Citation: Chunxian Zhou, Mingyu Gong, Jubo Jian, Huanhuan Pan, Wanshan Hu, Zeshi Jiang, Chao Lu, Guilan Quan, Chuanbin Wu, Xin Pan, Junhuang Jiang, Tingting Peng. Microneedle-mediated precision immunomodulation: A next-generation therapeutic paradigm for immune disorders[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(10): 112135. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112135 shu

Microneedle-mediated precision immunomodulation: A next-generation therapeutic paradigm for immune disorders

Chunxian Zhou ^{a, 1} ,
Mingyu Gong ^{a, 1} ,
Jubo Jian ^a ,
Huanhuan Pan ^a ,
Wanshan Hu ^a ,
Zeshi Jiang ^a ,
Chao Lu ^a ,
Guilan Quan ^a ,
Chuanbin Wu ^{a, b} ,
Xin Pan ^c ,
Junhuang Jiang ^{a, *,} ,
Tingting Peng ^{a, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug ability Assessment, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
b.
Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen 529031, China
c.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China

jhjiang@jnu.edu.cn

pengtt@jnu.edu.cn

Received Date: 27 August 2025
Revised Date: 17 November 2025
Accepted Date: 18 November 2025
Available Online: 19 November 2025

Figures(1)

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a class of chronic, relapsing disorders characterized by dysregulated immune activation and persistent inflammation. These conditions affect multiple organs, severely compromising patients' quality of life and increasing the global healthcare burden. Conventional treatments, such as glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics, face limitations including low delivery efficiency, off-target effects, and poor patient adherence, whether administered topically or systemically. With the growing recognition of IMID pathogenesis as a multitargeted process, precision-based strategies and localized, patient-friendly drug delivery systems are increasingly needed. Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a promising transdermal and transmucosal platform for minimally invasive, site-specific therapeutic delivery in IMID treatment. By precisely targeting immune cells in the skin, oral mucosa, and eyes, MNs offer a novel approach to precision immunotherapy. This review explores recent advances in MN-based therapies for IMIDs, emphasizing their potential to transform the management of allergic conditions, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory skin disorders, infection-related chronic inflammation, oral disorders, and ocular disorders. Furthermore, the challenges hindering the clinical translation of MNs are discussed, along with perspectives on their future development. We anticipate that this review will provide innovative insights into precision immunotherapy for IMIDs.
- Microneedle,
- Immune disorders,
- Immunotherapy,
- Novel treatments,
- Prospects
1. [1]
  L. Xu, Z. Shao, F. Xia, et al., Exploration 5 (2024) 20230165.
2. [2]
  I.B. McInnes, E.M. Gravallese, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21 (2021) 680–686. doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00603-1
3. [3]
  G. Monteleone, A. Moscardelli, A. Colella, I. Marafini, S. Salvatori, Autoimmun. Rev. 22 (2023) 103410. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103410
4. [4]
  V. Solitano, Y. Yuan, S. Singh, et al., J. Autoimmun. 149 (2024) 103331. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103331
5. [5]
  M. Agrawal, S. Shah, A. Patel, et al., J. Autoimmun. 105 (2019) 102303. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.07.002
6. [6]
  R. Pofi, G. Caratti, D.W. Ray, J.W. Tomlinson, Endocr. Rev. 44 (2023) 975–1011. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnad016
7. [7]
  W.F. Wong, K.P. Ang, G. Sethi, C.Y. Looi, Medicina 59 (2023) 778. doi: 10.3390/medicina59040778
8. [8]
  T. Karve, A. Dandekar, V. Agrahari, et al., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 210 (2024) 115326. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115326
9. [9]
  Y. Chen, T. Ren, W. Wu, et al., J. Control. Release 379 (2025) 636–651. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.01.034
10. [10]
  Y. Yu, H. Wang, B. Guo, et al., Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 177 (2022) 68–80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.004
11. [11]
  X. Jiang, H. Zhao, W. Li, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 10 (2022) 840395. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.840395
12. [12]
  Y. Zhang, Y. Xu, H. Kong, et al., Exploration 3 (2023) 20210170. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20210170
13. [13]
  A.G. Kurian, R.K. Singh, V. Sagar, J.H. Lee, H.W. Kim, Nano-Micro Lett. 16 (2024) 110. doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01323-6
14. [14]
  B. Zeng, Z. Mu, T. Shen, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110350. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110350
15. [15]
  Y. Zhang, L. Qiu, H. Li, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110658. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110658
16. [16]
  L. Zeng, K. Yang, Q. He, et al., BMC Med. 22 (2024) 110. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae10020110
17. [17]
  Z. Liang, H. Xie, D. Wu, Front. Immunol. 16 (2025) 1520063. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1520063
18. [18]
  J.J. YepesNuñez, G.H. Guyatt, L.G. Gómez-Escobar, et al., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 151 (2023) 147–158. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.020
19. [19]
  S. Duarah, M. Sharma, J. Wen, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 136 (2019) 48–69. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.005
20. [20]
  W. Zhang, W. Zhang, C. Li, et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23 (2022) 2401. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052401
21. [21]
  N. Sargioti, T.J. Levingstone, E.D. O’Cearbhaill, H.O. McCarthy, N.J. Dunne, Bioengineering 10 (2022) 24. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10010024
22. [22]
  R. Rahbari, L. Francis, O.J. Guy, et al., Pharmaceutics 16 (2023) 57. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010057
23. [23]
  S. Olhero, E. Lopes, J. Ferreira, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 36 (2016) 4131–4140. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.06.035
24. [24]
  B.Z. Chen, J.L. Liu, Q.Y. Li, et al., ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2 (2019) 5616–5625. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00700
25. [25]
  S. Zhang, Y. Qiu, Y. Gao, Acta Pharm. Sin. B 4 (2014) 100–104. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.011
26. [26]
  T. Evens, O. Malek, S. Castagne, D. Seveno, A. Van Bael, J. Manuf. Process. 62 (2021) 535–545. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.12.035
27. [27]
  G. Anbazhagan, S.B. Suseela, R. Sankararajan, Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 13 (2023) 1813–1827. doi: 10.1007/s13346-023-01296-w
28. [28]
  S.D. Gittard, A. Ovsianikov, N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, et al., J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 3 (2009) 304–311. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300211
29. [29]
  I.J. Choi, H.R. Cha, S.J. Hwang, et al., Pharmaceutics 13 (2021) 209. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020209
30. [30]
  S.N. Economidou, C.P.P. Pere, A. Reid, et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. C 102 (2019) 743–755. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.063
31. [31]
  X. Chen, T.W. Prow, M.L. Crichton, et al., J. Control. Release 139 (2009) 212–220. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.029
32. [32]
  Z. Sartawi, C. Blackshields, W. Faisal, J. Control. Release 348 (2022) 186–205. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.045
33. [33]
  A.K. Shakya, C.H. Lee, H.S. Gill, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 142 (2018) 2007–2011.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.017
34. [34]
  T.T. Nguyen, T.T.D. Nguyen, G. Van Vo, Biomed. Pharmacother. 145 (2022) 112393. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112393
35. [35]
  K. Van Der Maaden, W. Jiskoot, J. Bouwstra, J. Control. Release 161 (2012) 645–655. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.042
36. [36]
  R. Li, X. Liu, X. Yuan, et al., Int. J. Bioprint. 8 (2022) 553.
37. [37]
  S.S. Gade, S. Pentlavalli, D. Mishra, et al., J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 38 (2022) 433–448. doi: 10.1089/jop.2022.0016
38. [38]
  Z. Hu, C.S. Meduri, R.S. Ingrole, H.S. Gill, G. Kumar, Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 (2020) 203703. doi: 10.1063/5.0008983
39. [39]
  C.J. Bolton, O. Howells, G.J. Blayney, et al., Lab Chip 20 (2020) 2788–2795. doi: 10.1039/d0lc00567c
40. [40]
  Y. Li, H. Zhang, R. Yang, et al., Microsyst. Nanoeng. 5 (2019) 41. doi: 10.1038/s41378-019-0077-y
41. [41]
  K. Ita, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 44 (2018) 314–322. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.01.004
42. [42]
  S.N. Economidou, M.J. Uddin, M.J. Marques, et al., Addit. Manuf. 38 (2021) 101815.
43. [43]
  Á. Cárcamo-Martínez, B. Mallon, J. Domínguez-Robles, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 599 (2021) 120455. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120455
44. [44]
  S. Mdanda, P. Ubanako, P.P. Kondiah, P. Kumar, Y.E. Choonara, Polymers 13 (2021) 2405. doi: 10.3390/polym13152405
45. [45]
  X. Yu, J. Zhao, D. Fan, Polymers 15 (2023) 4059. doi: 10.3390/polym15204059
46. [46]
  J.G. Joy, H.K. Son, S.J. Lee, J.C. Kim, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 134 (2024) 432–447. doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2024.01.007
47. [47]
  N. Zafar, A. Mahmood, R.M. Sarfraz, A. Elaissari, Micromachines 13 (2022) 1304. doi: 10.3390/mi13081304
48. [48]
  X.J. Li, Y. Li, Y. Meng, et al., Biomater. Adv. 139 (2022) 213001. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213001
49. [49]
  Y. Zhou, L. Jia, G. Zhang, et al., Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 20 (2023) 1267–1276. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2244413
50. [50]
  D. Ando, M. Miyatsuji, H. Sakoda, et al., Pharmaceutics 16 (2024) 200. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020200
51. [51]
  S. Kang, J.E. Song, S.H. Jun, S.G. Park, N.G. Kang, Pharmaceutics 14 (2022) 1758. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091758
52. [52]
  S. Lau, J. Fei, H. Liu, W. Chen, R. Liu, J. Control. Release 265 (2017) 113–119. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.0319.137751
53. [53]
  H. Lv, N. Gao, Q. Zhou, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 12 (2023) 2203295. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202203295
54. [54]
  N. Dabholkar, S. Gorantla, T. Waghule, et al., Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 170 (2021) 602–621. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.177
55. [55]
  A.C. Silva, B. Pereira, N.S. Lameirinhas, et al., Macromol. Biosci. 23 (2023) 2200323. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202200323
56. [56]
  B. Chanabodeechalermrung, T. Chaiwarit, S. Chaichit, et al., Polymers 16 (2024) 452. doi: 10.3390/polym16040452
57. [57]
  A. Malek-Khatabi, M. Rad-Malekshahi, M. Shafiei, et al., Biomater. Sci. 11 (2023) 7784–7804. doi: 10.1039/d3bm01301d
58. [58]
  S. Sharma, K. Hatware, P. Bhadane, S. Sindhikar, D.K. Mishra, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 103 (2019) 109717. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.05.002
59. [59]
  X. Zhang, C. Zhou, T. Chen, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 663 (2024) 124547. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124547
60. [60]
  H. Zhu, J.M.J. Qiang, C.G. Wang, et al., Bioact. Mater. 18 (2022) 471–491.
61. [61]
  N.G. Oh, S.Y. Hwang, Y.H. Na, ACS Omega 7 (2022) 25179–25185. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01993
62. [62]
  E.M. Migdadi, A.J. Courtenay, I.A. Tekko, et al., J. Control. Release 285 (2018) 142–151. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.009
63. [63]
  S. Chong, C. Wei, L. Feng, R. Guo, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 9 (2023) 3368–3378. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00284
64. [64]
  Z. Ye, Y. Xiang, T. Monroe, et al., Biomacromolecules 23 (2022) 4401–4411. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00878
65. [65]
  X. Zhou, H. Liu, Z. Yu, et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 670 (2024) 1–11.
66. [66]
  A. Sivaraman, A.K. Banga, Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 7 (2017) 16–26. doi: 10.1007/s13346-016-0328-5
67. [67]
  D. Yang, M. Chen, Y. Sun, et al., Acta Biomater. 121 (2021) 119–133. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.004
68. [68]
  X. Hou, J. Li, Y. Hong, et al., Biomedicines 11 (2023) 2119. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11082119
69. [69]
  F.Q. Luo, G. Chen, W. Xu, et al., Nano Res. 14 (2021) 2689–2696. doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-3273-z
70. [70]
  H. Hu, H. Ruan, S. Ruan, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 31 (2022) 134196.
71. [71]
  H. Ruan, Y. Zhong, H. Ding, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 499 (2024) 155961. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.155961
72. [72]
  M. Wu, Y. Zhang, H. Huang, et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. C 117 (2020) 111299. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111299
73. [73]
  C. Song, X. Zhang, M. Lu, Y. Zhao, Research 6 (2023) 0119. doi: 10.34133/research.0119
74. [74]
  J. Mu, X. Ding, Y. Song, et al., Adv. Sci. 12 (2025) 2409562. doi: 10.1002/advs.202409562
75. [75]
  D. Wu, X. Shou, Y. Yu, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2205847. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202205847
76. [76]
  Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Wu, Y. Zhao, Nano Today 56 (2024) 102241. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102241
77. [77]
  F. Yu, X. Zhao, Q. Wang, et al., Adv. Sci. 12 (2025) 2413962. doi: 10.1002/advs.202413962
78. [78]
  H. Amani, M.A. Shahbazi, C. D’Amico, et al., J. Control. Release 330 (2021) 185–217. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.019
79. [79]
  T. Boonpiyathad, Z.C. Sözener, M. Akdis, C.A. Akdis, Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. 38 (2020) 139–149.
80. [80]
  Z.L. Kong, S. Sudirman, H.J. Lin, W.N. Chen, Cytotechnology 72 (2020) 81–95. doi: 10.1007/s10616-019-00359-6
81. [81]
  T. Nakamura, J. Pharmacol. Sci. 147 (2021) 126–131. doi: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.001
82. [82]
  J.H. Kim, J.U. Shin, S.H. Kim, et al., Biomaterials 150 (2018) 38–48. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.013
83. [83]
  Y. Yu, M.N.K. Kumar, M.X. Wu, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 145 (2020) 597–609. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.022
84. [84]
  L. Klimek, O. Pfaar, J. Bousquet, G. Senti, T. Kündig, Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. 13 (2017) 897–906. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2017.1333423
85. [85]
  Y.J. Choi, K.A. Kim, J.H. Jung, et al., Pharm. Res. 38 (2021) 1199–1207. doi: 10.1007/s11095-021-03070-4
86. [86]
  H. Ruan, M. Long, J. Li, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 13 (2024) e2400637. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202400637
87. [87]
  K.H. Park, E.Y. Oh, H. Han, et al., Clin. Exp. Allergy 50 (2020) 1084–1092. doi: 10.1111/cea.13688
88. [88]
  A.K. Shakya, C.H. Lee, H.S. Gill, Mol. Pharm. 17 (2020) 3033–3042. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00447
89. [89]
  J. Zhao, X. Chen, K.H. Ho, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 32 (2021) 66–86. doi: 10.1117/12.2586674
90. [90]
  R. Liang, Y. Tu, P. Hua, Y. Huang, M. Chen, Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110335. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110335
91. [91]
  J. Huang, X. Fu, X. Chen, et al., Front. Immunol. 12 (2021) 686155. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686155
92. [92]
  Z. Zhao, Z. Hua, X. Luo, et al., Biomed. Pharmacother. 150 (2022) 113074. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113074
93. [93]
  I.A. Tekko, G. Chen, J. Domínguez-Robles, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 586 (2020) 119580. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119580
94. [94]
  J. Cao, N. Zhang, Z. Wang, et al., Pharmaceutics 11 (2019) 235. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050235
95. [95]
  G. Du, P. He, J. Zhao, et al., J. Control. Release 336 (2021) 537–548. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.005
96. [96]
  W. Yao, C. Tao, J. Zou, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 563 (2019) 91–100. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.033
97. [97]
  J. Song, Y. Liu, Y. Guo, et al., Inflammopharmacology 32 (2024) 1743–1757. doi: 10.1007/s10787-024-01452-9
98. [98]
  M. Anderson, J. Bluestone, J. Warshauer, Cell Metab. 31 (2020) 46–61. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.017
99. [99]
  J.M. Norris, R.K. Johnson, L.C. Stene, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 8 (2020) 226–238. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30412-7
100. [100]
  R. Primavera, B.D. Kevadiya, G. Swaminathan, et al., Nanomaterials 10 (2020) 789. doi: 10.3390/nano10040789
101. [101]
  G.A. Bronczek, J.F. Vettorazzi, G.M. Soares, et al., Front. Physiol. 10 (2019) 561. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00561
102. [102]
  C. Tang, J.N. Zou, R.H. Zhang, Z.M. Liu, C.L. Mao, Parasitol. Res. 118 (2019) 1087–1094. doi: 10.1007/s00436-019-06247-4
103. [103]
  F.A. Shah, C.S. Wang, T.M. Butt, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 251 (2005) 259–266. doi: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.010
104. [104]
  H. Huang, D. Hu, Z. Chen, et al., J. Nanobiotechnol. 20 (2022) 377. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01581-9
105. [105]
  C.E. Griffiths, A.W. Armstrong, J.E. Gudjonsson, J.N. Barker, Lancet 397 (2021) 1301–1315. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32549-6
106. [106]
  A. Rendon, K. Schäkel, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20 (2019) 778. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030778
107. [107]
  B.P. Kaufman, A.F. Alexis, Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 19 (2018) 405–423. doi: 10.1007/s40257-017-0332-7
108. [108]
  L. Liang, W.M. Fei, Z.Q. Zhao, et al., Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 164 (2021) 20–27. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.016
109. [109]
  Z. Men, T. Su, Z. Tang, J. Liang, T. Shen, Int. J. Pharm. 627 (2022) 122207. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122207
110. [110]
  H. Du, P. Liu, J. Zhu, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 43588–43598. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b15668
111. [111]
  W. Zhang, Y. Chen, Z. Zhao, et al., Sci. Adv. 9 (2023) eadg6007. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6007
112. [112]
  Q. Jing, H. Ruan, J. Li, et al., Biomaterials 278 (2021) 121142. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121142
113. [113]
  J. Sroka-Tomaszewska, M. Trzeciak, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 (2021) 1475. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031475
114. [114]
  M. Jang, B.M. Kang, H. Yang, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 10 (2021) e2001691. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202001691
115. [115]
  Y. Yang, B.Z. Chen, X.P. Zhang, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 31645–31654. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c05952
116. [116]
  M.C. Chen, C.S. Chen, Y.W. Wu, Y.Y. Yang, Acta Biomater. 114 (2020) 183–192. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.029
117. [117]
  Y.H. Chiu, Y.W. Wu, J.I. Hung, M.C. Chen, Acta Biomater. 130 (2021) 223–233. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.032||
118. [118]
  M. Long, J. Li, Y. Zhu, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 15 (2025) 5966–5987. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2025.08.021
119. [119]
  W. Zhang, J. Lei, P. Jiang, et al., Small 21 (2025) e2409121. doi: 10.1002/smll.202409121
120. [120]
  C.H. Pratt, L.E. King Jr, A.G. Messenger, A.M. Christiano, J.P. Sundberg, Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 3 (2017) 17011. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.11
121. [121]
  R.M. Trüeb, M. Dias, Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 54 (2018) 68–87. doi: 10.1007/s12016-017-8620-9
122. [122]
  C. Zhou, X. Li, C. Wang, J. Zhang, Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 61 (2021) 403–423. doi: 10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0
123. [123]
  R. Shreberk-Hassidim, Y. Ramot, Z. Gilula, A. Zlotogorski, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 74 (2016) 372–374.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.045
124. [124]
  S. Lee, B.J. Kim, Y.B. Lee, W.S. Lee, JAMA Dermatol. 154 (2018) 1145–1151. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2312
125. [125]
  M. Lensing, A. Jabbari, Front. Immunol. 13 (2022) 955035. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955035
126. [126]
  D. Wei, Y. Chen, Y. Shen, B. Xie, X. Song, Front. Immunol. 14 (2023) 1152513. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152513
127. [127]
  S. Lee, M. Jang, H. Ahn, et al., Appl. Mater. Today 35 (2023) 101946. doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2023.101946
128. [128]
  S.A. Richard, Mediat. Inflamm. 2021 (2021) 6699560. doi: 10.1155/2021/6699560
129. [129]
  M. Gupta, V.K. Mahajan, K.S. Mehta, P.S. Chauhan, Dermatol. Res. Pract. 2014 (2014) 709152.
130. [130]
  T. Zhang, B. Sun, W. Ding, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 471 (2023) 144351. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.144351
131. [131]
  T. Hirai, T.L. Ramos, P.Y. Lin, et al., J. Clin. Investig. 131 (2021) e139991. doi: 10.1172/JCI139991
132. [132]
  N. Younis, N. Puigmal, A.E. Kurdi, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2312088. doi: 10.1002/adma.202312088
133. [133]
  J.I. Riezu Boj, E. Larrea, R. Aldabe, et al., J. Hepatol. 54 (2011) 422–431. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.014
134. [134]
  E. Freitas, E.G. Yassky, T. Torres, Drugs 83 (2023) 761–770. doi: 10.1007/s40265-023-01873-w
135. [135]
  D.I. Jeong, S.Y. Lee, S. Kim, et al., Carbohydr. Polym. 364 (2025) 123789. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123789
136. [136]
  X. Han, P. Xu, Q. Ye, J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 35 (2021) e23937. doi: 10.1002/jcla.23937
137. [137]
  J. Wang, Y. Peng, H. Xu, Z. Cui, R.O. Williams, AAPS PharmSciTech 21 (2020) 225. doi: 10.1093/pq/pqaa032
138. [138]
  R.J. Kaur, S. Dutta, P. Bhardwaj, et al., Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 36 (2021) 427–439. doi: 10.1007/s12291-021-00968-z
139. [139]
  G. Troiano, A. Nardi, Public Health 194 (2021) 245–251. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025
140. [140]
  K. Dhama, K. Sharun, R. Tiwari, et al., Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 17 (2021) 3495–3499. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1926183
141. [141]
  C. D’Amico, F. Fontana, R. Cheng, H.A. Santos, Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 11 (2021) 353–372. doi: 10.1007/s13346-021-00924-7
142. [142]
  Y. Li, J. Wang, Z. Jin, et al., Chin. J. Biotechnol. 38 (2022) 3301–3315.
143. [143]
  Q. Li, R. Xu, H. Fan, et al., ACS Nano 16 (2022) 7512–7524. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10718
144. [144]
  K. Xiao, J. Zhai, Y. Feng, et al., Nature 583 (2020) 286–289. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2313-x
145. [145]
  L. Duan, Q. Zheng, H. Zhang, et al., Front. Immunol. 11 (2020) 576622. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576622
146. [146]
  Y. Yin, W. Su, J. Zhang, et al., ACS Nano 15 (2021) 14347–14359. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03252
147. [147]
  S. Vijayanand, S. Patil, I. Menon, et al., Pharmaceutics 15 (2023) 895. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030895
148. [148]
  C.L. McMillan, A. Azuar, J.J. Choo, et al., Vaccines 10 (2022) 578. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10040578
149. [149]
  M.A. Lopez-Ramirez, F. Soto, C. Wang, et al., Adv. Mater. 32 (2020) e1905740. doi: 10.1002/adma.201905740
150. [150]
  J. Pielenhofer, J. Sohl, M. Windbergs, P. Langguth, M.P. Radsak, Front. Immunol. 11 (2020) 266. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00266
151. [151]
  I. Menon, P. Bagwe, K.B. Gomes, et al., Micromachines 12 (2021) 435. doi: 10.3390/mi12040435
152. [152]
  Y. Zheng, R. Ye, X. Gong, et al., Microsyst. Nanoeng. 9 (2023) 35. doi: 10.1038/s41378-023-00515-1
153. [153]
  U. Laila, M. Akram, M.A. Shariati, et al., Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 46 (2019) 1063–1073. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13151
154. [154]
  P.K. Gupta, A. Saxena, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India B: Biol. Sci. 91 (2021) 495–510. doi: 10.1007/s40011-021-01237-y
155. [155]
  Y. Hughes, L. Tomlins, T. Usherwood, Aust. Prescr. 45 (2022) 80. doi: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.026
156. [156]
  H.C. Souza, M.R. Mota, A.R. Alves, et al., Rev. Bras. Enferm. 72 (2019) 1295–1303. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0115
157. [157]
  L. Cheney, J.M. Barbaro, J.W. Berman, Cells 10 (2021) 909. doi: 10.3390/cells10040909
158. [158]
  K. Moffatt, C. Quinn, P.J. McCague, R.F. Donnelly, Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 11 (2021) 1199–1217. doi: 10.1007/s13346-020-00848-8
159. [159]
  S. Rojekar, L.K. Vora, I.A. Tekko, et al., Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 165 (2021) 41–51. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.024
160. [160]
  T. Whitfield, A. Torkington, C. van Halsema, HIV AIDS 8 (2016) 157–164. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S97920
161. [161]
  F. Volpe-Zanutto, L.K. Vora, I.A. Tekko, et al., J. Control. Release 348 (2022) 771–785. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.028
162. [162]
  A.V. Boopathy, A. Mandal, D.W. Kulp, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116 (2019) 16473–16478. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1902179116
163. [163]
  A.R. Shirvan, A. Bashari, N. Hemmatinejad, Eur. Polym. J. 119 (2019) 541–550. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.010
164. [164]
  V. Hearnden, V. Sankar, K. Hull, et al., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64 (2012) 16–28. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.02.008
165. [165]
  S. Jacob, A.B. Nair, S.H.S. Boddu, et al., Pharmaceutics 13 (2021) 1206. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081206
166. [166]
  I.M. Yermak, V.N. Davydova, A.V. Volod’ko, Mar. Drugs 20 (2022) 522. doi: 10.3390/md20080522
167. [167]
  T.P. Johnston, Anatomy and physiology of the oral mucosa, in: M.J. Rathbone, S. Senel, I. Pather (Eds.), Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery and Therapy, Springer, New York, 2015, pp. 1–15.
168. [168]
  A.H. Hovav, A. Wilensky, Periodontol 2000 96 (2024) 221–228. doi: 10.1111/prd.12544
169. [169]
  T. Kwon, I.B. Lamster, L. Levin, Int. Dent. J. 71 (2021) 462–476. doi: 10.1111/idj.12630
170. [170]
  B. Yang, X. Pang, Z. Li, Z. Chen, Y. Wang, Front. Immunol. 12 (2021) 781378. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781378
171. [171]
  G. Hajishengallis, Periodontol. 2000 89 (2022) 9–18. doi: 10.1111/prd.12430
172. [172]
  J. Bao, Y. Yang, M. Xia, W. Sun, L. Chen, Biomed. Pharmacother. 133 (2021) 110935. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110935
173. [173]
  Y. Wang, J. Li, M. Tang, et al., Biomed. Pharmacother. 162 (2023) 114688. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114688
174. [174]
  H. Kanzaki, S. Wada, T. Narimiya, et al., Front. Physiol. 8 (2017) 351. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00351
175. [175]
  E. Chen, T. Wang, Y. Tu, et al., J. Mater. Chem. B 11 (2023) 482–499. doi: 10.1039/d2tb02319a
176. [176]
  C. Alvarez, C. Rojas, L. Rojas, et al., Mediators Inflamm. 2018 (2018) 7806912.
177. [177]
  X. Zhang, M.M. Hasani-Sadrabadi, J. Zarubova, et al., Matter 5 (2022) 666–682. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.11.017
178. [178]
  J. Lee, D. Shin, J.L. Roh, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B: Appl. Biomater. 107 (2019) 1779–1785. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.34270
179. [179]
  X. Zeng, X. Jin, L. Zhong, et al., Int. J. Oral Sci. 14 (2022) 28. doi: 10.1038/s41368-022-00178-0
180. [180]
  Y. Meng, X.J. Li, Y. Li, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 15 (2023) 13892–13906.
181. [181]
  M.Y. Chen, Y.J. Tang, Y.C. Wang, et al., Anal. Methods 8 (2016) 3550–3563. doi: 10.1039/C6AY00202A
182. [182]
  X. Guo, T. Zhu, X. Yu, et al., Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 222 (2023) 113100. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113100
183. [183]
  M. Naniwa, C. Nakatomi, S. Hitomi, et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 (2021) 12600. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212600
184. [184]
  M.M. Valls, A.M. Labrador, L.H. Bellowa, et al., Pharmaceutics 13 (2021) 1080. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071080
185. [185]
  X. Qu, X. Guo, T. Zhu, et al., Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 11 (2023) 1203709. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1203709
186. [186]
  J.Y. Niederkorn, Front. Immunol. 12 (2021) 701935. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701935
187. [187]
  C. Wang, Y. Pang, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 194 (2023) 114721. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114721
188. [188]
  Y.C. Kim, K.H. Oh, H.F. Edelhauser, M.R. Prausnitz, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 95 (2015) 398–406. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.05.020
189. [189]
  R.B. Singh, S. Sinha, C. Saini, et al., Int. Ophthalmol. 40 (2020) 3187–3207. doi: 10.1007/s10792-020-01496-0
190. [190]
  H.Y. Tan, A. Agarwal, C.S. Lee, et al., Clin. Ophthalmol. 10 (2016) 1983–2020. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S89341
191. [191]
  B.C. Gilger, E.M. Abarca, J.H. Salmon, S. Patel, Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54 (2013) 2483–2492. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-11747
192. [192]
  M. Qu, X. Bai, M. Zhang, et al., Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 66 (2025) 13. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.6.13
193. [193]
  Y. Chen, R. Dana, Autoimmun. Rev. 20 (2021) 102933. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102933
194. [194]
  K. Liu, X. Zhao, X. Qi, et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem. 218 (2021) 113388. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113388
195. [195]
  M. Ahmadian, J.M. Suh, N. Hah, et al., Nat. Rev. Immunol. 19 (2013) 557–566. doi: 10.1038/nm.3159
196. [196]
  S.W. Kim, D.J. Brown, J.V. Jester, Ocul. Surf. 17 (2019) 809–816. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.02.003
1. [1]
  Jing Li , Jie Wang , Bingqian Li , Meng Long , Xiumei Liu , Dengxuan Mao , Patrick Pan , Ying Liu , Zimei Wu , Yaqi Lyu , Nianping Feng . Engineering a garlic-derived nanovesicle/microneedle system to boost melanoma immunotherapy through self-amplifying cell death activation and immune remodelling. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(8): 111878-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111878
2. [2]
  Meng Sun , Jiazhen Yang , Leijiao Li , Yunhui Li , Wenliang Li , Jianxun Ding . Engineered bacteria potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 111093-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111093
3. [3]
  Kaiyue Yang , Yifan Zhang , Shamei Luo , Chenxi Yu , Lin Chen , Qingyu Yu , Chenlu Huang , Guilei Ma , Linhua Zhang , Dunwan Zhu . Multifunctional nanoadjuvants-aided synergistic photothermal-immunotherapy of tumor. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(4): 112324-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112324
4. [4]
  Xue Ma , Anning Li , Zhiliang Gao , Ning Wang , Mengqi Li , Kanaparedu P.C. Sekhar , Muthupandian Ashokkumar , Shumei Zhai , Jiwei Cui , Qun Yu . Vaccination of STING agonists-loaded nanoemulsions for cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(6): 111410-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111410
5. [5]
  Liangliang Jia , Ye Hong , Xinyu He , Ying Zhou , Liujiao Ren , Hongjun Du , Bin Zhao , Bin Qin , Zhe Yang , Di Gao . Fighting hypoxia to improve photodynamic therapy-driven immunotherapy: Alleviating, exploiting and disregarding. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 109957-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109957
6. [6]
  Shuang Liang , Jianjun Yao , Dan Liu , Mengli Zhou , Yong Cui , Zhaohui Wang . Tumor-responsive covalent organic polymeric nanoparticles enhancing STING activation for cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109856-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109856
7. [7]
  Yuequan Wang , Congtian Wu , Chengcheng Feng , Qin Chen , Zhonggui He , Shenwu Zhang , Cong Luo , Jin Sun . Spatiotemporally-controlled supramolecular hybrid nanoassembly enabling ferroptosis-augmented photodynamic immunotherapy of cancer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109902-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109902
8. [8]
  Yanjun Cai , Yong Jiang , Yu Chen , Erzhuo Cheng , Yuan Gu , Yuwei Li , Qianqian Liu , Jian Zhang , Jifang Liu , Shisong Han , Bin Yang . Amplifying STING activation and immunogenic cell death by metal-polyphenol coordinated nanomedicines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110437-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110437
9. [9]
  Donghu Yu , Junneng Wang , Lei Hu , Youxian Wu , Tianqing Wang , Zhiyu Li , Zefen Wang , Qihang Ding , Yao Sun , Zhiqiang Li . Knowledge structures and research hotspots of immunotherapy for brain metastasis, glioma, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma: A bibliometric and visualization review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 110995-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110995
10. [10]
  Xinlu Zhang , Yongxin Liu , Huan Li , Shutong Chen , Guocheng Wang , Xu Zhang , Chen Cao , Xiaoyuan Chen , Sheng Wang . A hypoxia-activated copper ion nanoexchanger for cancer immunotherapy by in situ precise production of immunogenic cell death inducer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 111404-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111404
11. [11]
  Dongsheng Zhang , Tingting Wang , Cheng-Ao Li , Yi Tang , Fangyang Wang , Qiang Wang , Hongqing Li , Xun Zhang , Duo Sun , Yueying Zhang , Jiang Ming , Xiao Chen , Xiaolan Chen , Jingchao Li , Xinhui Su . Dual-gated delivery of melittin combined with moderate photothermal treatment using NIR-responsive Pd nanosheets for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(5): 111399-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111399
12. [12]
  Shi-Hao Wang , Qiu-Yi Duan , Rufeng Zhang , Zihao Wang , Zi-Xi Wang , Yang Shen , Fu-Gen Wu . A liquid PEG depot capable of triggering intratumoral O₂/H₂O₂ generation and neutralization/calcification for realizing light irradiation-free photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(8): 111772-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111772
13. [13]
  Chenlu Huang , Xinyu Yang , Qingyu Yu , Linhua Zhang , Dunwan Zhu . Gas-generating polymersomes-based amplified photoimmunotherapy for abscopal effect and tumor metastasis inhibition. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109680-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109680
14. [14]
  Junjie Wang , Yan Wang , Zhengdong Li , Changqiang Xie , Musammir Khan , Xingzhou Peng , Fabiao Yu . Triphenylamine-AIEgens photoactive materials for cancer theranostics. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108934-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108934
15. [15]
  Xinyue Lan , Junguang Liang , Churan Wen , Xiaolong Quan , Huimin Lin , Qinqin Xu , Peixian Chen , Guangyu Yao , Dan Zhou , Meng Yu . Photo-manipulated polyunsaturated fatty acid-doped liposomal hydrogel for flexible photoimmunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108616-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108616
16. [16]
  Bohan Chen , Liming Gong , Jing Feng , Mingji Jin , Liqing Chen , Zhonggao Gao , Wei Huang . Research advances of nanoparticles for CAR-T therapy in solid tumors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109432-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109432
17. [17]
  Jiechen Liu , Xiaoguang Li , Ruiyang Xia , Yuqi Wang , Fenghe Zhang , Yongzhi Pang , Qing Li . Efficient suppression of oral squamous cell carcinoma through spatial dimension conversion drug delivery systems-enabled immunomodulatory-photodynamic therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109619-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109619
18. [18]
  Xiaofang Luo , Ye Wu , Xiaokun Zhang , Min Tang , Feiye Ju , Zuodong Qin , Gregory J Duns , Wei-Dong Zhang , Jiang-Jiang Qin , Xin Luan . Peptide-based strategies for overcoming multidrug-resistance in cancer therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109724-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109724
19. [19]
  Weiqian Jin , Lin Liao , Tao Qin , Xiaoxuan Guan , Huyang Gao , Peng Liang , Ming Gao , Junyu Lu . Recent advances in nanomedicine therapy for bacterial pneumonia. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110920-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110920
20. [20]
  Rongrong Zheng , Zuxiao Chen , Qiuyuan Li , Ni Yang , Wenjun Zhang , Chuyu Huang , Linping Zhao , Xin Chen , Hong Cheng , Shiying Li . Endoplasmic reticulum targeting photodynamic oxidizer to boost anti-tumor immunity by intensifying immunogenic cell death in conjunction with IDO1 inhibition. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 110865-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110865

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(6)
HTML views(0)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142