Citation: Yifan Sun, Jie Luo, Chao Zhong, Qifang He, Feng Gao, Jia Chen, Hongdeng Qiu. Recent advances and challenges in covalent organic frameworks for rare earth separation[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(11): 112630. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112630 shu

Recent advances and challenges in covalent organic frameworks for rare earth separation

Yifan Sun ^{a, 1} ,
Jie Luo ^{a, 1} ,
Chao Zhong ^a ,
Qifang He ^a ,
Feng Gao ^a ,
Jia Chen ^{b, *,} ,
Hongdeng Qiu ^{a, b, *,}

a.
Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
b.
CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

jiachen@licp.cas.cn

hdqiu@gia.cas.cn

Received Date: 16 February 2026
Revised Date: 15 March 2026
Accepted Date: 16 March 2026
Available Online: 17 March 2026

Figures(6)

Rare earth elements (REEs) play an irreplaceable role in advanced fields such as electronics, optics and nuclear energy, giving rise to unprecedented global demand. but their similar atomic structures, ionic radii and intimate paragenesis in minerals make their purification and separation extremely challenging. Traditional REE separation materials, including organic extractants and inorganic adsorbents, are limited by poor selectivity, insufficient stability and difficulty in recycling, failing to meet the demand for efficient and green separation. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a class of crystalline porous materials connected by covalent bonds, have attracted extensive attention due to their precisely designable pore structures, high-density tunable active sites, excellent chemical stability and good structural modifiability. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of COFs for REE separation, and their unique structural advantages enable them to realize selective capture and separation of REEs through multiple synergistic mechanisms. This review outlines the design principles and synthetic strategies for chemically stable COFs and highlights recent advances in their application for efficient REE recovery. Key performance indicators such as adsorption capacity, recovery efficiency, and selectivity as well as critical influencing factors are systematically summarized. The mechanisms underlying COFs mediated REE separation are also critically examined. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, offering insights to guide the rational design, development, and industrial deployment of COFs for sustainable REE separation and recovery.
- Rare earth elements,
- Separation,
- Covalent organic frameworks,
- Synthesis strategy,
- Separation mechanism
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142