Citation: Zhiyu Shao, Shaohua Wang, Haijia Yu, Diyang Shan, Zhiyu Tang, Yihang Fu, Jianshi Du, Jianhua Liu, Keke Huang. The applied progress and prospects of sub-nanometer high-entropy materials in the fields of electrocatalysis and biomedicine: Review and outlook[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(8): 111910. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111910 shu

The applied progress and prospects of sub-nanometer high-entropy materials in the fields of electrocatalysis and biomedicine: Review and outlook

Zhiyu Shao ^{b, 1} ,
Shaohua Wang ^{a, 1} ,
Haijia Yu ^c ,
Diyang Shan ^a ,
Zhiyu Tang ^a ,
Yihang Fu ^d ,
Jianshi Du ^{b, *,} ,
Jianhua Liu ^{c, *,} ,
Keke Huang ^{a, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Solid Functional Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
b.
China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
c.
Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
d.
Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States

dujs@jlu.edu.cn

jian_hua@jlu.edu.cn

kkhuang@jlu.edu.cn

Received Date: 3 August 2025
Revised Date: 18 September 2025
Accepted Date: 27 September 2025
Available Online: 29 September 2025

Figures(8)

Sub-nanometer high-entropy materials (HEMs) have opened new pathways in electrocatalysis and biomedicine, leveraging their tunable composition, ultrahigh specific surface area, abundant active sites, and multi-element synergy. In electrocatalysis, their highly disordered multi-element structures significantly enhance the intrinsic activity and stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR), while their unique "cocktail effect" enables precise electronic structure modulation. For biomedical applications, their ultrasmall size facilitates cellular uptake and tissue penetration. Simultaneously, their multi-element composition endows them with multifunctionality, including photothermal/photodynamic/catalytic/magnetic therapy, multimodal imaging, and drug delivery, while also optimizing biocompatibility and reducing toxicity. However, challenges remain in the precise synthesis and mechanistic understanding of sub-nanometer HEMs, hindering their development for next-generation high-performance electrocatalysts and intelligent theranostic platforms. In this review, we comprehensively explore the composition-structure design principles of HEMs, with a focus on the multifunctional properties achieved by small sizes, particularly in the sub-nano range, and their applications in electrocatalysis and biomedicine. Additionally, this paper prospectively discusses emerging strategies that may drive the future development of HEMs, with particular emphasis on the application potential of sub-nanometer HEMs.
- High entropy materials,
- Sub-nanometer,
- Electrocatalyst,
- Biomedical materials,
- Nanostructure
1. [1]
  S. Schweidler, M. Botros, F. Strauss, et al., Nat. Rev. Mater. 9 (2024) 266–281. doi: 10.1038/s41578-024-00654-5
2. [2]
  C.H. Cui, S.H. Yu, Acc. Chem. Res. 46 (2013) 1427–1437. doi: 10.1021/ar300254b
3. [3]
  R.N. Guo, Y. Yang, C.C. Zhao, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2313168. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202313168
4. [4]
  Y.Y. Zhai, X.R. Ren, B.L. Wang, S.Z. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2207536. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202207536
5. [5]
  L.L. Han, S.Y. Zhu, Z.Y. Rao, et al., Nat. Rev. Mater. 9 (2024) 846–865. doi: 10.1038/s41578-024-00720-y
6. [6]
  M.C. Mackey, Rev. Mod. Phys. 61 (1989) 981. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.61.981
7. [7]
  L.M. Martyushev, V.D. Seleznev, Phys. Rep. 426 (2006) 1–45.
8. [8]
  Y.J. Ma, Han Du, S. Zheng, et al., Energy Storage Mater. 79 (2025) 104295. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104295
9. [9]
  S.R. Li, J.L. Gong, Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 (2014) 7245–7256. doi: 10.1039/C4CS00223G
10. [10]
  H. Heinz, H. Ramezani-Dakhel, Chem. Soc. Rev. 45 (2016) 412–448. doi: 10.1039/C5CS00890E
11. [11]
  H. Gleiter, Acta Mater. 56 (2008) 5875–5893. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.08.028
12. [12]
  E. Davoodi, H. Montazerian, A.S. Mirhakimi, et al., Bioact. Mater. 15 (2022) 214–249.
13. [13]
  Q. Dong, Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, Intermetallics 187 (2025) 109001. doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109001
14. [14]
  W.L. Hsu, C.W. Tsai, A.C. Yeh, J.W. Yeh, Nat. Rev. Chem. 8 (2024) 471–485. doi: 10.1038/s41570-024-00602-5
15. [15]
  Y.K. Hua, G.J. Su, Q.Q. Li, et al., Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec. 55 (2025) 25–48. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2024.2379028
16. [16]
  L.L. Yang, R. He, J.L. Chai, et al., Adv. Mater. 37 (2025) 2412337. doi: 10.1002/adma.202412337
17. [17]
  A.T. Fenley, H.S. Muddana, M.K. Gilson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109 (2012) 20006–20011. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1213180109
18. [18]
  A.A. Khan, S. Razzaq, A. Khan, F.K. Owais, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 42 (2015) 773–785. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.045
19. [19]
  Y.F. Sun, S. Dai, Sci. Adv. 7 (2021) eabg1600. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1600
20. [20]
  W. Yang, S. Pang, Y. Liu, Intermetallics 141 (2022) 107421. doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2021.107421
21. [21]
  J.S. Chae, S.K. Park, K.C. Roh, H.S. Park, Energy Storage Mater. 24 (2020) 113–128. doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.04.032
22. [22]
  Z.J. Shi, Q.H. Fang, P.K. Liaw, J. Li, Adv. Eng. Mater. 25 (2023) 2300968. doi: 10.1002/adem.202300968
23. [23]
  P.C. Chen, M.Y. Gao, C.A. McCandler, et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 19 (2024) 775–781. doi: 10.1038/s41565-024-01626-0
24. [24]
  C.Z. Ning, L.T. Dou, P.D. Yang, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 (2017) 17070. doi: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.70
25. [25]
  J.M. Zhang, H.B. Yang, D.J. Zhou, B. Liu, Chem. Rev. 122 (2022) 17028–17072. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01003
26. [26]
  S.J. Lombardo, A.T. Bell, Surf. Sci. Rep. 13 (1991) 3–72. doi: 10.1016/0167-5729(91)90004-H
27. [27]
  H. Wang, J.M. Chen, Y.P. Lin, et al., Adv. Mater. 33 (2021) 2008422. doi: 10.1002/adma.202008422
28. [28]
  W.J. Xu, Y.C. Bai, Y.D. Yin, Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) 1802091. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802091
29. [29]
  V. Artero, Nat. Energy 2 (2017) 17131. doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.131
30. [30]
  C. Deng, T. Wang, P. Wu, W. Zhu, S. Dai, Nano Energ. 120 (2024) 109153. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.109153
31. [31]
  M.G. Li, F.X. Lin, S.P. Zhang, et al., Sci. Adv. 10 (2024) eadn2877. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2877
32. [32]
  E. Roduner, Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 (2006) 583–592. doi: 10.1039/b502142c
33. [33]
  X.Y. Yan, Y.S. Zhou, S.Y. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 35 (2025) 2413115. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202413115
34. [34]
  X.Y. Wang, Q.D. Liu, X. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 35 (2025) 2504275. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202504275
35. [35]
  S. Chen, Y.H. Wang, G. Pu, et al., Energy Fuels 37 (2022) 36–57.
36. [36]
  L. Chang, H.C. Jing, C. Liu, C.T. Qiu, X. Ling, Adv. Sci. 11 (2024) 2406521. doi: 10.1002/advs.202406521
37. [37]
  Z.S. Meng, Z.J. Xu, H.W. Tian, W.T. Zheng, Materi. Horiz. 10 (2023) 3293–3303. doi: 10.1039/d3mh00360d
38. [38]
  B. Ni, Y.A. Shi, X. Wang, Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) 1802031. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802031
39. [39]
  N. Rasooli, W. Chen, M. Daly, Nanoscale 16 (2024) 1650–1663. doi: 10.1039/d3nr05251f
40. [40]
  B. Wang, Y.F. Yao, X.W. Yu, et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 9 (2021) 19410–19438. doi: 10.1039/d1ta02718b
41. [41]
  K. Li, W. Chen, Mater. Today Energy 20 (2021) 100638. doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100638
42. [42]
  H.X. Li, X.L. Sun, H.T. Huang, Prog. Mater. Sci. 148 (2025) 101382. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101382
43. [43]
  Z.Y. Wang, J.H. You, Y. Zhao, et al., J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 11 (2023) 109080. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.109080
44. [44]
  R. Nartita, D. Ionita, I. Demetrescu, Cryst. 14 (2024) 451. doi: 10.3390/cryst14050451
45. [45]
  Y.F. Ye, Q. Wang, J. Lu, C.T. Liu, Y. Yang, Mater. Today 19 (2016) 349–362. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2015.11.026
46. [46]
  Y.G. Yao, Q. Dong, A. Brozen, et al., Science 376 (2022) eabn3103. doi: 10.1126/science.abn3103
47. [47]
  P. Jain, P. Hosseini, A. Kostka, et al., Faraday Discuss. 264 (2026) 207–230. doi: 10.1039/d5fd00092k
48. [48]
  H.Y. Qiao, M.T. Saray, X.Z. Wang, et al., ACS. Nano 15 (2021) 14928–14937. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05113
49. [49]
  J.F. Luan, K. Ma, L.Y. Zhang, et al., Curr. Org. Chem. 14 (2010) 683–698. doi: 10.2174/138527210790963449
50. [50]
  H. Thürlová, F. Průša, Materials 15 (2022) 7899. doi: 10.3390/ma15227899
51. [51]
  H.F. Que, B.X. Li, L.H. Sun, et al., Nat. Synth. 4 (2025) 582–591. doi: 10.1038/s44160-025-00737-3
52. [52]
  Y.G. Yao, Z.N. Huang, P.F. Xie, et al., Science (1979) 359 (2018) 1489. doi: 10.1126/science.aan5412
53. [53]
  P. Ball, L. Garwin, Nature 355 (1992) 761–764. doi: 10.1038/355761a0
54. [54]
  H. Schmidt, F. Giustiniano, G. Eda, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 (2015) 7715–7736. doi: 10.1039/C5CS00275C
55. [55]
  Q.D. Liu, X. Wang, Chem. Catal 2 (2022) 1257. doi: 10.2514/1.j061091
56. [56]
  Z.S. Li, B.L. Li, M. Yu, C.L. Yu, Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy 47 (2022) 26956. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.049
57. [57]
  S. Zhang, T. Hedtke, X. Zhou, M. ElimelechJae, H. Kim, ACS ES&T Eng. 1 (2021) 706. doi: 10.1021/acsestengg.1c00007
58. [58]
  T. Zhang, H.F. Zhao, Z.J. Chen, et al., Nat. Commun. 16 (2025) 3327. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58648-y
59. [59]
  M.J. Cui, C.P. Yang, B.Y. Li, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 11 (2021) 2002887. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202002887
60. [60]
  H.Z. Cai, S.Z. He, H.P. Yang, et al., Adv. Mater. 37 (2025) 2508610. doi: 10.1002/adma.202508610
61. [61]
  H.Y. Qiao, X.Z. Wang, Q. Dong, et al., Nano Energy 86 (2021) 106029. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106029
62. [62]
  L.P. Yao, F.R. Zhang, S. Yang, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2314049. doi: 10.1002/adma.202314049
63. [63]
  G. Feng, F.H. Ning, Y. Pan, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145 (2023) 11140–11150. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c00868
64. [64]
  H.Y. Ge, W.X. Shi, J.L. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147 (2025) 8367–8376. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c15979
65. [65]
  Y.M. Hu, T.T. Chao, Y.H. Dou, et al., Adv. Mater. 37 (2025) 2418504. doi: 10.1002/adma.202418504
66. [66]
  C.H. Zhan, Y. Xu, L.Z. Bu, et al., Nat. Commun. 12 (2021) 6261. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26425-2
67. [67]
  Z.X. Zhang, P.P. Yu, Z.J. Liu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147 (2025) 9640–9652. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c17756
68. [68]
  H.D. Li, Y. Han, H. Zhao, et al., Nat. Commun. 11 (2020) 5437. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19277-9
69. [69]
  Z.K. Jing, Y.K. Guo, Q. Wang, et al., Nat. Commun. 15 (2024) 5806. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50009-5
70. [70]
  Y. Yuan, L. Chen, K.X. Song, et al., Nat. Commun. 15 (2024) 5636. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50094-6
71. [71]
  L. Ma, J.J. Zheng, N. Zhou, et al., Nat. Commun. 15 (2024) 233. doi: 10.3390/agronomy14020233
72. [72]
  C. Liu, L. Gui, J.J. Zheng, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145 (2023) 19086. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c07048
73. [73]
  N. Kar, M. McCoy, J. Wolfe, et al., Nat. Synth. 3 (2024) 175.
74. [74]
  C. Wang, F.Y. Yuan, Z.C. Yan, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147 (2025) 136. doi: 10.1021/jacs.4c04523
75. [75]
  C.J. Ding, J. Min, Y.K. Tan, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2401361. doi: 10.1002/adma.202401361
76. [76]
  H. Wei, E. Wang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (2013) 6060. doi: 10.1039/c3cs35486e
77. [77]
  Y.Y. Huang, J.S. Ren, X.G. Qu, Chem. Rev. 119 (2019) 4357. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00672
78. [78]
  L.J. Huang, D.W. Sun, H.B. Pu, et al., Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 18 (2019) 1496. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12485
79. [79]
  J.X. Feng, X.W. Yang, T. Du, et al., Adv. Sci. 10 (2023) 2303078. doi: 10.1002/advs.202303078
80. [80]
  Q. Yang, J.W. Zhang, Y.X. Tang, et al., Chem. Sci. 16 (2025) 10842–10851. doi: 10.1039/d5sc01799h
81. [81]
  K.Y. Feng, H.T. Wang, S. Zhou, et al., Adv. Sci. 12 (2025) 2502354. doi: 10.1002/advs.202502354
82. [82]
  R.X. Zhao, Y.L. Zhu, L.L. Feng, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2307115. doi: 10.1002/adma.202307115
83. [83]
  C.H. Li, H.W. Cheng, Z.Q. Zhuang, et al., Small Methods 9 (2025) 2500231. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202500231
84. [84]
  C.L.P. Pavithra, S.A. Sankaranarayanan, M. Pebam, et al., Mater. Lett. 312 (2022) 131659. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.131659
85. [85]
  Y.J. Ai, M.Q. He, H. Sun, et al., Adv. Mater. 35 (2023) 2302335. doi: 10.1002/adma.202302335
86. [86]
  P.P. Liang, B. Ballou, X.Y. Lv, et al., Adv. Mater. 33 (2021) 2005155. doi: 10.1002/adma.202005155
87. [87]
  X. He, Y. Qian, C. Wu, et al., Adv. Mater. 35 (2023) 2211432. doi: 10.1002/adma.202211432
88. [88]
  Y.X. Li, L.L. Yang, Y.J. Liao, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 (2023) 2302712. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202302712
89. [89]
  R. Zhang, W.W. Li, Z.C. Guo, et al., ACS Nano 19 (2025) 21348–21364. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c18444
90. [90]
  J. Sun, W. Liu, F. Liang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 36 (2026) e10855. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202510855
91. [91]
  N. Kar, S.E. Skrabalak, Nat. Rev. Mater. 10 (2025) 638–653. doi: 10.1038/s41578-025-00829-8
92. [92]
  W.L. Hsu, C.W. Tsai, A.C. Yeh, J.W. Yeh, Nat. Rev. Chem. 8 (2024) 471–485. doi: 10.1038/s41570-024-00602-5
93. [93]
  C.Y. Li, Z.C. Zhang, K.L. Zhu, et al., Nat. Synth. 4 (2025) 1422–1434. doi: 10.1038/s44160-025-00854-z
1. [1]
  Yukang Xiong , Lin Lv , Guokun Ma , Hanbin Wang , Houzhao Wan , Hao Wang . Construction and structural evolution of heterostructured cobalt-iron alloys@phosphates as oxygen evolution electrocatalyst toward rechargeable Zn-air battery. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(11): 100699-100699. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100699
2. [2]
  Pingfan Zhang , Shihuan Hong , Ning Song , Zhonghui Han , Fei Ge , Gang Dai , Hongjun Dong , Chunmei Li . Alloy as advanced catalysts for electrocatalysis: From materials design to applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 109073-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109073
3. [3]
  Lijun Mao , Shuo Li , Xin Zhang , Zhan-Ting Li , Da Ma . Cucurbit[n]uril-based nanostructure construction and modification. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109363-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109363
4. [4]
  Tianli Hui , Tao Zheng , Xiaoluo Cheng , Tonghui Li , Rui Zhang , Xianghai Meng , Haiyan Liu , Zhichang Liu , Chunming Xu . A review of plasma treatment on nano-microstructure of electrochemical water splitting catalysts. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(3): 100520-100520. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100520
5. [5]
  Chi Zhang , Zhilong Wang , Xinyue Wang , Yufei Zhang , Zhiguo Zhang , An Chen , Jinjin Li , Xitian Zhang , Lili Wu . Chip−like high−entropy oxide catalysts enhance fast sulfur evolution reaction for long−life lithium−sulfur batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 110551-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110551
6. [6]
  Bin Zhao , Heping Luo , Jiaqing Liu , Sha Chen , Han Xu , Yu Liao , Xue Feng Lu , Yan Qing , Yiqiang Wu . S-doped carbonized wood fiber decorated with sulfide heterojunction-embedded S, N-doped carbon microleaf arrays for efficient high-current-density oxygen evolution. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 109919-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109919
7. [7]
  Liming Li , Yanchang Liu , Peng Kang , Donghui Feng , Yuguang Zhang , Hangxing Ren , Jianrong Zeng , He Zhu , Qiang Li , Xiaoya Cui . Scalable and rapid liquid synthesis of PtNi electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 112022-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112022
8. [8]
  Junan Pan , Xinyi Liu , Huachao Ji , Yanwei Zhu , Yanling Zhuang , Kang Chen , Ning Sun , Yongqi Liu , Yunchao Lei , Kun Wang , Bao Zang , Longlu Wang . The strategies to improve TMDs represented by MoS₂ electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109515-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109515
9. [9]
  Yi Zhou , Yanzhen Liu , Yani Yan , Zonglin Yi , Yongfeng Li , Cheng-Meng Chen . Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction on La-Fe bimetal in porous N-doped carbon dodecahedra with CNTs wrapping. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109569-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109569
10. [10]
  Yuhan Zheng , Yunzhen Jia , Xuelei Lang , Dazhong Zhong , Jinping Li , Qiang Zhao . Stabilizing Cu²⁺ in perovskite via A-site modulation for efficient CO₂ electrocatalysis to CH₄. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(8): 111193-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111193
11. [11]
  Xingyu Liu , Huan Pang , Xiang Wu . Efficient alkaline freshwater/seawater splitting enabled by Ru doped Ni₂P@CoP nanoarchitectures. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(8): 111479-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111479
12. [12]
  Xingyu Liu , Xiang Wu . Transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation from water. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(8): 111801-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111801
13. [13]
  Dayang Xie , Qiannan Cao , Huapan Fang , Yanhui Li , Huayu Tian . Applications and challenges of biomedical polymer materials in pulmonary diseases. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111032-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111032
14. [14]
  Fan Wu , Shaoyang Wu , Xin Ye , Yurong Ren , Peng Wei . Research progress of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109851-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109851
15. [15]
  Zicong Yang , Guangshun Ran , Hui Song , Yukun Chang , Jinshu Wang , Hongyi Li . Synergistic Co Pd affection impart high overall water splitting efficiency to Pt/Ir-based electrocatalyst in acid. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(3): 111370-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111370
16. [16]
  Jiuli Xia , Shiqian Du , Liang Zhang , Peng Ye , Huasheng Lin , Shanhu Chen , Yangyang Zhou , Miaoyu Li , Yabin Xu , Qie Liu , Tehua Wang , Peng Long , Li Tao , Shuangyin Wang . Graphene-encapsulated ruthenium as efficient electrocatalyst for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(4): 110754-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110754
17. [17]
  Sumiya Akter Dristy , Md Ahasan Habib , Shusen Lin , Mehedi Hasan Joni , Rutuja Mandavkar , Young-Uk Chung , Md Najibullah , Jihoon Lee . Exploring Zn doped NiBP microspheres as efficient and stable electrocatalyst for industrial-scale water splitting. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(7): 100079-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100079
18. [18]
  Jia Wang , Qing Qin , Zhe Wang , Xuhao Zhao , Yunfei Chen , Liqiang Hou , Shangguo Liu , Xien Liu . P-Doped Carbon-Supported Zn_xP_yO_z for Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis under Ambient Conditions. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2304044-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304044
19. [19]
  Bizhu Shao , Huijun Dong , Yunnan Gong , Jianhua Mei , Fengshi Cai , Jinbiao Liu , Dichang Zhong , Tongbu Lu . Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Nickel Nanoparticles for Efficient CO₂ Electroreduction in Wide Potential Windows. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(4): 2305026-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202305026
20. [20]
  Qi Wang , Yuqing Liu , Jiefei Wang , Yuan-Yuan Ma , Jing Du , Zhan-Gang Han . Catalysts for electrocatalytic dechlorination of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons: synthetic strategies, applications, and challenges. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(10): 100120-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100120

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(19)
HTML views(1)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142