Citation: Nadia Tahir, Tayyaba Najam, Muhammad Altaf Nazir, Ayesha Arif, Ayman Nafady, Manzar Sohail, Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah. Metal-organic frameworks: Nanomachines for efficient water purification[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(8): 112326. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112326 shu

Metal-organic frameworks: Nanomachines for efficient water purification

a.
Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
b.
Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
c.
Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

shoaib.ahmad@sns.nust.edu.pk

Received Date: 27 August 2025
Revised Date: 15 December 2025
Accepted Date: 25 December 2025
Available Online: 27 December 2025

Figures(8)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanomachines (MNMs) merge high surface area, porosity, and the tunability of MOFs with mobility and intelligence of smart nanomachines. This review provides comprehensive overview of synthesis and post synthetic modifications for MOF tailored for water purification. Further MOF transformation into nanorobots has been elucidated, relating MNM shapes to their functionality. Propulsion modes: Both chemical and physical are also critically evaluated, and research gaps have been explored. For the environmental applications of MNMs, mechanisms of working, ability to remove metal ions, organic pollutants and dyes, sensing and disinfection have been explored. Future potential for the use of MNMs under harsh water conditions has also been discussed. Finally, the review identifies toxicological concerns related to long-term MNMs, research gaps and future challenges, giving a road map for future research, suggesting use of computational chemistry (artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)) for effective purposes. By bringing synthesis, PSM, transformation, structural engineering at one place and relating them with propulsion mechanisms as well as with environmental applications of MNMs, this review will act as foundational reference for researchers working to fabricate MNMs for sustainable water treatment.
- Metal organic frameworks,
- MOF nanomachines,
- Nanomotors,
- Water treatment,
- Self-propelled MOFS
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142