Delavari, et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1920 (2018) 020033. doi: 10.1063/1.5018965
82. [82]
  F.J. Chao Mujica, L. Garcia Hernández, S. Camacho López, et al., J. Appl. Phys. 129 (2021) 163301. doi: 10.1063/5.0040322
83. [83]
  D. Reyes, M. Camacho, M. Camacho, et al., Nanoscale Res. Lett. 11 (2016) 424. doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1638-8
84. [84]
  L. Cui, X. Ren, J. Wang, et al., Mater. Today Nano 12 (2020) 100091. doi: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2020.100091
85. [85]
  R.B. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, L.T. Gonzalez, M. Madou, et al., Nanomaterials 12 (2022) 298. doi: 10.3390/nano12030298
86. [86]
  L. Nilewski, K. Mendoza, A.S. Jalilov, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 16815–16821. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b01082
87. [87]
  M. He, X. Guo, J. Huang, et al., Carbon 140 (2018) 508–520. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2018.08.067
88. [88]
  Y. Fu, G. Gao, J. Zhi, J. Mater. Chem. B 7 (2019) 1494–1502. doi: 10.1039/c8tb03103g
89. [89]
  Y. Li, J. Yang, L. Sun, et al., Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 253 (2023) 127290. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127290
90. [90]
  T.S. John, P.K. Yadav, D. Kumar, et al., Luminescence 35 (2020) 913–923. doi: 10.1002/bio.3801
91. [91]
  Y. Zhang, K. Li, S. Ren, et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7 (2019) 9793–9799. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06792
92. [92]
  J. Wen, M. Li, J. Xiao, et al., Mater. Today Commun. 8 (2016) 127–133. doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2016.07.006
93. [93]
  H. Shahba, M. Sabet, J. Fluoresc. 30 (2020) 927–938. doi: 10.1007/s10895-020-02562-7
94. [94]
  L. Ge, G. Hu, B. Shi, et al., Appl. Phys. A 125 (2019) 1–9.
95. [95]
  S. Li, L. Li, H. Tu, et al., Mater. Today 51 (2021) 188–207. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.07.028
96. [96]
  T.C. Wareing, P. Gentile, A.N. Phan, ACS Nano 15 (2021) 15471–15501. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03886
97. [97]
  Q.W. Liu, J.H. Sun, K. Gao, et al., Mater. Chem. Front. 4 (2020) 421–436. doi: 10.1039/c9qm00553f
98. [98]
  S. Campuzano, P. Yanez-Sedeno, J.M. Pingarron, Nanomaterials 9 (2019) 634. doi: 10.3390/nano9040634
99. [99]
  L. Hernández-Tabares, J.G. Darias-González, J. Arteche-Díaz, et al., Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9 (2018) 035002. doi: 10.1088/2043-6254/aad1a6
100. [100]
  E. Umar, M. Ikram, J. Haider, et al., Sustainable Mater. Technol. 35 (2023) e00529. doi: 10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00529
101. [101]
  B. -X. Zhang, H. Gao, X.L. Li, New J. Chem. 38 (2014) 4615–4621. doi: 10.1039/C4NJ00965G
102. [102]
  H. Liu, X. Zhong, Q. Pan, et al., Coord. Chem. Rev. 498 (2024) 215468. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215468
103. [103]
  G. Jeong, C.H. Park, D. Yi, et al., J. Clean. Prod. 392 (2023) 136250. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136250
104. [104]
  L. Ma, L. Jiang, X. Li, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 445 (2022) 136618. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136618
105. [105]
  X. Feng, Y. Zhang, RSC Adv. 9 (2019) 33789–33793. doi: 10.1039/c9ra06946a
106. [106]
  K. Kakaei, S. Khodadoost, M. Gholipour, et al., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 148 (2021) 109753. doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109753
107. [107]
  P. Tian, L. Tang, K.S. Teng, et al., Mater. Today Chem. 10 (2018) 221–258. doi: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.09.007
108. [108]
  J. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. Tang, et al., Microchim. Acta 184 (2017) 343–368. doi: 10.1007/s00604-016-2043-9
109. [109]
  R. Puttaswamy, R.K. Pai, D. Ghosh, J. Mater. Chem. A 1 (2022) 508–553. doi: 10.1039/d1ta06747h
110. [110]
  J.Y. Liao, X.R. Sheng, Z.Y. Yuan, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64 (2025) e202516467. doi: 10.1002/anie.202516467
111. [111]
  X.T. Zhu, B. Cao, C. Yan, et al., Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 41 (2025) 100096. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100096
112. [112]
  Z.H. Huang, J.S. Wei, T.B. Song, et al., SmartMat 3 (2022) 323–336. doi: 10.1002/smm2.1121
113. [113]
  D. Qu, M. Zheng, P. Du, et al., Nanoscale 5 (2013) 12272–12277. doi: 10.1039/c3nr04402e
114. [114]
  H. Zhu, X. Wang, Y. Li, et al., Chem. Commun. 34 (2009) 5118–5120. doi: 10.1039/b907612c
115. [115]
  I. Costas-Mora, V. Romero, I. Lavilla, et al., Anal. Chem. 86 (2014) 4536–4543. doi: 10.1021/ac500517h
116. [116]
  A.B. Bourlinos, A.K. Rathi, M.B. Gawande, et al., Appl. Mater. Today 7 (2017) 179–184. doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2017.03.002
117. [117]
  R. Liu, D. Wu, S. Liu, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (2009) 4598–4601. doi: 10.1002/anie.200900652
118. [118]
  R. Xiong, X. Zhang, M. Krecker, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59 (2020) 20167–20173. doi: 10.1002/anie.202008748
119. [119]
  J. Kim, J.S. Suh, ACS Nano 8 (2014) 4190–4196. doi: 10.1021/nn404180w
120. [120]
  C.X. Li, C. Yu, C.F. Wang, et al., J. Mater. Sci. 48 (2013) 6307–6311. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7430-6
121. [121]
  J. Wang, C.F. Wang, S. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (2012) 9297–9301. doi: 10.1002/anie.201204381
122. [122]
  L. Li, Y. Li, Y. Ye, et al., ACS Nano 15 (2021) 6872–6885. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10624
123. [123]
  H. Liu, L. Xu, H. Tu, et al., Small 19 (2023) 2301275. . doi: 10.1002/smll.202301275
124. [124]
  B.Y. Qin, M.Q. Wang, S.M. Wu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 108921. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108921
125. [125]
  Z. Yan, W. Su, W. Xu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110217. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110217
126. [126]
  Y.M. Chen, S.T. Hsu, Y.H. Tseng, et al., Small 14 (2018) 1703571. doi: 10.1002/smll.201703571
127. [127]
  D. Hong, Y. Choi, J. Ryu, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 7 (2019) 2325–2334.
128. [128]
  C. Yang, K. Fu, Y. Zhang, et al., Adv. Mater. 29 (2017) 1701169. doi: 10.1002/adma.201701169
129. [129]
  Y.M. Gao, Y. Liu, K.J. Feng, et al., Rare Met. 43 (2024) 1–19. doi: 10.1007/s12598-023-02424-8
130. [130]
  F.F. Sead, J. Makasana, S.K. Saraswat, et al., Mater. Technol. 40 (2025) 2500524. doi: 10.1080/10667857.2025.2500524
131. [131]
  D. Zhou, D. Shanmukaraj, A. Tkacheva, et al., Chem 5 (2019) 2326–2352. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.05.009
132. [132]
  J. Chen, J. Wu, X. Wang, et al., Energy Storage Mater. 35 (2021) 70–87. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.11.017
133. [133]
  Z. Li, J. Fu, X. Zhou, et al., Adv. Sci. 10 (2023) 2201718. doi: 10.1002/advs.202201718
134. [134]
  X. Liu, L. Sun, F. Zhai, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 15 (2025) 2405433. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202405433
135. [135]
  H. Zhang, G.G. Eshetu, X. Judez, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57 (2018) 15002–15027. doi: 10.1002/anie.201712702
136. [136]
  H.C. Lim, M.C. Kim, A. Kim, et al., Batter. Supercaps 5 (2022) e202100337. doi: 10.1002/batt.202100337
137. [137]
  Q. Wang, L. Jiang, Y. Yu, et al., Nano Energy 55 (2019) 93–114. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.10.035
138. [138]
  M.D. Tikekar, S. Choudhury, Z. Tu, et al., Nat. Energy 1 (2016) 16114. doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.114
139. [139]
  J.L. Schaefer, D.A. Yanga, L.A. Archer, Chem. Mater. 25 (2013) 834–839. doi: 10.1021/cm303091j
140. [140]
  Y. Lu, M. Tikekar, R. Mohanty, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 5 (2015) 1402073. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201402073
141. [141]
  F. Zhu, H. Liu, B. Zhang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 35 (2025) 2507998. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202507998
142. [142]
  Z. Yang, Q. -L. Kang, R. Wang, et al., Rare Met. 43 (2024) 4777–4806. doi: 10.1007/s12598-024-02730-9
143. [143]
  S.B. Wei, Y.J. He, Y. Tang, et al., Rare Met. 43 (2024) 5701–5711. doi: 10.1007/s12598-024-02819-1
144. [144]
  J.I. Lee, S. Cho, S.H. Kim, et al., Energy Storage Mater. 75 (2025) 104023. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104023
145. [145]
  Y. Liu, W. Han, L. Wang, et al., Chem. Eng. Sci. 309 (2025) 121388. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2025.121388
146. [146]
  R.T. Guo, L. Li, B.W. Wang, et al., Energy Storage Mater. 37 (2021) 8–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.01.020
147. [147]
  S. Baek, T. Jung, S. Jie, et al., Int. J. Energy Res. 2023 (2023) 6680001.
148. [148]
  X.H. Wang, J.Y. Lu, Y.H. Wu, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2311256. doi: 10.1002/adma.202311256
149. [149]
  H. Liu, F. Zhu, Y. Zhang, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 64 (2025) e202505230. doi: 10.1002/anie.202505230
150. [150]
  L. Xu, S. Li, H. Tu, et al., ACS Nano 17 (2023) 22082–22094. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08935
1. [1]
  Yueheng Yu , Wanjie Gao , Yi Peng , Yuhan Lu , Jiarui He , Yuping Wu . Advanced electrolytes toward high-performance sodium secondary batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(8): 111309-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111309
2. [2]
  Mengyao Gao , Shan Sun , Hengwei Lin , Cheng Yang . A multifunctional carbon dot-based nanoplatform for antibacterial therapy: Integrating photodynamic, photothermal, and gas treatments. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111055-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111055
3. [3]
  Ke Liu , Yujie Guo , Boyuan Liu , Yanjia Zhang , Yingjie Zhang , Xunzhu Zhou , Xingqiao Wu , Jie Xiao , Lin Li , Xiaoyuan Zeng . Achieving superior sodium storage performance of brown coal-derived hard carbon by pre-oxidation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(7): 111156-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111156
4. [4]
  Yifei Pei , Yong Liu , Chunyang Kong , Zhihui Jia , Kaijia Feng , Yibo Xing , Mingliang He , Xiujie Gao , Ruxia Liu , Xianming Liu , Kunming Pan , Qiaobao Zhang . Graphene-based composites as the cathodes for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries: Applications and perspectives. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(4): 110726-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110726
5. [5]
  Guoliang Gao , Guangzhen Zhao , Guang Zhu , Bowen Sun , Zixu Sun , Shunli Li , Ya-Qian Lan . Recent advancements in noble-metal electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109557-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109557
6. [6]
  Sajid Mahmood , Haiyan Wang , Fang Chen , Yijun Zhong , Yong Hu . Recent progress and prospects of electrolytes for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction toward ammonia. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108550-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108550
7. [7]
  Kailong Zhang , Chao Zhang , Luanhui Wu , Qidong Yang , Jiadong Zhang , Guang Hu , Liang Song , Gaoran Li , Wenlong Cai . Chloride molten salt derived attapulgite with ground-breaking electrochemical performance. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109618-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109618
8. [8]
  Hongyu Tang , Dongming Liu , Jinfu Huang , Liang Zhang , Yang Tang , Bin Huang , Yanwei Li , Shunhua Xiao , Yiling Sun , Renheng Wang . Excellent structural stability and electrochemical properties of LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂ material by surface Ni²⁺ anchoring and Cs⁺ doping. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 109987-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109987
9. [9]
  Le Li , Shaofeng Jia , Shi Yue , Yuanyuan Yang , Chao Tan , Conghui Wang , Hengwei Qiu , Yongqiang Ji , Minghui Cao , Zige Tai , Dan Zhang . Vanadium doping inhibit the Jahn−Teller effect of Mn³⁺ for high-performance aqueous zinc ion battery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(10): 111009-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111009
10. [10]
  Liang Ming , Dan Liu , Qiyue Luo , Chaochao Wei , Chen Liu , Ziling Jiang , Zhongkai Wu , Lin Li , Long Zhang , Shijie Cheng , Chuang Yu . Si-doped Li₆PS₅I with enhanced conductivity enables superior performance for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109387-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109387
11. [11]
  Jing Liu , Fei Wang , Huijie Wei , Yong Liu , Xiaoliang Zhai , Sifan Wen , Qiaobao Zhang . Fabrication and application of binder-free cathodes in high-performance lithium-chalcogen (S, Se, Te) batteries: A review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 110475-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110475
12. [12]
  Qiong Su , Chao Hu , Sichan Li , Wenjun Huang , Jianyu Dong , Ren Song , Lan Xu , Guozhao Fang . Sodium-ion batteries at low temperature: Storage mechanism and modification strategies. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 111267-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111267
13. [13]
  Tingting Du , Siyu Lu , Dong Wang , Jian Zhang , Jixiang Chen . Recent advances of imidazole derivatives in pesticide chemistry. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(7): 112280-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112280
14. [14]
  Ya Han , Kejun Jin , Tingyu Zhao , Yingjian Yu . Recent advances in solid-state zinc-air and zinc-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(9): 111387-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111387
15. [15]
  Qiao Wang , Ziling Jiang , Chuang Yu , Liping Li , Guangshe Li . Research progress of inorganic sodium ion conductors for solid-state batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110006-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110006
16. [16]
  Ziling Jiang , Chen Liu , Jie Yang , Xia Li , Chaochao Wei , Qiyue Luo , Zhongkai Wu , Lin Li , Liping Li , Shijie Cheng , Chuang Yu . Designing F-doped Li₃InCl₆ electrolyte with enhanced stability for all-solid-state lithium batteries in a wide voltage window. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 109741-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109741
17. [17]
  Guangbin Wang , Binrui Xu , Bo Zhao , Yifei Pei , Haoming Li , Wanhong Zhang , Yong Liu . Alkaline lysine additive enables highly stable Zn anode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(5): 110859-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110859
18. [18]
  Xiaosa Zhang , Shanghao Zhou , Xiaomin Chen , Xu Xu , Xiaoyan Shi , Zhiming Zhou , Yun Wan , Xinhui Zeng , Xunzhu Zhou , Xiang Chen , Shu-Lei Chou , Lin Li . Organic liquid electrolyte for low-temperature sodium-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 111533-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111533
19. [19]
  Xin Xia , Zhong-Qi Zhang , Qing Wen , Pei-Yao Li , Ding-Hao Le , Zhen-Yu Wang , Pan-Pan Dong , Guo-Dong Ren , Jun-Chao Zheng . Metal-organic-framework-based solid-state electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries: Recent advances and prospects. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 111653-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111653
20. [20]
  Mengya Ge , Zijie Zhou , Huaiyang Zhu , Ying Wang , Chao Wang , Chao Lai , Qinghong Wang . Multifunctional gel electrolytes for high-performance zinc metal batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110121-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110121

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(4)
HTML views(0)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142