Citation: Xing-Shi Liu, Cheng Yuan, Feng-Zao Chen, Yuan-Cheng Zhu, Jin Hu, Yazhou Wang, Hui-Min Jia, Wei-Wei Zhao. An organic photoelectrochemical transistor biosensor mimicking visual nociceptive system with self-adaptability[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(11): 112702. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112702 shu

An organic photoelectrochemical transistor biosensor mimicking visual nociceptive system with self-adaptability

Xing-Shi Liu ^{a, 1} ,
Cheng Yuan ^{a, 1} ,
Feng-Zao Chen ^{b, *,} ,
Yuan-Cheng Zhu ^a ,
Jin Hu ^{c, *,} ,
Yazhou Wang ^d ,
Hui-Min Jia ^e ,
Wei-Wei Zhao ^{a, b, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
b.
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Development for Central Nervous System Diseases, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
c.
Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
d.
Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
e.
Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China

chenfengzao@tzc.edu.cn

jaspar.hu@polyu.edu.hk

zww@nju.edu.cn

Received Date: 30 October 2025
Revised Date: 31 January 2026
Accepted Date: 31 March 2026
Available Online: 1 April 2026

Figures(6)

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor is now reshaping neuromorphic optoelectronics as it innovates in chemically synaptic transmission in aqueous media. Herein we report on the first OPECT biosensor capable of mimicking visual nociceptive system (VNS) based on synergizing neurotransmitter (glutamate, Glu) biosensing with chemically synaptic transmission, demonstrating hardware implementation of VNS with Glu-dependent neuromorphic functions and feedback actuation of artificial pupil. In contrast to previous studies, this work reveals that artificial nociceptive systems can be incorporated with endogenous biochemical mechanisms to bridge the gap between classic solid-state nociceptive electronics and biological systems, forging smoother interfaces between them.
- Photoelectrochemical transistor,
- Visual nociceptive system,
- Glutamate sensing,
- Aqueous media,
- Self-adaptability
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