Citation: Zhongqiu Jia, Fangya Guo, Tianxiang Yang, Shibo Hao, Biying Zhang, Zenan Hu, Leilei Li, Fang Wang, Tingfeng Yi. Dual electrode interphases from high-concentration Zn(OTf)₂ electrolyte: Decoupled voltage retention in Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and long-term Zn cycling stability[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(10): 112178. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112178 shu

Dual electrode interphases from high-concentration Zn(OTf)₂ electrolyte: Decoupled voltage retention in Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and long-term Zn cycling stability

Zhongqiu Jia ^a ,
Fangya Guo ^a ,
Tianxiang Yang ^a ,
Shibo Hao ^a ,
Biying Zhang ^a ,
Zenan Hu ^a ,
Leilei Li ^a ,
Fang Wang ^{a, c, *,} ,
Tingfeng Yi ^{b, *,}

a.
School of School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
b.
Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
c.
Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Materials for Solar Energy Conversion and Lithium Sodium based Battery, Luoyang 471023, China

wangfang1116@163.com

yitingfeng@neuq.edu.cn

Received Date: 6 October 2025
Revised Date: 21 November 2025
Accepted Date: 26 November 2025
Available Online: 26 November 2025

Figures(5)

Aqueous zinc batteries tend to be safe, low-cost, and environmentally friendly. An aqueous cell coupling zinc metal anode and polyanion cathode provides high voltage. However, water-induced side reactions on zinc electrodes, as well as the decomposition of polyanionic cathode, limit the stability of the system. The application of water-in-salt (WiS) electrolytes offers a viable alternative. However, the solubility of conventional zinc salts with weak acidity is low. Herein, we increased the concentration of Zn(OTf)₂ to 10 m (mol/kg_water) by introducing saturated betaine (BT) as a cosolvent. In the 10 m Zn(OTf)₂/13 m BT electrolyte, the high salt concentration and the interactions between betaine and water effectively lower water activity. Moreover, betaine participates in the solvation structure of zinc ions, facilitating the formation of protective interphases on both the zinc anode and the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode, thereby suppressing side reactions and cathode decomposition. As a result, the electrolyte enables reversible Zn plating/stripping over 2900 h. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode also maintains two pairs of redox reactions at high voltage of 1.8 V/1.7 V and 1.4 V/1.3 V, demonstrating excellent rate capability and stable cycling performance.
- Aqueous zinc batteries,
- High voltage,
- Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃,
- Betaine,
- High-concentration electrolyte
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Dual electrode interphases from high-concentration Zn(OTf)2 electrolyte: Decoupled voltage retention in Li3V2(PO4)3 and long-term Zn cycling stability

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Dual electrode interphases from high-concentration Zn(OTf)₂ electrolyte: Decoupled voltage retention in Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and long-term Zn cycling stability