Citation: Weinan Hu, Li Li, Xinyu Wang, Yongqiang Zhang, Maoping Song, Linlin Shi, Xinqi Hao, Siyu Lu. Carbonized polymer dots: Illuminating synthesis pathways, optical frontiers, and photoelectronic breakthroughs[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2025, 36(11): 111612. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111612 shu

Carbonized polymer dots: Illuminating synthesis pathways, optical frontiers, and photoelectronic breakthroughs

Weinan Hu ^{a, 1} ,
Li Li ^{b, 1} ,
Xinyu Wang ^a ,
Yongqiang Zhang ^{a, *,} ,
Maoping Song ^a ,
Linlin Shi ^{a, *,} ,
Xinqi Hao ^{a, *,} ,
Siyu Lu ^{a, *,}

a.
College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
b.
Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Jiaozuo, Jiaozuo 454001, China

zhangyongqiang@zzu.edu.cn

linlinshi@zzu.edu.cn

xqhao@zzu.edu.cn

sylu2013@zzu.edu.cn

Received Date: 26 February 2025
Revised Date: 14 July 2025
Accepted Date: 18 July 2025
Available Online: 20 July 2025

Figures(7)

Since the discovery of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) two decades ago, this emerging family of carbon-based nanomaterials has rapidly risen to prominence. CPDs have found widespread applications in sensing, catalysis, energy, and biomedicine due to their flexible precursors and synthesis methods, tunable photoluminescence (PL) properties, and excellent biocompatibility. This report presents the advancements made in the realm of CPD precursors, elucidates their luminescence properties and underlying mechanisms, and explores the diverse applications of CPD-based materials. It comprehensively addresses key issues by delving into several interconnected chapters: Initially exploring the intriguing fluorescence and afterglow properties exhibited by CPDs, subsequently unraveling the complex luminescence mechanisms that underlie these phenomena, emphasizing the crucial aspect of controllable synthesis of CPDs, and ultimately culminating in the precise construction of composite materials tailored for applications in laser and electroluminescent devices. Furthermore, this report aims to provide communication and assistance for the controlled synthesis and expanded applications of CPDs.
- Carbonized polymer dots,
- Precursors,
- Optical properties,
- Luminescence mechanisms,
- Applications
1. [1]
  X. Xu, R. Ray, Y. Gu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 12736–12737. doi: 10.1021/ja040082h
2. [2]
  Y.P. Sun, B. Zhou, Y. Lin, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 7756–7757. doi: 10.1021/ja062677d
3. [3]
  C. Xia, S. Zhu, T. Feng, et al., Adv. Sci. 6 (2019) e1901316. doi: 10.1002/advs.201901316
4. [4]
  Y.J. Chung, J. Kim, C.B. Park, ACS Nano 14 (2020) 6470–6497. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02114
5. [5]
  Y. Zhai, B. Zhang, R. Shi, et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 12 (2022) e2103426. doi: 10.1002/aenm.202103426
6. [6]
  M. Zheng, S. Liu, J. Li, et al., Adv. Mater. 26 (2014) 3554–3560. doi: 10.1002/adma.201306192
7. [7]
  M. Zheng, S. Ruan, S.G. Liu, et al., ACS Nano 9 (2015) 11455–11461. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05575
8. [8]
  J. Hu, Z. Zheng, Y. Yang, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 13 (2024) 2401513. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202401513
9. [9]
  C. Zheng, S. Tao, X. Zhao, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63 (2024) e202408516. doi: 10.1002/anie.202408516
10. [10]
  P.D. Howes, R. Chandrawati, M.M. Stevens, Science 346 (2014) 1247390. doi: 10.1126/science.1247390
11. [11]
  X. Shi, H. Meng, Y. Sun, et al., Small 15 (2019) e1901507. doi: 10.1002/smll.201901507
12. [12]
  J. Du, N. Xu, J. Fan, et al., Small 15 (2019) e1805087. doi: 10.1002/smll.201805087
13. [13]
  H. Zhang, H. Ming, S. Lian, et al., Dalton Trans. 40 (2011) 10822–10825. doi: 10.1039/c1dt11147g
14. [14]
  J.Z. Duan, H.Y. Pei, Q. Yang, et al., Rare Met. 43 (2024) 2560–2573. doi: 10.1007/s12598-024-02646-4
15. [15]
  W. Lu, Y. Guo, J. Zhang, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 57206–57214. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c19495
16. [16]
  S.N. Baker, G.A. Baker, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49 (2010) 6726–6744. doi: 10.1002/anie.200906623
17. [17]
  S. Qu, H. Chen, X. Zheng, et al., Nanoscale 5 (2013) 5514–5518. doi: 10.1039/c3nr00619k
18. [18]
  D. Qu, M. Zheng, L. Zhang, et al., Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5294. doi: 10.1038/srep05294
19. [19]
  L. Chen, S. Yang, Y. Li, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2401246. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202401246
20. [20]
  Y. Jiang, T. Zhao, W. Xu, et al., Carbon 219 (2024) 118838. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.118838
21. [21]
  J. Li, H. Zhou, S. Jin, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2401493. doi: 10.1002/adma.202401493
22. [22]
  Y. Hu, O. Seivert, Y. Tang, H. Karahan, A. Bianco, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63 (2024) e202412341. doi: 10.1002/anie.202412341
23. [23]
  A. Lv, Q. Chen, C. Zhao, S. Li, S. Sun, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 32 (2021) 3653–3664. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.020
24. [24]
  N. Wang, C. Chen, H. Ren, E. Duan, Chin. Chem. Lett. 36 (2025) 110725. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110725
25. [25]
  Z. Yang, T. Xu, H. Li, et al., Chem. Rev. 123 (2023) 11047–11136. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00186
26. [26]
  P.J. Lai, S.G. Harroun, S.Y. Chen, et al., Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 228 (2016) 465–470. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.01.062
27. [27]
  C. Huang, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Guo, Colloid. Surf. A 668 (2023) 131456. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131456
28. [28]
  L. Wang, W. Li, L. Yin, et al., Sci. Adv. 6 (2020) eabb6772. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6772
29. [29]
  M. Chen, C. Liu, H. Sun, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 16 (2024) 9182–9189. doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c18131
30. [30]
  J. Wan, X. Zhang, Y. Jiang, et al., J. Mater. Chem. B 10 (2022) 6991–7002. doi: 10.1039/d2tb01330d
31. [31]
  Y. Yang, S. Sreekumar, R.V. Chimenti, et al., ACS Mater. Lett. 6 (2024) 1968–1976. doi: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01419
32. [32]
  S. Zhu, Q. Meng, L. Wang, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 (2013) 3953–3957. doi: 10.1002/anie.201300519
33. [33]
  Y.P. Hu, J. Yang, J.W. Tian, et al., J. Mater. Chem. B 3 (2015) 5608–5614. doi: 10.1039/C5TB01005E
34. [34]
  Q. Wang, T. Zhang, Q. Cheng, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2402976. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202402976
35. [35]
  J. Schneider, C.J. Reckmeier, Y. Xiong, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 121 (2017) 2014–2022. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12519
36. [36]
  Y.P. Liu, J.H. Lei, G. Wang, et al., Adv. Sci. 9 (2022) 2202283. doi: 10.1002/advs.202202283
37. [37]
  J. Joseph, A.A. Anappara, New. J. Chem. 40 (2016) 8110–8117. doi: 10.1039/C6NJ02107G
38. [38]
  Z.X. Liu, Z.L. Wu, M.X. Gao, et al. Chem. Commun. 52 (2016) 2063–2066. doi: 10.1039/C5CC08635C
39. [39]
  B.B. Chen, S. Chang, L. Jiang, et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 621 (2022) 464–469. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.089
40. [40]
  H. Guo, Z. Liu, X. Shen, et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 10 (2022) 8289–8296. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00715
41. [41]
  T. Jiang, J. Huang, G. Ran, et al., Anal. Sci. 39 (2023) 325–333.
42. [42]
  Y. Xu, C. Wang, T. Jiang, et al., J. Hazard. Mater. 427 (2022) 128092. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128092
43. [43]
  C. Wang, Y. He, J. Huang, et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 634 (2023) 221–230. doi: 10.1515/kern-2022-0089
44. [44]
  K. Jiang, S. Sun, L. Zhang, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 (2015) 5360–5363. doi: 10.1002/anie.201501193
45. [45]
  Z. Tian, X. Zhang, D. Li, et al., Adv. Opt. Mater. 5 (2017) 1700416. doi: 10.1002/adom.201700416
46. [46]
  H. Ding, S.B. Yu, J.S. Wei, et al., ACS Nano 10 (2016) 484–491. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05406
47. [47]
  B. Wang, J. Yu, L. Sui, et al., Adv. Sci. 8 (2021) 2001453. doi: 10.1002/advs.202001453
48. [48]
  J. Shao, S. Zhu, H. Liu, et al., Adv. Sci. 4 (2017) 1700395. doi: 10.1002/advs.201700395
49. [49]
  Y. An, C. Liu, M. Chen, et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 11 (2023) 23–28. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c06131
50. [50]
  X. Xu, L. Mo, W. Li, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 32 (2021) 3927–3930. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.056
51. [51]
  L. Ai, Z. Song, M. Nie, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62 (2023) e202217822. doi: 10.1002/anie.202217822
52. [52]
  X. Yang, L. Ai, J. Yu, et al., Sci. Bull. 67 (2022) 1450–1457. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.06.013
53. [53]
  L. Tang, L. Ai, Z. Song, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 (2023) 2303363. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202303363
54. [54]
  Y. Zhang, S. Ding, J. Yu, et al., Matter 7 (2024) 3518–3536. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.06.011
55. [55]
  Q. Zhang, R. Wang, B. Feng, X. Zhong, K. Ostrikov, Nat. Commun. 12 (2021) 6856. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27071-4
56. [56]
  W.A. Amer, A.F. Rehab, M.E. Abdelghafar, et al., Carbon N Y 179 (2021) 159–171. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.03.047
57. [57]
  D. Gu, L. Hong, L. Zhang, et al., J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 186 (2018) 144–151. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.012
58. [58]
  S.P. Wang, H.R. Zhao, J.L. Yang, et al., ACS Omega 8 (2023) 6550–6558. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06942
59. [59]
  A. Sachdeva, P. Gopinath, Analyst 140 (2015) 4260–4269. doi: 10.1039/C5AN00454C
60. [60]
  C. Wang, H. Shi, M. Yang, et al., Mater. Res. Bull. 124 (2020) 110730. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2019.110730
61. [61]
  L. Li, L. Shi, J. Jia, et al., Analyst 145 (2020) 5450–5457. doi: 10.1039/d0an01042a
62. [62]
  W. Meng, B. Wang, L. Ai, H. Song, S. Lu, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 598 (2021) 274–282. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.022
63. [63]
  Y. Xu, B. Wang, M. Zhang, et al., Adv. Mater. 34 (2022) 2200905. doi: 10.1002/adma.202200905
64. [64]
  K. Jiang, X. Gao, X. Feng, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59 (2020) 1263–1269. doi: 10.1002/anie.201911342
65. [65]
  B. Wang, Y. Yu, H. Zhang, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58 (2019) 18443–18448. doi: 10.1002/anie.201911035
66. [66]
  Z. Song, Y. Shang, Q. Lou, et al., Adv. Mater. 35 (2023) 2207970. doi: 10.1002/adma.202207970
67. [67]
  K. Jiang, S. Hu, Y. Wang, et al., Small 16 (2020) 2001909. doi: 10.1002/smll.202001909
68. [68]
  B. Wang, Z. Sun, J. Yu, et al., SmartMat 3 (2022) 337–348. doi: 10.1002/smm2.1123
69. [69]
  Y. Zhang, M. Li, S. Lu, Small 19 (2023) 2206080. doi: 10.1002/smll.202206080
70. [70]
  J. Liu, Y. Luo, Z. Ran, et al., Adv. Mater. 474 (2023) 145597.
71. [71]
  J. Gao, X. Wu, X. Jiang, et al., Carbon 208 (2023) 365–373. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.03.048
72. [72]
  L. Ai, W. Xiang, J. Xiao, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2401220. doi: 10.1002/adma.202401220
73. [73]
  W. Sun, Y. Zhang, G. Yin, S. Lu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2402346. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202402346
74. [74]
  S. Guan, X. Sun, X. Li, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 (2018) 16005–16014. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b02379
75. [75]
  C. Liu, R. Wang, B. Wang, et al., Microchim. Acta 185 (2018) 539. doi: 10.1007/s00604-018-3072-3
76. [76]
  A.M. Sk, A. Ananthanarayanan, L. Huang, et al., J. Mater. Chem. C 2 (2014) 6954–6960. doi: 10.1039/C4TC01191K
77. [77]
  N. Soni, S. Singh, S. Sharma, et al., Chem. Sci. 12 (2021) 3615–3626. doi: 10.1039/d0sc05879c
78. [78]
  P. Li, S. Xue, L. Sun, et al., Small 20 (2024) 2310563. doi: 10.1002/smll.202310563
79. [79]
  B. Wang, Z. Wei, L. Sui, et al., Light. Sci. Appl. 11 (2022) 172. doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-00865-x
80. [80]
  J. Hu, M. Lei, L. Yan, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 489 (2024) 151245. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.151245
81. [81]
  L. Mo, X. Xu, Z. Liu, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 426 (2021) 130728. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130728
82. [82]
  Z. Han, P. Li, Y. Deng, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 415 (2021) 128999. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.128999
83. [83]
  G.S. Zheng, C.L. Shen, C.Y. Niu, et al., Nat. Commun. 15 (2024) 2365. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46668-z
84. [84]
  J. He, Y. Chen, Y. He, et al., Small 16 (2020) 2005228. doi: 10.1002/smll.202005228
85. [85]
  Q. Wu, L. Wang, Y. Yan, et al., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 10 (2022) 3027–3036. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c08299
86. [86]
  R. Sapienza, Nat. Rev. Phys. 1 (2019) 690–695. doi: 10.1038/s42254-019-0113-8
87. [87]
  W.F. Zhang, H. Zhu, S.F. Yu, et al., Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 2263–2267. doi: 10.1002/adma.201104950
88. [88]
  Y. Zhang, H. Song, L. Wang, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60 (2021) 25514–25521. doi: 10.1002/anie.202111285
89. [89]
  J. Wang, S. Zhang, Y. Li, et al., Small 18 (2022) 2203152. doi: 10.1002/smll.202203152
90. [90]
  Y. Zhang, L. Wang, Y. Hu, et al., Small 19 (2023) 2207983. doi: 10.1002/smll.202207983
91. [91]
  Y. Liu, B. Wang, Y. Zhang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 34 (2024) 2401353. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202401353
92. [92]
  Y. Zhang, J. Wang, L. Wang, et al., Adv. Mater. 35 (2023) 2302536. doi: 10.1002/adma.202302536
93. [93]
  X.D. Wang, X.B. Mi, J.R. He, et al., Rare Met. 43 (2024) 3844–3853. doi: 10.1007/s12598-024-02660-6
94. [94]
  S. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Ni, et al., J. Alloys Compd. 957 (2023) 170307. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170307
95. [95]
  P. Huang, M.Z. Li, C.F. Wen, et al., Chem. Commun. 59 (2023) 8933–8936. doi: 10.1039/d3cc02105j
96. [96]
  B. Zhao, H. Ma, H. Jia, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62 (2023) e202301651. doi: 10.1002/anie.202301651
97. [97]
  B. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Hu, et al., Nano Lett. 23 (2023) 8794–8800. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02271
98. [98]
  B. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Hu, et al., Nano Lett. 24 (2024) 2904–2911. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00090
99. [99]
  B. Wang, H. Wang, B. Zhang, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. (2024) 2404437.
100. [100]
  M. Zheng, H. Jia, B. Zhao, et al., Small 19 (2023) 2206715. doi: 10.1002/smll.202206715
101. [101]
  D. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Yin, et al., Adv. Opt. Mater. 11 (2023) 2300075. doi: 10.1002/adom.202300075
102. [102]
  H. Wang, B. Zhang, B. Wang, et al., Nano Lett. 24 (2024) 8702–8708. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02110
1. [1]
  Da Yue , Tanglue Feng , Zhicheng Zhu , Mingcheng Zhang , Liyuan Chen , Xiao Han , Haizhu Sun , Bai Yang . Carbonized polymer dots confined active Ru-O sites for boosting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(11): 111393-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111393
2. [2]
  Tong Zhao , Ke Wang , Feiyu Liu , Shiyu Zhang , Shih-Hsin Ho . Recent progress of tailoring valuable graphene quantum dots from biomass. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110321-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110321
3. [3]
  Weiping Guo , Ying Zhu , Hong-Hua Cui , Lingyun Li , Yan Yu , Zhong-Zhen Luo , Zhigang Zou . β-Pb₃P₂S₈: A new optical crystal with exceptional birefringence effect. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110256-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110256
4. [4]
  Hangwen Zheng , Ziqian Wang , HuiJie Zhang , Jing Lei , Rihui Li , Jian Yang , Haiyan Wang . Synthesis and applications of B, N co-doped carbons for zinc-based energy storage devices. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110245-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110245
5. [5]
  Hao Lv , Zhi Li , Peng Yin , Ping Wan , Mingshan Zhu . Recent progress on non-metallic carbon nitride for the photosynthesis of H₂O₂: Mechanism, modification and in-situ applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 110457-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110457
6. [6]
  Fengshun Wang , Huachao Ji , Zefei Wu , Kang Chen , Wenqi Gao , Chen Wang , Longlu Wang , Jianmei Chen , Dafeng Yan . The advanced development of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes: From preparation to application. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 109898-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109898
7. [7]
  Huili Zhao , Xiao Tan , Huining Chai , Lin Hu , Hongbo Li , Lijun Qu , Xueji Zhang , Guangyao Zhang . Recent advances in conductive MOF-based electrochemical sensors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(8): 110571-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110571
8. [8]
  Ping Wang , Chunmao Chen , Hongwei Ren , Erhong Duan . A review of carbon dots in synthesis strategies, photoluminescence mechanisms, and applications in wastewater treatment. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110725-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110725
9. [9]
  Chaochao Jin , Kai Li , Jiongpei Zhang , Zhihua Wang , Jiajing Tan . N,O-Bidentated difluoroboron complexes based on pyridine-ester enolates: Facile synthesis, post-complexation modification, optical properties, and applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109532-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109532
10. [10]
  Wanting CHEN , Chufei MIAO , Yan LIU , Bobi ZHENG , Xiaoyu ZHENG , Han XU , Jumei TIAN . Syntheses, characterization, and luminescence properties of Yb(Ⅲ)-based one-dimensional chain coordination polymer. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(8): 1672-1680. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20250013
11. [11]
  Yinglan Yu , Sajid Hussain , Jianping Qi , Lei Luo , Xuemei Zhang . Mechanisms and applications: Cargos transport to basolateral membranes in polarized epithelial cells. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109673-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109673
12. [12]
  Wenya Chi , Ruiyao Liu , Wenbo Zhou , Weilin Li , Yuan Yu . The mechanisms of interaction between biomaterials and cells/cellular microenvironment and the applications in neural injuries. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(8): 110587-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110587
13. [13]
  Chunyuan Kang , Xiaoyu Li , Fan Yang , Bai Yang . Ionic-bond crosslinked carbonized polymer dots for tunable and enhanced room temperature phosphorescence. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(1): 100156-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100156
14. [14]
  Siting Cai , Xiang Chen , Shuli Wang , Xinqin Liao , Zhong Chen , Yue Lin . Silica coating of quantum dots and their applications in optoelectronic fields. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110798-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110798
15. [15]
  Qiang Fu , Shouhong Sun , Kangzhi Lu , Ning Li , Zhanhua Dong . Boron-doped carbon dots: Doping strategies, performance effects, and applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109136-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109136
16. [16]
  Shuaiwen Li , Zihui Chen , Feng Yang , Wanqing Yue . The age of vanadium-based nanozymes: Synthesis, catalytic mechanisms, regulation and biomedical applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108793-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108793
17. [17]
  Yulong Liu , Haoran Lu , Tong Yang , Peng Cheng , Xu Han , Wenyan Liang . Catalytic applications of amorphous alloys in wastewater treatment: A review on mechanisms, recent trends, challenges and future directions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109492-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109492
18. [18]
  Yujie Xie , Kexin Yuan , Beiyang Luo , Haoran Feng , Xian Bao , Jun Ma . Osmotic membranes for municipal wastewater reclamation: Insights into applications, transmembrane diffusion mechanisms and prospects. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(7): 110443-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110443
19. [19]
  Shengfei Dong , Ziyu Liu , Xiaoyi Yang . Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for jet fuel precursors: A review. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109142-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109142
20. [20]
  Lei Zhou , Youjun Zhou , Lizhen Fang , Yiqiao Bai , Yujia Meng , Liang Li , Jie Yang , Yong Yao . Pillar[5]arene based artificial light-harvesting supramolecular polymer for efficient and recyclable photocatalytic applications. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109509-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109509

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(23)
HTML views(3)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142