Citation: Fan Meng, Yiqing Zhang, Zhen Yuan, Zhangyong Hong, Bin Yang, Jian Zhang. Recent progress on nanoadjuvants: From design and assembly to biomedical imaging[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(2): 111608. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111608 shu

Recent progress on nanoadjuvants: From design and assembly to biomedical imaging

Fan Meng ^{a, 1} ,
Yiqing Zhang ^{a, b, 1} ,
Zhen Yuan ^b ,
Zhangyong Hong ^{c, *,} ,
Bin Yang ^{a, e, *,} ,
Jian Zhang ^{a, d, *,}

a.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
b.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
c.
State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
d.
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Respiratory Rehabilitation Devices, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
e.
The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511300, China

hongzy@nankai.edu.cn

bin.yang@gzhmu.edu.cn

jianzhang@gzhmu.edu.cn

Received Date: 7 May 2025
Revised Date: 17 July 2025
Accepted Date: 18 July 2025
Available Online: 18 July 2025

Figures(8)

Adjuvants enhance and prolong the immune response to therapeutic agents, such as drugs and vaccines. However, conventional adjuvants have limitations in terms of immune specificity and duration. Nanoadjuvants can leverage their nanoscale size to increase the capture efficacy of antigens by antigen-presenting cells and improve immunogen presentation for targeted delivery. Furthermore, noninvasive visualization of bifunctional nanoadjuvants with integrated efficacy and imaging postdelivery can provide insights into in vivo distribution and performance, aiding in the optimization and design of new dosage forms. This review systematically summarizes the structure, assembly, and function of nanoadjuvants alongside contrast agents. It delves into the impact of complex structures formed by nanoadjuvant-contrast agent interactions on antigen presentation, migration, imaging tracking, and visualization of immune cell recruitment. It also discusses how imaging can determine optimal immune intervals, vaccine safety, and toxicity while enabling diagnostic and therapeutic integration. Moreover, this paper discusses potential applications of novel adjuvants and promising imaging technologies that could have implications for future vaccine and drug development endeavors.
- Nanoadjuvant,
- Contrast agent,
- Structure and assembly,
- Integration of diagnosis and treatment,
- Biomedical imaging
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142