Citation: Qianwei Chen, Yuan Xi, Zhuangzhi Shi. Germanium-directed C–H borylation by iridium catalysis[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(8): 112107. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112107 shu

Germanium-directed C–H borylation by iridium catalysis

Qianwei Chen ^a ,
Yuan Xi ^a ,
Zhuangzhi Shi ^{a, b, c, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
b.
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
c.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China

shiz@nju.edu.cn

Received Date: 20 August 2025
Revised Date: 30 October 2025
Accepted Date: 11 November 2025
Available Online: 12 November 2025

Figures(5)

Bifunctional molecules incorporating both germyl and boryl groups represent a significant class of compounds that have attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis due to their unique reactivity and versatility in diverse chemical trans-formations. Here, we present a highly efficient, one-step synthesis of such molecules through the catalytic C–H borylation of parent organogermanes, utilizing germanium as a directing atom. The process employs an iridium catalyst in conjunction with a ligand and acetate base, facilitating the formation of a germylametallacycle intermediate within the catalytic cycle. This methodology demonstrates broad substrate scope, successfully accommodating three distinct classes of organogermanes: benzylhydrogermanes, biaryl-type hydrogermanes, and triarylhydrogermanes, encompassing both sp² and sp³ C–H activation. The versatile reactivity of the products, derived from both boron and germanium chemistry, highlights their potential utility in various applications.
- Main group,
- Germanium,
- Borylation,
- Iridium,
- C–H activation
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