Citation: Lewa Zhang, Quan Zhou, Chenyuan Zhu, Yizhao Li, Shihan Zhang, Fan Dong. Rational Cu-based catalyst and electrolyte design for electrochemical nitrate reduction towards ammonia[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(8): 112325. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112325 shu

Rational Cu-based catalyst and electrolyte design for electrochemical nitrate reduction towards ammonia

Lewa Zhang ^{a, c} ,
Quan Zhou ^a ,
Chenyuan Zhu ^{a, b, *,} ,
Yizhao Li ^a ,
Shihan Zhang ^{c, *,} ,
Fan Dong ^{a, d, *,}

a.
Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
b.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
c.
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
d.
Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

chenyuanzhu@fudan.edu.cn

shihanzhang@zjut.edu.cn

dongfan@uestc.edu.cn

Received Date: 5 May 2025
Revised Date: 24 December 2025
Accepted Date: 24 December 2025
Available Online: 25 December 2025

Figures(7)

Ammonia (NH₃) is a pivotal industrial chemical extensively utilized in agricultural production, energy storage systems, and chemical manufacturing processes. However, the conventional NH₃ synthesis method, the Haber-Bosch process, is not only highly energy-intensive but also produces substantial greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, a sustainable alternative is offered by the ambient electrocatalytic nitrate (NO₃⁻) reduction reaction (NO₃RR) to NH₃, which utilizes renewable electricity. This process not only converts NO₃⁻ pollutants into valuable NH₃ but also addresses environmental concerns by effectively utilizing NO₃⁻ waste. In this review, we focus on the electrocatalytic synthesis of NH₃ via NO₃RR, systematically outlining the background of NO₃RR, the fundamental reaction pathways, and the methods for detecting products and intermediates. We also highlight the advantages of copper (Cu)-based catalysts in this reaction. We explore various strategies to enhance Cu catalysis, including nanoparticle synthesis, facet engineering, alloying, oxidation state tuning, and single-atom dispersion. Additionally, we provide an overview of how electrolyte composition and characteristics affect NO₃⁻ reduction efficiency and clarify the processes that underlie these effects. We delve into NO₃RR's challenges and the likelihood of NH₃ synthesis in the future. The goal of this work is to shed light on how to achieve environmental sustainability and create more effective NH₃ synthesis strategies.
- NH₃ synthesis,
- Electrocatalytic NO₃RR,
- Cu-based catalysts,
- Electrolyte composition sustainable development
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142