Citation: Chuncheng Xu, Suqin Han, Kaiyang Zhang, Qiuling Feng, Lan Bao, Mingming Gao, Wen-Yan Gao, Yen Leng Pak, Hongyu Mou, Liwei Chen, Xing Gao, Yuchen Hao. Structure–function correlation and design principles of two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets for efficient electrochemical CO₂ reduction[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(3): 112179. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112179 shu

Structure–function correlation and design principles of two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets for efficient electrochemical CO₂ reduction

Chuncheng Xu ^a ,
Suqin Han ^a ,
Kaiyang Zhang ^a ,
Qiuling Feng ^a ,
Lan Bao ^a ,
Mingming Gao ^a ,
Wen-Yan Gao ^c ,
Yen Leng Pak ^a ,
Hongyu Mou ^a ,
Liwei Chen ^{a, *,} ,
Xing Gao ^{a, *,} ,
Yuchen Hao ^{b, *,}

a.
College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Ji’nan 250200, China
b.
Research Center for Solar Driven Carbon Neutrality, School of Physics Science and Technology, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
c.
Luoyang Center for Teacher Development, Luoyang 471000, China

chenliwei@qlit.edu.cn

gaoxing620@126.com

haoyc@hbu.edu.cn

Received Date: 16 September 2025
Revised Date: 21 November 2025
Accepted Date: 26 November 2025
Available Online: 27 November 2025

Figures(12)

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂RR) into formate and related products is a crucial strategy for sustainable carbon utilization, yet the development of catalysts with both high efficiency and durability remains a central challenge. Among available candidates, two-dimensional (2D) bismuth (Bi) nanosheets stand out because of their earth abundance, low toxicity, and unique ability to stabilize *OCHO intermediates. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in the controlled synthesis of 2D Bi nanosheets, covering bottom-up chemical and electrochemical routes, top-down exfoliation, and physical/thermal methods, and highlight the application strategies that enable performance optimization, including defect/strain engineering, heteroatom doping, interface construction, heterostructure coupling, in situ reconstruction, and microenvironment regulation. We further integrate mechanistic insights from in situ/operando characterizations and density functional theory, which clarify the real active sites, dynamic reconstruction, and structure–activity relationships. Finally, we provide a forward-looking perspective on atomic-level structural control, understanding and regulating reconstruction, multi-scale architecture integration, expanding product selectivity beyond formate, device-level optimization, and data-driven catalyst discovery. By bridging synthesis, application strategies, and mechanistic understanding, this timely review establishes a comprehensive framework to guide the rational design of 2D Bi nanosheets and accelerate their translation toward industrially relevant CO₂ electroreduction.
- Two-dimensional materials,
- Bismuth nanosheets,
- Synthesis strategies,
- Electrocatalysis,
- CO₂ reduction
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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Structure–function correlation and design principles of two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Structure–function correlation and design principles of two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets for efficient electrochemical CO₂ reduction