Citation: Fanyun Chen, Zhen Liu, Qingwei Wang, Qingshan Gao, Zhicheng Dong, Chen Tian, Liyuan Chai, Zhang Lin. Impact of Earth’s surface sulfur cycle caused by human industrial activities[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(8): 112352. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112352 shu

Impact of Earth’s surface sulfur cycle caused by human industrial activities

Fanyun Chen ^{a, b} ,
Zhen Liu ^{a, b} ,
Qingwei Wang ^{a, b} ,
Qingshan Gao ^{a, b} ,
Zhicheng Dong ^{a, b} ,
Chen Tian ^{a, b, c, *,} ,
Liyuan Chai ^{a, b} ,
Zhang Lin ^{a, b}

a.
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
b.
Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
c.
School of Future Membrane Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China

birdytc@hotmail.com

Received Date: 24 August 2025
Revised Date: 8 December 2025
Accepted Date: 30 December 2025
Available Online: 31 December 2025

Figures(6)

Sulfur is a key element in global biogeochemical cycles, participating in the energy exchange among the terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric systems. In the early days, the natural sulfur cycle maintained an input-output balance. However, the rapid expansion of industrial activities has disrupted this equilibrium by altering sulfur species conversion pathways and flux distributions. This has led us to have to explore new sulfur balance states to reduce the impact on the ecological environment. So far, researchers have conducted a series of studies on the modern sulfur cycle, but these findings have not yet been systematically organized. This review systematically examines the sulfur cycle from integrated natural and anthropogenic perspectives. Among them, the natural sulfur cycle encompasses the terrestrial, marine and atmospheric systems of the Earth, focusing on sulfur species, transformation and circulation flux. Furthermore, the investigation of the industrial metabolic process of sulfur has revealed that human activities have disrupted the balance of the Earth’s sulfur cycle, leading to resource depletion and environmental degradation. To mitigate these effects, advancing intra-industrial sulfur recycling strategies is critical for reducing primary resource consumption and waste emissions. This review provided a foundational framework for achieving sustainable sulfur utilization and restoring global sulfur balance.
- Sulfur resources,
- Natural cycle,
- Industrial cycle,
- Human industrial activities,
- Imbalance
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142