Citation: Hairihan Zhou, Yue Zhang, Shujia Wang, Zhida Gao, Chenxi Zhao, Pei Song, Xiaona Li, Yan-Yan Song. Engineering a pH-responsive Fabry–Pérot interferometer for real-time glucose sensing[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(11): 111643. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111643 shu

Engineering a pH-responsive Fabry–Pérot interferometer for real-time glucose sensing

Hairihan Zhou ^a ,
Yue Zhang ^a ,
Shujia Wang ^a ,
Zhida Gao ^a ,
Chenxi Zhao ^a ,
Pei Song ^{b, *,} ,
Xiaona Li ^{c, *,} ,
Yan-Yan Song ^{a, *,}

a.
College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
b.
Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China
c.
School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China

peisong@zju.edu.cn

xnli@cmu.edu.cn

yysong@mail.neu.edu.cn

Received Date: 12 May 2025
Revised Date: 24 June 2025
Accepted Date: 14 July 2025
Available Online: 29 July 2025

Figures(5)

High sensitivity, accuracy, stability, and convenience are desirable features for the development of glucose sensors. Here we present a simple, wafer-scale strategy for engineering optical glucose sensors by self-assembling pH-responsive block-copolymer films and glucose oxidase (GOx) inside Fabry–Pérot (F–P) TiO₂ nanotube interferometers. The resulting hybrid membranes combine the nanoconfinement of TiO₂ tubes with the reversible swelling of poly(4-vinylpyridine) domains, transducing enzymatically generated pH shifts into large, reproducible shifts of the effective optical thickness (EOT) that are directly read in situ by reflective interferometric Fourier-transform spectroscopy (RIFTS). A cascade reaction—Prussian blue-catalysed oxidation of 4–chloro-1-naphthol by H₂O₂—precipitates 4–chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone within the tubes, amplifying the refractive index change and boosting sensitivity. The as-formed chips quantify glucose from 1 µmol/L to 10 mmol/L with two linear regimes (1–100 µmol/L, 0.1–10 mmol/L) and achieve a 0.9 µmol/L limit of detection, outperforming previously reported F–P and colorimetric platforms while retaining full functionality after multiple sensing/rinsing cycles. Owing to the excellent pH-responsive ability of BCP and the high sensitivity of RIFTS to EOT changes, the proposed F–P interferometer represents a promising device for the simulation and in situ investigation of enzymatic reactions in biochannels.
- Reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy,
- TiO₂ nanotube arrays,
- Block copolymer,
- Label-free,
- Fabry-Pérot,
- Interferometer
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