Citation: Hongxing Liu, Xianjun Xie, Yanxin Wang. Protonation-driven selective arsenate removal via ferric oxide: Toward effective arsenic remediation in complex water systems[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(8): 112299. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112299 shu

Protonation-driven selective arsenate removal via ferric oxide: Toward effective arsenic remediation in complex water systems

State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

xjxie@cug.edu.cn

Received Date: 11 July 2025
Revised Date: 27 November 2025
Accepted Date: 18 December 2025
Available Online: 19 December 2025

Figures(9)

Widespread arsenic contamination in aquatic environments poses a major threat to human health and ecosystems, underscoring the urgent need for effective and selective remediation strategies. However, conventional technologies often suffer from reduced efficiency due to strong competition from coexisting anions such as phosphate, limiting their real-world applicability. In this study, we present a pH-regulated strategy for selective arsenate removal using ferric oxide (α-Fe₂O₃), a low-cost, non-toxic, and naturally abundant material. By integrating batch adsorption experiments, in-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, and density functional theory simulations, we demonstrate that acidic conditions significantly enhance arsenate selectivity by promoting protonation-induced surface complexation. Protonation strengthens hydrogen bonding and facilitates a transition from monodentate to bidentate coordination, improving arsenate binding. We further identify the Fe-Fe interatomic distance as a key structural parameter governing complexation geometry and selectivity: Shorter distances (< 3.27 Å) enable dual coordination, while longer distances (~5.10 Å) restrict it. These mechanistic insights highlight the pivotal role of surface structure and protonation in dictating competitive adsorption outcomes. Overall, these findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding and optimizing arsenate selectivity in multi-anion systems. By leveraging naturally occurring ferric oxide and simple pH adjustment, this work offers a scalable and practical approach to arsenic remediation in phosphate-rich waters.
- Arsenic removal,
- Phosphate interference,
- pH control,
- Surface protonation,
- Iron oxide
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