Citation: Jiayi Sun, Luyao Huang, Wenfeng Jia, Yitong Liu, Li Xiang, Xing Yang, Fan Tong, Xiaobo Wang, Huile Gao, Yi Zhang. Nanodelivery strategies modulating tumor stromal cells for reverting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(4): 112036. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112036 shu

Nanodelivery strategies modulating tumor stromal cells for reverting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

Jiayi Sun ^{a, 1} ,
Luyao Huang ^{b, 1} ,
Wenfeng Jia ^c ,
Yitong Liu ^d ,
Li Xiang ^a ,
Xing Yang ^a ,
Fan Tong ^c ,
Xiaobo Wang ^{a, *,} ,
Huile Gao ^{c, *,} ,
Yi Zhang ^{a, *,}

a.
Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
b.
Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Xizang Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.X.), Chengdu 610041, China
c.
Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
d.
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM/Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine, Chengdu 611730, China

VitaDrwang@cdutcm.edu.cn

gaohuile@scu.edu.cn

zhangyi@cdutcm.edu.cn

Received Date: 11 August 2025
Revised Date: 28 October 2025
Accepted Date: 29 October 2025
Available Online: 30 October 2025

Figures(6)

In contrast to conventional cancer treatment modalities, cancer immunotherapy has increasingly emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for cancer, owing to its capacity to elicit long-lasting immune memory and its favorable safety profile. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME) significantly hinders its progression. While tumor stromal cells play a crucial role in the formation of the ITME, they also offer several potential targets for interventions aimed at reshaping this suppressive milieu. In clinical practice, the modulating of tumor stromal cells overcomes resistance mechanisms, exhibits broader therapeutic potential, and allows for more manageable toxicity profiles. Owing to the capacity of nanodrug delivery systems (nano-DDS) to facilitate accurate targeting and integrate multiple functions, a growing number of researchers are employing nano-DDS in the immunotherapy modulated to tumor stromal cells. This review begins by elucidating the roles played by different tumor stromal cells in the formation of the ITME. Subsequently, we provide the nanodelivery strategies modulating distinct tumor stromal cells. Finally, we propose the current challenges and discuss potential future development directions in this field.
- Nanodrug delivery systems,
- Cancer immunotherapy,
- Tumor-associated macrophages,
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells,
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts,
- Regulatory T cells
1. [1]
  J.C. Del Paggio, Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 15 (2018) 268–270. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2018.27
2. [2]
  P.N. Kelly, AAAS Sel. Symp. 359 (2018) 1344–1345. doi: 10.1126/science.359.6382.1344
3. [3]
  M. Zhang, C. Liu, J. Tu, et al., Mol. Cancer 24 (2025) 136. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-8812-5_14
4. [4]
  H.C. Nauts, W.E. Swift, B.L. Coley, Cancer Res. 6 (1946) 205–216.
5. [5]
  M. Burnet, Br. Med. J. 1 (1957) 779. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5022.779
6. [6]
  G. Köhler, C. Milstein, Nature 256 (1975) 495–497. doi: 10.1038/256495a0
7. [7]
  A. van Elsas, A.A. Hurwitz, J.P. Allison, J. Exp. Med. 190 (1999) 355–366. doi: 10.1084/jem.190.3.355
8. [8]
  M.A. Cheever, C.S. Higano, Clin. Cancer. Res. 17 (2011) 3520–3526. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-3126
9. [9]
  P.W. Huang, J.W. Chang, Biomed. J. 42 (2019) 299–306. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.09.002
10. [10]
  T. Yau, Y.K. Kang, T.Y. Kim, et al., JAMA Oncol. 6 (2020) e204564. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.4564
11. [11]
  J.M. Llovet, F. Castet, M. Heikenwalder, et al., Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 19 (2022) 151–172. doi: 10.1038/s41571-021-00573-2
12. [12]
  A.X. Zhu, R.S. Finn, J. Edeline, et al., Lancet Oncol. 19 (2018) 940–952. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30351-6
13. [13]
  L. Peng, G. Sferruzza, L. Yang, L. Zhou, S. Chen, Cell. Mol. Immunol. 21 (2024) 1089–1108. doi: 10.1038/s41423-024-01207-0
14. [14]
  Q. Sun, Y. Zhu, D. Zhao, et al., T Technol. Cancer. Res. Treat. 24 (2025) 15330338251356387. doi: 10.1177/15330338251356387
15. [15]
  J. Yu, M. Li, B. Ren, et al., Front. Pharmacol. 14 (2023) 1261575. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1261575
16. [16]
  Q. Chen, T. Sun, C. Jiang, Nano-micro Lett. 13 (2021) 92. doi: 10.1007/s40820-021-00622-6
17. [17]
  Z. Wang, K. Chen, Brain-X 1 (2023) e33. doi: 10.1002/brx2.33
18. [18]
  H. Jia, X. Chen, L. Zhang, M. Chen, J. Hematol. Oncol. 18 (2025) 36. doi: 10.1186/s13045-025-01688-0
19. [19]
  Y. Xu, J. Xiong, X. Sun, H. Gao, Acta Pharm. Sin. B 12 (2022) 4327–4347. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.001
20. [20]
  M. Certo, C.H. Tsai, V. Pucino, P.C. Ho, C. Mauro, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21 (2021) 151–161. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0406-2
21. [21]
  S. He, L. Zheng, C. Qi, Mol. Cancer 24 (2025) 5. doi: 10.1109/cisat66811.2025.11181725
22. [22]
  H. Cabral, H. Kinoh, K. Kataoka, Acc. Chem. Res. 53 (2020) 2765–2776. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00518
23. [23]
  H. Gao, Curr. Drug Metab. 17 (2016) 731–736. doi: 10.2174/1389200217666160630203600
24. [24]
  D. Schmid, C.G. Park, C.A. Hartl, et al., Nat. Commun. 8 (2017) 1747. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01830-8
25. [25]
  N. Kim, H.H. Lee, H.J. Lee, et al., Arch. Pharm. Res. 42 (2019) 591–606. doi: 10.1007/s12272-019-01143-y
26. [26]
  Y. Cheng, X.J. Han, X.T. Lai, X.W. Wei, Phytomedicine 135 (2024) 156093. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156093
27. [27]
  Z.Z. Lu, L. Ma, L. Mei, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 628 (2022) 122303. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122303
28. [28]
  F. Tong, H.L. Hu, Y.Y. Xu, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 13 (2023) 3471–3488. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.003
29. [29]
  R. Malla, L. Pappu, K.C. Amajala, M.A. Kamal, Curr. Med. Chem. 29 (2022) 6197–6216. doi: 10.2174/0929867329666220324143215
30. [30]
  H. Deng, G. Wang, S.Y. Zhao, et al., Front. Pharmacol. 14 (2023) 1228962. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1228962
31. [31]
  Y.H. Wei, R.W. Li, Y.S. Wang, et al., Int. J. Nanomed. 19 (2024) 10129–10144. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S466315
32. [32]
  Y.K. Li, X.D. Shen, H.T. Ding, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 14 (2024) 3680–3696. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.010
33. [33]
  D.D. Wan, Y.L. Yang, Y.Y. Liu, et al., J. Control. Release 317 (2020) 43–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.011
34. [34]
  S.Q. He, L.L. Wang, D.X. Wu, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 14 (2024) 765–780. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.006
35. [35]
  K.C. Kao, S. Vilbois, C.H. Tsai, P.C. Ho, Nat. Cell. Biol. 24 (2022) 1574–1583. doi: 10.1038/s41556-022-01002-x
36. [36]
  M.S. Goldberg, Nat. Rev. Cancer 19 (2019) 587–602. doi: 10.1038/s41568-019-0186-9
37. [37]
  Y. Luo, X. He, Q. Du, et al., Exploration 4 (2024) 20230134. doi: 10.1002/EXP.20230134
38. [38]
  Y. Jin, Y. Huang, H. Ren, et al., Biomaterials 305 (2024) 122463. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122463
39. [39]
  W. Jia, Y. Wang, R. Liu, X. Yu, H. Gao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 (2021) 2009765. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202009765
40. [40]
  W. Yu, R. Liu, Y. Zhou, H. Gao, ACS Cent. Sci. 6 (2020) 100–116. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01139
41. [41]
  W. Jia, B. Gong, J. Chen, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2408581. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202408581
42. [42]
  L.L. Wang, S.S. He, R. Liu, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 14 (2024) 2263–2280. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.001
43. [43]
  C. Yang, H. Ming, B.W. Li, et al., J. Control. Release 376 (2024) 659–677. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.10.043
44. [44]
  X. He, J. Xie, J. Zhang, et al., Adv. Sci. 9 (2022) 2104286. doi: 10.1002/advs.202104286
45. [45]
  Q. Yang, G. Wu, Y. Yang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2402194. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202402194
46. [46]
  Y. Wang, F. Yang, J. Wang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. (2025), doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111771. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111771
47. [47]
  Z. Li, P. Liu, W. Chen, et al., J. Nanobiotechnology 21 (2023) 221. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01939-7
48. [48]
  W. Jia, R. Liu, Y. Wang, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 12 (2022) 3354–3366. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.010
49. [49]
  C. Hu, T. Lei, Y. Wang, et al., Biomaterials 255 (2020) 120159. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120159
50. [50]
  Z. Chen, L. Sang, Z. Qixi, et al., Mater. Today Bio 32 (2025) 101661. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101661
51. [51]
  Y. Zhang, J. Li, P. Habibovic, Bioact. Mater. 15 (2022) 372–381.
52. [52]
  Z. Zhang, Y. Wang, M.M. Rizk, et al., Biomater. Adv. 134 (2022) 112716. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112716
53. [53]
  R. Cai, M. Wang, M. Pan, et al., Bioact. Mater. 53 (2025) 737–753.
54. [54]
  N. Peng, X. Ding, Z. Wang, et al., Carbohydr. Polym. 204 (2019) 32–41. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.084
55. [55]
  Y. Liu, X. Ran, G. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Tan, ACS Nano 19 (2025) 18164–18175. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c16628
56. [56]
  L. Tang, M. Xie, J. Li, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107801. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107801
57. [57]
  S.Q. Guan, C.H. Liu, Y.P. Wang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. (2025), doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111692. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111692
58. [58]
  X. Chen, L. Liu, C. Jiang, Acta Pharm. Sin. B 6 (2016) 261–267. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.011
59. [59]
  L. Tang, Y. Yin, Z. Zhang, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 493 (2024) 152590. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.152590
60. [60]
  W. Yu, R. Lin, X. He, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 11 (2021) 2924–2936. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.006
61. [61]
  H.R. Singh, E. Kopperger, F.C. Simmel, Trends Mol. Med. 24 (2018) 591– 593. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.05.001
62. [62]
  G.P. Dunn, A.T. Bruce, H. Ikeda, L.J. Old, R.D. Schreiber, Nat. Immunol. 3 (2002) 991–998. doi: 10.1038/ni1102-991
63. [63]
  R.D. Schreiber, L.J. Old, M.J. Smyth, Science 331 (2011) 1565–1570. doi: 10.1126/science.1203486
64. [64]
  S. Ruan, Y. Huang, M. He, H. Gao, Adv. Sci. 9 (2022) 2200027. doi: 10.1002/advs.202200027
65. [65]
  M.M. Gubin, M.D. Vesely, Clin. Cancer Res. 28 (2022) 3917–3928. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1804
66. [66]
  X. Xiang, Y.R. Niu, Z.H. Wang, et al., Cytokine. Growth. Factor. Rev. 67 (2022) 35–48. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.006
67. [67]
  J. Hu, X. Li, L. Yang, H. Li, Biomed. Pharmacother. 151 (2022) 113068. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113068
68. [68]
  Z. Lamplugh, Y. Fan, Front. Immunol. 12 (2021) 811485. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811485
69. [69]
  J.Y. Mun, S.H. Leem, J.H. Lee, H.S. Kim, Front. Immunol. 13 (2022) 864739. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864739
70. [70]
  I. Vitale, G. Manic, L.M. Coussens, G. Kroemer, L. Galluzzi, Cell Metab 30 (2019) 36–50. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.001
71. [71]
  K. Wu, K. Lin, X. Li, et al., Front. Immunol. 11 (2020) 1731. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01731
72. [72]
  R.A. Franklin, M.O. Li, Trends. Cancer 2 (2016) 20–34. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.11.004
73. [73]
  P. Pathria, T.L. Louis, J.A. Varner, Trends. Immunol. 40 (2019) 310–327. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2019.02.003
74. [74]
  B. Toledo, L. Zhu Chen, M. Paniagua-Sancho, et al., J. Hematol. Oncol. 17 (2024) 44. doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01559-0
75. [75]
  Y. Singh, V.K. Pawar, J.G. Meher, et al., J. Control. Release 254 (2017) 92–106. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.395
76. [76]
  Y.D.T. Tzeng, J.H. Hsiao, P.Y. Chu, et al., Pharmacol. Res. 198 (2023) 107008. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107008
77. [77]
  S. Singhal, J. Stadanlick, M.J. Annunziata, et al., Sci. Transl. Med. 11 (2019) eaat1500. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat1500
78. [78]
  S.M. Morrissey, F. Zhang, C. Ding, et al., Cell. Metab. 33 (2021) 2040–2058 e2010. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.002
79. [79]
  V.R. Moulton, A.R. Gillooly, M.A. Perl, A. Markopoulou, G.C. Tsokos, PLoS One 10 (2015) e0131073. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131073
80. [80]
  V.R. Moulton, G.C. Tsokos, J. Biol. Chem. 285 (2010) 12490–12496. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.091660
81. [81]
  M. Czystowska-Kuzmicz, A. Sosnowska, D. Nowis, et al., Nat. Commun. 10 (2019) 3000. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10979-3
82. [82]
  H. Oweira, I. Lahdou, S. Mehrle, et al., J. Clin. Med. 11 (2022) 4794. doi: 10.3390/jcm11164794
83. [83]
  S. Viel, A. Marçais, F.S.F. Guimaraes, et al., Sci. Signal. 9 (2016) ra19.
84. [84]
  V. Zaiatz-Bittencourt, D.K. Finlay, C.M. Gardiner, J. Immunol. 200 (2018) 3934–3941. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701461
85. [85]
  S. Song, Y. Wang, J. Wang, et al., Eur. J. Cancer 48 (2012) 2252–2259. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.009
86. [86]
  D. Wang, L. Yang, D. Yue, et al., Cancer Lett. 452 (2019) 244–253. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.040
87. [87]
  Q. Zhu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, X. Wang, Oncol. Rep. 36 (2016) 3472–3478. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.5136
88. [88]
  J. Chen, Y. Ye, P. Liu, et al., Hum. Immunol. 78 (2017) 113–119. doi: 10.4103/2211-5056.214233
89. [89]
  H. Chen, Y. Chen, H. Liu, et al., Front. Immunol. 9 (2018) 1179. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01179
90. [90]
  B. Bierie, H.L. Moses, Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 21 (2010) 49–59. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.11.008
91. [91]
  L. Gao, F.Q. Wang, H.M. Li, et al., Oncotarget 7 (2016) 87037. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13523
92. [92]
  Y. Yang, S. Li, K.K. To, et al., J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 44 (2025) 145. doi: 10.1142/9789819814770_0007
93. [93]
  Y. Liu, C. Jiang, C. Xu, L. Gu, Cancer Cell Int. 23 (2023) 253. doi: 10.1186/s12935-023-03103-5
94. [94]
  P. Chen, H. Zuo, H. Xiong, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 114 (2017) 580–585. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1614035114
95. [95]
  G. Gunaydin, Front. Oncol. 11 (2021) 668349. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668349
96. [96]
  Y. Xu, H. Zhang, D. Nie, Front. Immunol. 16 (2025) 1521550. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1521550
97. [97]
  W. Zhang, Q. Han, Y. Ding, et al., Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 80 (2023) 14. doi: 10.1117/12.2677145
98. [98]
  I. Vogel, S.P. Bapat, Cancer Cell 43 (2025) 1002–1004. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2025.04.004
99. [99]
  Y. Yan, L. Huang, Y. Liu, et al., J. Hematol. Oncol. 15 (2022) 104. doi: 10.1186/s13045-022-01322-3
100. [100]
  S. Yenyuwadee, K. Aliazis, Q. Wang, et al., Semin. Cancer Biol. 86 (2022) 187–201. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.004
101. [101]
  J.Waibl Polania, E.C. Lerner, D.S. Wilkinson, A. Hoyt-Miggelbrink, P.E. Fecci, Front. Immunol. 12 (2021) 777073. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777073
102. [102]
  C. Li, P. Jiang, S. Wei, X. Xu, J. Wang, Mol. Cancer 19 (2020) 116. doi: 10.1186/s12943-020-01234-1
103. [103]
  J. Yang, H. Bae, Exp. Mol. Med. 55 (2023) 1996–2004. doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-01080-3
104. [104]
  V. Bronte, P. Serafini, E. Apolloni, P. Zanovello, J. Immunother. 24 (2001) 431–446. doi: 10.1097/00002371-200111000-00001
105. [105]
  K. Nakamura, M.J. Smyth, Cell. Mol. Immunol. 17 (2020) 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41423-019-0306-1
106. [106]
  V. Damuzzo, L. Pinton, G. Desantis, et al., Cytometry B: Clin. Cytom. 88 (2015) 77–91. doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.21206
107. [107]
  D.I. Gabrilovich, Cancer Immunol. Res. 5 (2017) 3–8. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0297
108. [108]
  M.E. Heuvers, F. Muskens, K. Bezemer, et al., Lung Cancer 81 (2013) 468–474. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.06.005
109. [109]
  C. Wu, M.E. Muroski, J. Miska, et al., Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 16 (2019) 126–137. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.11.015
110. [110]
  M.K. Srivastava, P. Sinha, V.K. Clements, P. Rodriguez, S. Ostrand-Rosenberg, Cancer Res. 70 (2010) 68–77.
111. [111]
  Y. Yamauchi, S. Safi, C. Blattner, et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 198 (2018) 777–787. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1707oc
112. [112]
  Y. Zhang, M. Zhang, X. Li, Z. Tang, L. He, K. Lv, Mol. Immunol. 83 (2017) 62–71. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.013
113. [113]
  S. Zilio, P. Serafini, Vaccines 4 (2016) 31. doi: 10.3390/vaccines4030031
114. [114]
  X. Cao, Q. Lan, H. Xu, et al., Int. Immunopharmacol. 143 (2024) 113500. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113500
115. [115]
  Á. Teijeira, S. Garasa, M. Gato, et al., Immunity 52 (2020) 856–871 e858. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.001
116. [116]
  F.S. Younesi, A.E. Miller, T.H. Barker, F.M. Rossi, B. Hinz, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 25 (2024) 617–638. doi: 10.1038/s41580-024-00716-0
117. [117]
  R. Kalluri, Nat. Rev. Cancer 16 (2016) 582–598. doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.73
118. [118]
  Z. Zhang, L. Chen, Cancer Nanotechnol. 16 (2025) 2. doi: 10.1186/s12645-024-00302-1
119. [119]
  M.A. Huber, R.D. Schubert, R.U. Peter, et al., J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 (2003) 182–188. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12035.x
120. [120]
  J. Zhou, X.H. Wang, Y.X. Zhao, et al., J. Cancer 9 (2018) 4635. doi: 10.7150/jca.28583
121. [121]
  A.P. Minz, D. Mohapatra, M. Dutta, et al., Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 72 (2023) 4261–4278. doi: 10.1007/s00262-023-03562-9
122. [122]
  B. Dirat, L. Bochet, M. Dabek, et al., Cancer Res. 71 (2011) 2455–2465. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3323
123. [123]
  M. Lo Iacono, C. Modica, G. Porcelli, et al., Biomolecules 12 (2022) 702. doi: 10.3390/biom12050702
124. [124]
  C. Bouche, D.F. Quail, Cancer Res. 83 (2023) 1170–1172. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0505
125. [125]
  R. Munteanu, A. Onaciu, C. Moldovan, et al., Pharmaceutics 12 (2020) 402. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050402
126. [126]
  C. Wu, S. Dong, R. Huang, X. Chen, Cancers 15 (2023) 726. doi: 10.3390/cancers15030726
127. [127]
  L. Yu, W. Wei, J. Lv, Y. Lu, Z. Wang, C. Cai, Cancer Lett. 604 (2024) 217271. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217271
128. [128]
  J. Zeng, E.R. Sauter, B. Li, Trends. Mol. Med. 26 (2020) 437–440. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.004
129. [129]
  B. Wu, X. Sun, H.B. Gupta, et al., OncoImmunology 7 (2018) e1500107. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2018.1500107
130. [130]
  A.M. Santander, O. Lopez-Ocejo, O. Casas, et al., Cancers 7 (2015) 143–178. doi: 10.3390/cancers7010143
131. [131]
  V. D’Esposito, D. Liguoro, M.R. Ambrosio, et al., Oncotarget 7 (2016) 24495. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8336
132. [132]
  Z. Guo, Z. Zhu, X. Lin, et al., Biomark Res. 12 (2024) 166. doi: 10.54254/2753-7048/70/20241048
133. [133]
  Y.Y. Wang, C. Attané, D. Milhas, et al., JCI Insight 2 (2017) e87489.
134. [134]
  C. Attané, D. Milhas, A.J. Hoy, C. Muller, Curr. Med. Chem. 27 (2020) 3984–4001. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666180426165001
135. [135]
  K.M. Bussard, L. Mutkus, K. Stumpf, C. Gomez-Manzano, F.C. Marini, Breast Cancer Res. 18 (2016) 84. doi: 10.1186/s13058-016-0740-2
136. [136]
  Q. Wu, B. Li, Z. Li, et al., J. Hematol. Oncol. 12 (2019) 95. doi: 10.1186/s13045-019-0778-6
137. [137]
  L.L. Zhu, X.Z. Yu, T. Cao, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 13 (2023) 2464–2482. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.004
138. [138]
  M. Zhao, J. Li, J.W. Liu, et al., J. Control. Release 335 (2021) 320–332. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.036
139. [139]
  Y.T. Zhang, M. Jiang, G.S. Du, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 13 (2023) 3518–3534. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.017
140. [140]
  W.J. Meng, L. Huang, J.M. Guo, et al., Pharmaceutics 16 (2024) 1549. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16121549
141. [141]
  Z.X. Zhu, S.Q. Cao, H.W. Li, et al., J. Control. Release 381 (2025) 113603. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113603
142. [142]
  Y.Z. Lin, X. Wang, S. He, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 14 (2024) 854–868. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.014
143. [143]
  Y.X. Zhang, J. Zhou, Y.Y. Wang, et al., J. Control. Release 381 (2025) 113606. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113606
144. [144]
  Z. Zeng, Y. Liu, Q.L. Wen, et al., Drug Deliv. 28 (2021) 943–956. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1921076
145. [145]
  Q.W. Yu, Y. Qiu, J.P. Li, et al., J. Control. Release 321 (2020) 564–575. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.040
146. [146]
  C.Y. Xia, M. Li, G.Y. Ran, et al., J. Control. Release 335 (2021) 557–574. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.034
147. [147]
  Y. Qian, S. Qiao, Y. Dai, et al., ACS Nano 11 (2017) 9536–9549. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05465
148. [148]
  Y. Wang, J. Yu, Z. Luo, et al., Adv. Mater. 33 (2021) 2103497. doi: 10.1002/adma.202103497
149. [149]
  Y. Gong, W. Gao, J. Zhang, et al., J. Nanobiotechnol. 22 (2024) 341. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02622-1
150. [150]
  Y. Wang, K. Tiruthani, S. Li, et al., Adv. Mater. 33 (2021) 2007603. doi: 10.1002/adma.202007603
151. [151]
  G. Qiao, S. Li, X. Pan, et al., Sci. Adv. 10 (2024) eadk7955. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7955
152. [152]
  W. Ou, R.K. Thapa, L. Jiang, et al., J. Control. Release 281 (2018) 84–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.018
153. [153]
  S.Y. Li, Y. Liu, C.F. Xu, et al., J. Control. Release 231 (2016) 17–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.044
154. [154]
  J. Zhang, D. Liu, J. Liu, et al., Biomater. Sci. 8 (2020) 4757–4766. doi: 10.1039/d0bm00908c
155. [155]
  A. Zhang, Z. Ren, K.F. Tseng, et al., Sci. Transl. Med. 13 (2021) eabg8693. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg8693
156. [156]
  H. Van Damme, B. Dombrecht, M. Kiss, et al., J. Immunother. Cancer 9 (2021) e001749. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001749
157. [157]
  Z. Lan, W.J. Liu, W.W. Yin, et al., J. Nanobiotechnology 22 (2024) 174. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02417-4
158. [158]
  Z. Yang, H. Zuo, Y. Hou, et al., Small 20 (2024) 2406860. doi: 10.1002/smll.202406860
159. [159]
  T. Yu, K. Wang, J. Wang, et al., J. Control. Release 369 (2024) 199–214. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.043
160. [160]
  H. Phuengkham, C. Song, S.H. Um, Y.T. Lim, Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) 1706719. doi: 10.1002/adma.201706719
161. [161]
  P. Zhou, X. Du, W. Jia, K. Feng, Y. Zhang, STTT 9 (2024) 151.
162. [162]
  Y. Zhang, R. Yu, C. Zhao, et al., Adv. Sci. 11 (2024) 2305279. doi: 10.1002/advs.202305279
163. [163]
  X. Hou, M. Liu, H. Wu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110106. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110106
164. [164]
  Y. Chen, M. Hu, S. Wang, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 623 (2022) 121953. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121953
165. [165]
  M. Yang, B. Wang, Y. Yin, et al., J. Control. Release 353 (2023) 63–76. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.025
166. [166]
  Q. You, G. Wu, H. Li, et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 20 (2025) 1298–1311. doi: 10.1038/s41565-025-01952-x
167. [167]
  J. Peng, J. Zhou, R. Sun, et al., Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 244 (2023) 125163. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125163
168. [168]
  C. Cui, K. Chakraborty, X.A. Tang, et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 16 (2021) 1394–1402. doi: 10.1038/s41565-021-00988-z
169. [169]
  G. Zhao, F. Guo, W. Yan, et al., Mater. Today Bio 32 (2025) 101882. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101882
170. [170]
  H. Chen, Q. Guo, Y. Chu, et al., Biomaterials 287 (2022) 121599. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121599
171. [171]
  Y.N. Tan, Y.P. Li, J.D. Huang, et al., Cancer Lett. 522 (2021) 238–254. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.031
172. [172]
  Z. Wan, H. Huang, R.E. West Ⅲ, et al., Mater. Today 62 (2023) 33–50. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2022.11.008
1. [1]
  Yunyan Li , Zimin Cai , Zhicheng Wang , Sifeng Zhu , Wendian Liu , Cheng Wang . Construction of biomimetic hybrid nanovesicles based on M1 macrophage-derived exosomes for therapy of cancer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109942-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109942
2. [2]
  Qi Wei , Hua Xin , Xiaolong Wang , Changjuan Qin , Yuanzhen Su , Di Li , Jianxun Ding . Unimolecular chiral poly(amino acid)s as adjuvants of nanovaccines for augmented cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 111477-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111477
3. [3]
  Wen Xiao , Fazhan Wang , Yangzhuo Gu , Xi He , Na Fan , Qian Zheng , Shugang Qin , Zhongshan He , Yuquan Wei , Xiangrong Song . PEG400-mediated nanocarriers improve the delivery and therapeutic efficiency of mRNA tumor vaccines. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(5): 108755-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108755
4. [4]
  Kun Chen , Huimin Lin , Xin Peng , Ziying Wu , Jingyue Dai , Yi Sun , Yaxuan Feng , Ziyi Huang , Zhiqiang Yu , Meng Yu , Guangyu Yao , Jigang Wang . In situ synthesis of MnO₂ micro/nano-adjuvants for enhanced immunotherapy of breast tumors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110045-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110045
5. [5]
  Xiaoyu Hou , Mingyang Liu , Hu Wu , Nan Wang , Xu Zhao , Xifeng Qin , Xiaomin Su , Hanwei Huang , Zihan Ma , Jiahao Liu , Onder Ergonul , Füsun Can , Wei Liu , Zhiqing Pang , Funan Liu . Differential releasing hydrogel loaded with oncolytic viruses and anti-CAFs drug to enhance oncology therapeutic efficacy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110106-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110106
6. [6]
  Yongjuan Li , Rongrong Zhu , Yichen Guo , Yayun Wang , Rong Ma , Kunru Ma , Yongxing Zhao , Weijing Yang . Sequential-gated transformable nanoprodrug potentiates antitumor immunity through TME modulation and STING activation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110704-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110704
7. [7]
  Meng Sun , Jiazhen Yang , Leijiao Li , Yunhui Li , Wenliang Li , Jianxun Ding . Engineered bacteria potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 111093-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111093
8. [8]
  Shuang Liang , Jianjun Yao , Dan Liu , Mengli Zhou , Yong Cui , Zhaohui Wang . Tumor-responsive covalent organic polymeric nanoparticles enhancing STING activation for cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109856-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109856
9. [9]
  Hanyong Wang , Weijia Zhang , Chenlu Huang , Xinyu Yang , Qingyu Yu , Hai Wang , Wen Li , Linhua Zhang , Dunwan Zhu . Personalized tumor vaccines based on carrier-free double-adjuvant nanoparticles and tumor-associated antigens for enhancing immune responses. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 111092-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111092
10. [10]
  Huige Zhang , Wei Chen , Yuyan Huang , Mingfang Wu , Hongli Chen , Cuiling Ren , Xiaoyan Liu , Haixia Zhang . Construction of template-free amplification system coupled with capillary electrophoresis for the simultaneous detection of three tumor-associated DNA repair enzymes. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110721-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110721
11. [11]
  Boyuan Liu , Zixu Liu , Ping Wang , Yu Zhang , Haibing He , Tian Yin , Jingxin Gou , Xing Tang . Nanomedicine-based targeting delivery systems for peritoneal cavity localized therapy: A promising treatment of ovarian cancer and its peritoneal metastasis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110229-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110229
12. [12]
  Yuequan Wang , Congtian Wu , Chengcheng Feng , Qin Chen , Zhonggui He , Shenwu Zhang , Cong Luo , Jin Sun . Spatiotemporally-controlled supramolecular hybrid nanoassembly enabling ferroptosis-augmented photodynamic immunotherapy of cancer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109902-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109902
13. [13]
  Yanjun Cai , Yong Jiang , Yu Chen , Erzhuo Cheng , Yuan Gu , Yuwei Li , Qianqian Liu , Jian Zhang , Jifang Liu , Shisong Han , Bin Yang . Amplifying STING activation and immunogenic cell death by metal-polyphenol coordinated nanomedicines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110437-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110437
14. [14]
  Ying Sun , Minglong Chen , Ying Chen , Wanchen Zhao , Yanping Fu , Zhengwei Huang , Chao Lu , Chuanbin Wu , Xin Pan , Guilan Quan . Dissolving microneedle-assisted in situ cancer vaccine combined with cytolytic peptide for anti-melanoma immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 110908-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110908
15. [15]
  Xinlu Zhang , Yongxin Liu , Huan Li , Shutong Chen , Guocheng Wang , Xu Zhang , Chen Cao , Xiaoyuan Chen , Sheng Wang . A hypoxia-activated copper ion nanoexchanger for cancer immunotherapy by in situ precise production of immunogenic cell death inducer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 111404-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111404
16. [16]
  Keqiang Shi , Xiujuan Hong , Dongyan Xu , Tao Pan , Huiwen Wang , Hongru Feng , Cheng Guo , Yuanjiang Pan . Analysis of RNA modifications in peripheral white blood cells from breast cancer patients by mass spectrometry. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110079-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110079
17. [17]
  Jing Feng , Yanhong Liu , Liming Gong , Chenfei Liu , Congcong Xiao , Liqing Chen , Mingji Jin , Zhonggao Gao , Wei Huang , Yubo Li . Recent progress on drug delivery systems of regulating intratumoral bacteria for tumor therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 110907-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110907
18. [18]
  Huijuan Zhang , Chenglin Liang , Xinyi Ding , Meng Zhang , Siyu Lu , Lin Hou . Manganese-based nano-delivery system for sensitized anti-tumor immunotherapy via combined autophagy inhibition. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110525-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110525
19. [19]
  Peng Liu . Cyclodextrins as versatile supramolecular building block in nanoscale drug delivery systems for precise tumor chemotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 111406-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111406
20. [20]
  Peng Gao , Yuanyuan Chen , Qianlin He , Xue Liu , Echuan Tan , Zhiqiang Yu , Hui Wang . Highly efficient adoptive cell therapy of metastatic triple negative breast cancer with bioactive covalent organic framework-engineered macrophages. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(8): 110585-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110585

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(88)
HTML views(9)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142