Citation: Junjie Wen, Dantong Chen, Hongli Cao, Xue Li, Ying Qin, Cheng Yang, Wanhua Wu. Recent advances in annihilator design and assembly for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(10): 112696. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112696 shu

Recent advances in annihilator design and assembly for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion

Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

yangchengyc@scu.edu.cn

wuwanhua@scu.edu.cn

Received Date: 26 November 2025
Revised Date: 20 March 2026
Accepted Date: 30 March 2026
Available Online: 31 March 2026

Figures(18)

Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC), a process capable of converting low-energy photons into higher-energy light, has garnered significant interest for applications in photovoltaics, bioimaging, and photopolymerization. This phenomenon relies on the concerted interaction between a sensitizer (energy donor) and an annihilator (energy acceptor). While considerable research has been devoted to developing diverse molecular derivatives of photosensitizers with tailored photophysical properties, the deliberate structural design of annihilators has remained relatively underexplored. However, in molecular diffusion-limited systems, such as in solid-state matrices, rational annihilator design becomes crucial. This review summarizes recent advances in the structural design of triplet annihilators for TTA-UC systems. We categorize these emerging annihilators into three groups based on their design principles: (1) Multichromophoric annihilators engineered for intramolecular TTA, (2) supramolecular macrocycle-based annihilators that enhance both triplet-triplet energy transfer and TTA processes, and (3) annihilators designed with ordered molecular arrangements to achieve efficient TTA-UC in diffusion-limited environments.
- Upconversion,
- Annihilators,
- Multichromophoric,
- Macrocyclic,
- Orderly arranging
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142