Citation: Chao Liu, Yuan Jiao, Chunfan Yang, Xiaona Liu, Bo Li, Xuewen Miao, Wenjun Li, Lihong Hao, Tianwei Qian, Wen Liu. A review of analytical techniques and mechanisms for rapid detection of micro/nano plastics: Implications and new insights into current micro/nano plastics pollution[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(10): 112522. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112522 shu

A review of analytical techniques and mechanisms for rapid detection of micro/nano plastics: Implications and new insights into current micro/nano plastics pollution

Chao Liu ^{a, b} ,
Yuan Jiao ^{a, c} ,
Chunfan Yang ^a ,
Xiaona Liu ^{a, b} ,
Bo Li ^{a, b} ,
Xuewen Miao ^a ,
Wenjun Li ^d ,
Lihong Hao ^{a, e} ,
Tianwei Qian ^{a, b, *,} ,
Wen Liu ^{b, f, g, *,}

a.
College of Environment and Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecological Security in Fenhe River Basin, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Low Carbon Remediation for Water and Soil Pollution in Yellow River Basin, Jinzhong 030600, China
b.
College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China
c.
Wanli Energy Technology Development Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
d.
Shanxi Transportation Holding Ecological Environment Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, China
e.
China Energy Engineering Group Shanxi Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030001, China
f.
College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
g.
Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China

qiantianwei@tyut.edu.cn

wen.liu@pku.edu.cn

Received Date: 15 September 2025
Revised Date: 9 December 2025
Accepted Date: 11 February 2026
Available Online: 12 February 2026

Figures(7)

Micro/nano plastics as an emerging contaminant have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. However, a variety of detection methods have been derived based on the properties of micro/nano plastics, such as micro-infrared spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry, optical-photothermal infrared. Compared with spectroscopy and mass spectrometry detection methods, many new detection methods have emerged with the advantages of low cost, high speed, and high sensitivity. But the detection process often only reflects part of the properties of micro/nano plastics, which limits our comprehensive understanding of the environmental behaviors of micro/nano plastics such as carrying contamination and interfacial properties. In this review, we critically summarize the existing literature on traditional and rapid detection methods, focusing on their current research status, applicability conditions, detection limits, and mechanisms. We emphasize that weathering behavior, migration behavior, deposition, adhesion, and adsorption of micro/nano plastics in the environment will change the physicochemical properties of micro/nano plastics, which will have an impact on current rapid detection and analysis methods. Rapid detection and analysis methods require consideration of the interfacial evolution behavior of micro/nano plastics in the environment to enhance the universality of their application. In addition, rapid detection methods are complementary to traditional standardized detection methods. After understanding the types of micro/nano plastics, we are more concerned about the quantity, dispersion behavior, carrying contamination, and interfacial properties in the environment. These properties are crucial for the environmental assessment and prevention of micro/nano plastics. It is recommended that further comprehensive research be conducted based on the optical and interfacial properties of micro/nano plastics, combined with machine learning and computer modeling, to provide a reliable basis for micro/nano plastic research.
- Microplastics,
- Nanoplastics,
- Detection mechanism,
- Rapid detection,
- Interfacial properties,
- Environmental behavior
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142