Citation: Jie Hou, Bin Liu, Wenjing Zheng, Yaling Wang, Guangqun Cao, Shengliang Hu. Advancements in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(9): 112689. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112689 shu

Advancements in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia

School of Energy and Power Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-Mining, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China

liubin@nuc.edu.cn

wenjingzheng@nuc.edu.cn

Received Date: 24 December 2025
Revised Date: 17 March 2026
Accepted Date: 26 March 2026
Available Online: 27 March 2026

Figures(13)

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is widely regarded as a promising sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. In recent years, a large number of studies have focused on enhancing key NRR performance metrics, particularly Faradaic efficiency and ammonia (NH₃) yield rate, leading to notable progress in both areas. Despite these advances, the development of low-cost, high-performance electrocatalysts remains the primary challenge and a major bottleneck to large-scale industrial application. This review summarizes the current understanding of NRR mechanisms and reaction pathways, as well as recent progress in electrochemical cell design, quantitative NH₃ detection strategies, and electrocatalyst development. Focusing on electrocatalysts, we provide an overview of the major classes of electrocatalysts including noble metals, transition metals, single-atom systems, metal-organic frameworks, and non-metallic materials. Furthermore, we compare their respective advantages and limitations. Finally, we outline the key challenges and future directions for engineering next-generation electrocatalysts capable of achieving high-efficiency nitrogen fixation.
- Electrocatalysis,
- Nitrogen reduction reaction,
- Catalyst,
- Catalytic mechanisms,
- Detection methods
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142