Citation: Xiangrong Xu, Lifeng Zhang, Ming Zhang, Yiyang Zhang, Lei Yu. Surface functionalization of polyaniline via click reaction for the preparation of luminescent conductive materials[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(10): 112229. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112229 shu

Surface functionalization of polyaniline via click reaction for the preparation of luminescent conductive materials

Xiangrong Xu ^a ,
Lifeng Zhang ^b ,
Ming Zhang ^a ,
Yiyang Zhang ^{a, *,} ,
Lei Yu ^{a, *,}

a.
School of Chemistry and Materials, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
b.
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 8048550, Japan

008011@yzu.edu.cn

yulei@yzu.edu.cn

Received Date: 27 August 2025
Revised Date: 21 November 2025
Accepted Date: 7 December 2025
Available Online: 8 December 2025

Figures(5)

The emissive layer of stretchable optoelectronic devices currently incorporates luminescent units through physical blending or co-polymerization. However, these methods often compromise material performance due to interference from the introduced functional groups, and a significant portion of the luminescent components embedded within the material is wasted. In this work, we propose an innovative "click chemistry" strategy for integrating luminescent functional groups onto the surface of polyaniline (PANI) through a simple stirring process. After proton doping, the functionalized PANI exhibited a 29-fold increase in electrical conductivity compared to pristine PANI. This improvement originates from the extended conjugation of the anthracene moiety and enhanced proton-doping efficiency, making it promising for advanced electronic devices.
- Polyaniline,
- Fluorescence,
- Click chemistry,
- Conductivity,
- 9-Anthracene formyl chloride
1. [1]
  P. Kaushik, R. Bharti, R. Sharma, et al., Eur. Polym. J. 221 (2024) 113574. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113574
2. [2]
  S. Li, C.W. Macosko, H.S. White, Science 259 (1993) 957–960. doi: 10.1126/science.259.5097.957
3. [3]
  F. Garnier, R. Hajlaoui, A. Yassar, P. Srivastava, Science 265 (1994) 1684–1686. doi: 10.1126/science.265.5179.1684
4. [4]
  Y. Zhou, X. Liu, Z. Wang, et al., Mater. Lett. 308 (2022) 131205. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131205
5. [5]
  X. Meng, Y. Zhang, H. Zhou, L. Yu, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 10 (2022) 7658–7663. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01540
6. [6]
  S.A. Ture, S.D. Pattathil, V.B. Patil, et al., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 33 (2022) 8551–8565. doi: 10.1007/s10854-021-06537-7
7. [7]
  S.A. Chen, K.R. Chuang, C.I. Chao, H.T. Lee, Synth. Met. 82 (1996) 207–210. doi: 10.1016/S0379-6779(96)03790-3
8. [8]
  A.C. Anbalagan, J. Korram, P. Koyande, et al., Diamond Relat. Mater. 147 (2024) 111276. doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111276
9. [9]
  Z. Zeng, Y. Chen, X. Zhu, L. Yu, Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107728. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.08.008
10. [10]
  Z.D. Zhu, Y.Z. Han, X.B. Jing, Rare Met. 43 (2024) 4585–4594. doi: 10.1007/s12598-024-02751-4
11. [11]
  Y. Zhang, W. Li, Z. Hu, X. Jing, L. Yu, Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 108938. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108938
12. [12]
  S. Yu, L. Li, Q. Kong, et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 417 (2025) 119–130. doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05630-0
13. [13]
  C.S. Cheung, Z. Qiu, D. Li, et al., Dalton Trans. 52 (2023) 17573–17582. doi: 10.1039/d3dt03146b
14. [14]
  G. Gao, J. Han, L. Yu, Q. Xu, et al., Synlett 30 (2019) 1703–1707. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1612088
15. [15]
  J. Li, M. Luo, C. Jin, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 383–389. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c21528
16. [16]
  I.A. Jessop, F.R. Díaz, C.A. Terraza, et al., Polymers 10 (2018) 553. doi: 10.3390/polym10050553
17. [17]
  K.M. Molapo, A. Venkatanarayanan, C.M. Dolan, et al., Electrochem. Commun. 48 (2014) 95–98. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.08.022
18. [18]
  H.C. Kolb, M.G. Finn, K.B. Sharpless, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40 (2001) 2004–2021. doi: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::AID-ANIE2004>3.0.CO;2-5
19. [19]
  S.J. Buwalda, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 282 (2024) 136695. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136695
20. [20]
  M. Arslan, A. Degirmenci, R. Sanyal, et al., Polym. Chem. 15 (2024) 4173–4195. doi: 10.1039/d4py00912f
21. [21]
  J. Shi, W. Fu, Q. Zou, et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 8 (2025) 10–21. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.4c05881
22. [22]
  W. Yu, X. Lu, L. Xiong, et al., Small 20 (2024) 2310799. doi: 10.1002/smll.202310799
23. [23]
  S. Wahan, G. Bhargava, P. Chawla, Dyes Pigm. 222 (2024) 111896. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2023.111896
24. [24]
  R. Tian, S.M. Xu, Q. Xu, C. Lu, Sci. Adv. 6 (2020) eaaz6107. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6107
25. [25]
  F. Chen, X. Lin, Y. Li, et al., Supramol. Mater. 1 (2022) 100003.
26. [26]
  Y. Huang, C. Wu, A. Lu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147 (2025) 1612–1623. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c11701
27. [27]
  L. Deng, C. Zhang, B. Li, et al., Chem. Sci. 14 (2023) 3630–3641. doi: 10.1039/d2sc04636a
28. [28]
  L. Ren, J. Mol. Struct. 1325 (2024) 140951.
29. [29]
  W. Li, G. Liu, F. He, S. Hou, Microchim. Acta 191 (2024) 151. doi: 10.1007/s00024-023-03391-y
30. [30]
  V. Pirota, A. Benassi, F. Doria, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 21 (2022) 879–898. doi: 10.1007/s43630-022-00173-8
31. [31]
  Y. Zhang, L. YU, M. Zhang, Patent, CN202410500501. X, 2024.
32. [32]
  X. Zeng, K. Qu, A. Rehman, Acc. Chem. Res. 49 (2016) 1624–1633. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00181
33. [33]
  S. Chakraborty, S. Choudhury, N.K. Singha, Small 20 (2024) 2406866. doi: 10.1002/smll.202406866
34. [34]
  Y. Wang, A. Liu, T. Li, J. Electron. Mater. 49 (2020) 3751–3760. doi: 10.1007/s11664-020-08085-y
35. [35]
  Y.H. Ma, X. Gao, W.T. Zhang, et al., Rare Met. 43 (2024) 736–748. doi: 10.1007/s12598-023-02334-9
1. [1]
  Ying Xu , Yan Pu , Qiong Zhang , Xi Kang , Manzhou Zhu . Order-by-order control over the nonlinear optical properties of atomically precise nanoclusters. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(10): 100735-100735. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100735
2. [2]
  Chu Wang , Zheng Xi , Rufang Zhao , Xiaohuan Sun , Jie Han , Rong Guo . Regulation of catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity for supramolecular chiral polyaniline@Pt-Ni_x nanocomposites as nanozymes via tunable alloy composition. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(9): 112125-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112125
3. [3]
  Ying Xu , Chengying Shen , Hailong Yuan , Wei Wu . Mapping multiple phases in curcumin binary solid dispersions by fluorescence contrasting. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109324-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109324
4. [4]
  Deshuai Zhen , Chunlin Liu , Qiuhui Deng , Shaoqi Zhang , Ningman Yuan , Le Li , Yu Liu . A review of covalent organic frameworks for metal ion fluorescence sensing. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109249-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109249
5. [5]
  Manman Ou , Yunjian Zhu , Jiahao Liu , Zhaoxuan Liu , Jianjun Wang , Jun Sun , Chuanxiang Qin , Lixing Dai . Polyvinyl alcohol fiber with enhanced strength and modulus and intense cyan fluorescence based on covalently functionalized graphene quantum dots. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110510-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110510
6. [6]
  Junqing Wu , Yiyang Zhang , Qingqing Hong , Hui Yang , Lifeng Zhang , Ming Zhang , Lei Yu . Organometallic modification of silica with europium endowing the fluorescence properties: The key technique for numerical quality monitoring. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110165-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110165
7. [7]
  Yue Li , Qianyu Ding , Wansheng Liu , Yimeng Sun , Liyao Liu , Ye Zou , Yutao Cui , Jia Zhu , Chongan Di , Daoben Zhu . Bipyridine-bridged Φ-shaped cyclo[8]thiophene[2]pyrrole: Synthesis and fluorescence properties. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111989-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111989
8. [8]
  Xu Sun , Mengchen Luo , Xinyu Xie , Mengyao Liu , Weili Wang , Tian Zhang , Lei An , Jinjun Shao , Xiaochen Dong , Yu Cai . Thienothiadiazole-based NIR-Ⅱ D-A-D dye for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging-navigated photothermal therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(6): 111509-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111509
9. [9]
  Kunda Yao , Yue Shen , Chao Chen , Fengxiang Qin , Shuyan Song , Xiaochen Dong , Wei Liu . Physically and chemically crosslinked rare-earth-doped hydrogels with dual fluorescence/conductive sensing abilities. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 111531-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111531
10. [10]
  Yang Liu , Minglu Li , Jianxun Ding , Xuesi Chen . Glycoengineering-assistant biomineralization for tumor blockade therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110146-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110146
11. [11]
  Pengfei Wu , Chang Sun , Xiao Huang , Wenjing Nie , Qiongqiong Wan , Qingtao Meng , Suming Chen . Dual-identification strategy for global profiling of protein fatty acylation sites. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(10): 112530-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2026.112530
12. [12]
  Yiyang Zhang , Guangshu Yuan , Xiangkun Meng , Xu Zhang , Lei Yu . Promoting the catalytic activities of polyanilines for L-lactic acid condensation by calcium-doping: A biocompatible strategy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 111069-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111069
13. [13]
  Xinpin Pan , Yongjian Cui , Zhe Wang , Bowen Li , Hailong Wang , Jian Hao , Feng Li , Jing Li . Robust chemo-mechanical stability of additives-free SiO₂ anode realized by honeycomb nanolattice for high performance Li-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109567-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109567
14. [14]
  Quanyou Guo , Yue Yang , Tingting Hu , Hongqi Chu , Lijun Liao , Xuepeng Wang , Zhenzi Li , Liping Guo , Wei Zhou . Regulating local electron transfer environment of covalent triazine frameworks through F, N co-modification towards optimized oxygen reduction reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110235-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110235
15. [15]
  Taoping Huang , Xiaoman Yao , Xuanxu Chen , Minqiao Liang , Mingjin Shi , Yiwen Yang , Fei Yu , Fengxue Duan , Yifa Chen , Ya-Qian Lan . Redox and conductive covalent-organic binding agent boosts sulfur conversion kinetics in Li-S batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(9): 111414-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111414
16. [16]
  Kuan Deng , Fei Yang , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Bi-Wen Ren , Hua Liu , Jiao Chen , Meng-Yao She , Le Yu , Xiao-Gang Liu , Hai-Tao Feng , Jian-Li Li . Construction of wavelength-tunable DSE quinoline salt derivatives by regulating the hybridization form of the nitrogen atom and intramolecular torsion angle. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109464-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109464
17. [17]
  Mengfan Zhang , Lingyan Liu , Peng Wei , Wei Feng , Tao Yi . A proximity tagging strategy utilizing an activated aldehyde group as the active site. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110127-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110127
18. [18]
  Ying Wang , Hong Yang , Caixia Zhu , Qing Hong , Xuwen Cao , Kaiyuan Wang , Yuan Xu , Yanfei Shen , Songqin Liu , Yuanjian Zhang . Cascading oxidoreductases-like nanozymes for high selective and sensitive fluorescent detection of ascorbic acid. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 110153-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110153
19. [19]
  Hao Zhang , Hao Liu , Ke Huang , Qingxiu Xia , Hongjie Xiong , Xiaohui Liu , Hui Jiang , Xuemei Wang . Ionic exchange based intracellular self-assembly of pitaya-structured nanoparticles for tumor imaging. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110281-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110281
20. [20]
  Yue Cao , Yue Lin , Li Chen , Huimin Niu , Renli Wei , Shuqian Qiu , Anjie Wang , Xiaoai Cao , Xiaofeng Lai , Yongshou Chen , Juanjuan Lin , Shuiliang Wang , Zhenyu Lin , Shenghang Zhang . Screening of glial fibrillary acidic protein specific aptamer and application in the development of fluorescent biosensor based on isothermal amplification strategy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(5): 111616-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111616

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(4)
HTML views(0)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142