Citation: Xinying Wang, Yuhang Fan, Xiyao Dong, Han Wu, Qingxiang Guan. Perspective and application advancements of chemically modified exosomes as novel tools for precise targeting in brain diseases: A strategic appraisal[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(10): 112152. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112152 shu

Perspective and application advancements of chemically modified exosomes as novel tools for precise targeting in brain diseases: A strategic appraisal

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China

guanqx@jlu.edu.cn

Received Date: 31 July 2025
Revised Date: 20 November 2025
Accepted Date: 21 November 2025
Available Online: 22 November 2025

Figures(5)

Exosome-based therapies stand at the forefront of precision medicine, offering tailored solutions for disease-specific drug delivery and personalized treatment strategies. Addressing challenges such as the non-specific targeting of exosomes in brain diseases is crucial for optimizing therapeutic efficacy. Chemical modification of exosomes enables specific targeting of brain diseases via precise chemical reactions to conjugate brain disease-targeting ligands, functional molecules, or responsive moieties. The modification efficiency and outcomes are inherently contingent upon varying chemical reaction conditions, while the modification process itself exerts profound influences on the stability, biological activity, and functional expression of exosomes. Advanced chemical modification strategies have been demonstrated to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enabling spatiotemporally precise targeting of intracerebral lesion sites while maintaining their optimal biological activity and structural stability. By integrating the latest research achievements, this study reveals the unique advantages and mechanistic pathways of chemical modification in constructing highly specific targeted delivery systems for brain diseases, providing a precisely controllable novel approach for the precision therapy of brain diseases. Despite existing challenges, these advancements in chemically modified exosome research hold promise for ushering in safer, highly precise, and personalized therapies, thereby propelling the further advancement of exosomes in the therapeutic landscape of brain diseases.
- Exosomes,
- Drug delivery,
- Brain diseases,
- Blood-brain barrier,
- Surface modification
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142