Citation: Zhanhui He, Zheng Liu, Hongji Li, Lijun Yang, Guodong Yin, Jingbo Lan. Synthesis of multi-substituted 9,9′-spirobifluorenes and their applications in organic light-emitting diodes[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(6): 112155. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112155 shu

Synthesis of multi-substituted 9,9′-spirobifluorenes and their applications in organic light-emitting diodes

Zhanhui He ^a ,
Zheng Liu ^{a, *,} ,
Hongji Li ^a ,
Lijun Yang ^a ,
Guodong Yin ^{a, *,} ,
Jingbo Lan ^{b, *,}

a.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
b.
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

zhengliu0827@hbnu.edu.cn

gdyin@hbnu.edu.cn

jingbolan@scu.edu.cn

Received Date: 8 May 2025
Revised Date: 12 November 2025
Accepted Date: 21 November 2025
Available Online: 22 November 2025

Figures(36)

9,9′-Spirobifluorene (SBF) derivatives, as a unique class of conjugated frameworks, have been extensively investigated in the field of organic electronics. The introduction of diverse substituents to various positions on SBF can modulate the photoelectric properties of SBF derivatives. Multisite substitution endows SBF derivatives with structural diversity, thus providing more opportunities for adjusting the photoelectric properties of materials. However, the synthesis of multi-substituted SBFs is more difficult, and their structure-activity relationships are also more unpredictable. This review focuses on multi-substituted SBFs, detailing their synthesis methods, photoelectric properties, thermal stabilities, and applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Multi-substituted SBFs are typically synthesized using multi-halogenated or multi-boronate ester-substituted SBF precursors. In addition, transition metal-catalyzed C–H arylation reactions represent an exceptionally efficient approach for preparing multi-substituted SBFs. The effects of the type, number, and position of substituents on the thermal stability, photophysical and electrochemical properties, and carrier mobility of these SBF derivatives are systematically reviewed. Their roles as emitters, hosts, electron-transport materials, and hole-transport materials in OLED devices are summarized and discussed.
- 9,9′-Spirobifluorenes,
- Organic light-emitting diodes,
- Host materials,
- Emitters,
- Electron-transport materials,
- Hole-transport materials,
- C–H arylation
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142