Citation: Xue Zhang, Zixuan Zhang, Zongyang Ya, Shengbo Zhang, Hua Wang. Surface and interfacial engineering in photocatalytic water splitting: Catalyst design strategies and mechanisms[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(9): 112456. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112456 shu

Surface and interfacial engineering in photocatalytic water splitting: Catalyst design strategies and mechanisms

Xue Zhang ^{a, 1} ,
Zixuan Zhang ^{b, 1} ,
Zongyang Ya ^{b, 1} ,
Shengbo Zhang ^{c, *,} ,
Hua Wang ^{b, *,}

a.
College of Medical Imaging, Qilu Medical University, Zibo 255300, China
b.
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
c.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China

shengbozhang@tju.edu.cn

tjuwanghua@tju.edu.cn

Received Date: 16 December 2025
Revised Date: 19 January 2026
Accepted Date: 23 January 2026
Available Online: 23 January 2026

Figures(8)

Photocatalytic water splitting provides a sustainable approach for converting solar energy into H₂. Surface and interfacial engineering has become crucial strategies for enhancing photochemical efficiency and optimizing active sites. This review outlines several primary design strategies, including heteroatom doping (encompassing nonmetal and metal atomic doping), functional group modification, defect engineering, and heterostructure construction. These strategies aim to improve charge separation and surface reaction efficiency. The mechanistic roles of these strategies in metal oxides, sulfides, and carbon nitrides are discussed in terms of band structure tuning, the formation of electron transport pathways, and the modulation of intermediate adsorption energetics. The review examines the synergistic effects of these strategies in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency, stability, and environmental adaptability. Finally, we address future challenges, including interfacial structural stability, in situ characterization of reaction dynamics, and potential applications in sustainable energy systems. We believe that this review will provide insights into developing high-performance photocatalysts for water splitting.
- Photocatalytic water splitting,
- Surface and interfacial engineering,
- Heteroatom doping,
- Functional group modification,
- Heterostructure construction
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142