Citation: Junpu Yang, Yaoyao Bai, Huangjie Lu, Jingqi Ma, Jian Xie, Jie Qiu, Xiaofeng Guo, Yaxing Wang, Shuao Wang, Jian Lin. Emergence of acidity modulation as a new strategy for eliciting stable radicals in multi-stimuli-responsive metal-oxo clusters[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(11): 111702. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111702 shu

Emergence of acidity modulation as a new strategy for eliciting stable radicals in multi-stimuli-responsive metal-oxo clusters

Junpu Yang ^a ,
Yaoyao Bai ^a ,
Huangjie Lu ^b ,
Jingqi Ma ^a ,
Jian Xie ^c ,
Jie Qiu ^a ,
Xiaofeng Guo ^d ,
Yaxing Wang ^e ,
Shuao Wang ^e ,
Jian Lin ^{a, *,}

a.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
b.
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
c.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
d.
Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
e.
State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

jianlin@xjtu.edu.cn

Received Date: 6 July 2025
Revised Date: 3 August 2025
Accepted Date: 9 August 2025
Available Online: 11 August 2025

Figures(6)

Stable radicals have applications in numerous fields, yet their generation and stabilization remain methodologically challenging, with current achievements primarily limited to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In this work, we report the stabilization of radicals within metal-oxo clusters (MOCs) through an acidity modulation method, resulting in two thorium-oxo nanoclusters with identical structures but distinct photophysical properties. Under high-acidity conditions, yellow single crystals of Th-aca-Y, containing highly stable radical species, are obtained in situ, whereas lower acidity leads to the formation of Th-aca-C, a colorless and radical-free counterpart. Remarkably, the radical formed through acid modulation in Th-aca-Y exhibits unique UV-vis absorbance properties and considerably enhanced stability compared to the Xe light-induced radicals in Th-aca-C-Xe. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence characterization further confirmed the fundamentally different nature of the in situ generated radicals in Th-aca-Y compared to the light-induced radicals in Th-aca-C-Xe. In addition, these clusters display multi-stimuli-responsive properties, including photochromism, photothermal conversion, and notably, mechanochromic luminescence, which represents the first such instance in actinide-based materials.
- Radical,
- Photothermal conversion,
- Mechanochromic luminescence,
- Cluster,
- Thorium
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