Citation: Zhaoying Li, Wanlong Zhao, Chenyu Yang, Yingnan Duan, Xianghao Zha, Zhurui Shen. Parametric study of hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae for bio-oil production upgrading: A review[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(9): 112441. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112441 shu

Parametric study of hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae for bio-oil production upgrading: A review

Zhaoying Li ^{a, b} ,
Wanlong Zhao ^b ,
Chenyu Yang ^b ,
Yingnan Duan ^c ,
Xianghao Zha ^{a, *,} ,
Zhurui Shen ^{a, c, *,}

a.
Xinjiang Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology and Engineering Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
b.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
c.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China

zhaxianghao@163.com

shenzhurui@nankai.edu.cn

Received Date: 22 August 2025
Revised Date: 15 January 2026
Accepted Date: 21 January 2026
Available Online: 22 January 2026

Figures(4)

Macroalgae, as the third-generation biomass energy source, is considered the most promising form of renewable energy to replace fossil-based energy resources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a low-carbon conversion technology that transforms macroalgae into liquid biofuels by decomposing and converting macroalgal biomass. This review, based on a summary of recent literature, first outlines the environmental risks associated with macroalgae blooms and highlights the benefits of utilizing hydrothermal liquefaction technology for macroalgae treatment. Subsequently, it elaborates on the key factors influencing the hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae, including reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst type, and solution conditions. The results indicate that bio-oil production and consumption occur concurrently during the hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae. As reaction temperature and time increase, the bio-oil yield exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the reaction temperature is excessively high or the reaction time is prolonged, the bio-oil consuming reactions gradually dominate, resulting in reduced bio-oil yields. Compared to homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts have garnered greater attention due to their superior catalytic performance and recyclability. The findings demonstrate that mixed solutions are more conducive to bio-oil production than aqueous solutions. Furthermore, this review examines the latest advancements in hydrothermal liquefaction technologies, as well as the elemental migration occurring during the process. The current challenges associated with bio-oils include their high production costs and complex compositions, necessitating further investigation and forming the cornerstone of future research endeavors.
- Macroalgae,
- Hydrothermal liquefaction,
- Bio-oil,
- Reaction conditions,
- Elemental migration
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142