Citation: Jia Wang, Yunxiu Fan, Shilin Xu, Zhouxue Wu, Tian Hu, Yun Lu, Yue Li, Kang Xiong, Hongjun Deng, Jingrong Huang, Bo Yang, Shaozhi Fu. Self-propelled biomotors co-deliver doxorubicin liposomes and aPD-1 antibody to fight breast cancer[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(2): 111607. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111607 shu

Self-propelled biomotors co-deliver doxorubicin liposomes and aPD-1 antibody to fight breast cancer

Jia Wang ^{a, 1} ,
Yunxiu Fan ^{b, 1} ,
Shilin Xu ^{a, 1} ,
Zhouxue Wu ^a ,
Tian Hu ^a ,
Yun Lu ^a ,
Yue Li ^c ,
Kang Xiong ^a ,
Hongjun Deng ^a ,
Jingrong Huang ^a ,
Bo Yang ^{b, *,} ,
Shaozhi Fu ^{a, d, *,}

a.
Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
b.
Cancer center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
c.
Medicine and Health Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München 81675, Germany
d.
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China

silenceyb1988@163.com

shaozhifu513@163.com

Received Date: 29 April 2025
Revised Date: 15 July 2025
Accepted Date: 18 July 2025
Available Online: 18 July 2025

Figures(4)

Although the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy can improve the treatment of breast cancer, traditional drugs are highly toxic because they do not specifically target tumors. In this study, we developed a self-driving bacteria/nanoparticle biohybrid called Bif@PDA-aPD1/DOX-Lip by attaching polydopamine (PDA) coated doxorubicin (DOX) liposomes and the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (aPD-1) to Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis, Bif). Using the homing abilities of bacteria, Bif@PDA-aPD1/DOX-Lip could actively accumulate in tumor tissue, releasing DOX and aPD-1 in the acidic environment to have a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Results show that the concentration of DOX in tumors of the Bif@PDA-aPD1/DOX-Lip group was 6.31 times higher than in the free DOX group. The combination of DOX and aPD-1 not only killed tumor cells but also promoted immune normalization by maturing dendritic cells (DCs), increasing M1 macrophage ratio, and enhancing infiltration of CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells in tumors and spleen. Therefore, Bif@PDA-aPD1/DOX-Lip therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased the average survival time of mice to over 80 days. The Bif@PDA-aPD1/DOX-Lip biomotors offer a highly effective method for enhancing chemo-immunotherapy in solid tumors.
- Anaerobic bacteria,
- Liposome,
- Doxorubicin,
- Anti-PD-1 antibody,
- Chemo-immunotherapy,
- Breast cancer
1. [1]
  J. Wu, D. Fan, Z. Shao, et al., Holist. Integr. Oncol. 1 (2022) 7. doi: 10.1007/s44178-022-00007-8
2. [2]
  L. Yang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, et al., ACS Nano 16 (2022) 9799–9809. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03573
3. [3]
  R. Lappano, M. Talia, F. Cirillo, et al., J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 39 (2020) 153. doi: 10.1186/s13046-020-01667-y
4. [4]
  X. Wu, X. Chen, X. Wang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 108756. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108756
5. [5]
  Z. Zhao, L. Fang, P. Xiao, et al., Adv. Mater. 34 (2022) 2205462. doi: 10.1002/adma.202205462
6. [6]
  W. Lu, W. Liu, A. Hu, et al., Int. J. Nanomed. 18 (2023) 861–879. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s382109
7. [7]
  J. Li, J. Dai, L. Zhao, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 33 (2023) 2303254. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202303254
8. [8]
  J. Wang, S. Liu, X. Meng, et al., Circ. Res. 134 (2024) 550–568. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.323346
9. [9]
  M. Ozcan, Z. Guo, C.V. Ripoll, et al., Cell Metab. 35 (2024) 928–942.
10. [10]
  Y. Lu, L. Chen, Z. Wu, et al., Biomed. Pharmacother. 169 (2023) 115846. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115846
11. [11]
  J. Li, Q. Wen, J. Dai, et al., Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 267 (2024) 131428. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131428
12. [12]
  R. Xie, Y. Wang, F. Tong, et al., Small 19 (2023) 2300570. doi: 10.1002/smll.202300570
13. [13]
  W. Chen, K. Shi, Y. Yu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 109159. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109159
14. [14]
  M. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Li, et al., MedComm Biomater. Appl. 4 (2025) e70012.
15. [15]
  M.T. Manzari, Y. Shamay, H. Kiguchi, et al., Nat. Rev. Mater. 6 (2021) 351–370. doi: 10.1038/s41578-020-00269-6
16. [16]
  C. Fan, X. Wang, Y. Wang, et al., Pharmaceutics 15 (2023) 1128. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041128
17. [17]
  Y. Wu, Z. Zhang, Y. Wei, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108908.
18. [18]
  M.S. Carlino, J. Larkin, G.V. Long, Lancet 398 (2021) 1002–1014. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01206-X
19. [19]
  N.S. Patil, B.Y. Nabet, S. Muller, et al., Cancer Cell 40 (2022) 289–300. e4. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.02.002
20. [20]
  S. Deng, J. Wang, Y. Hu, et al., J. Nanobiotechnology 22 (2024) 156. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02413-8
21. [21]
  F. Zhou, X. Li, X. Xue, et al., Adv. Healthc. Mater. 12 (2023) 2202757. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202202757
22. [22]
  G. Ma, N. Kostevsek, I. Monaco, et al., J. Control. Release 332 (2021) 419–433. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.002
23. [23]
  T. He, L. Wang, S. Gou, et al., ACS Nano 17 (2023) 9953–9971. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11474
24. [24]
  M. Sun, W. Shi, Y. Wu, et al., Adv. Sci. 10 (2023) 2205247. doi: 10.1002/advs.202205247
25. [25]
  Y. Yan, A.B. Kumar, H. Finnes, et al., Front. Immunol. 9 (2018) 1739. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01739
26. [26]
  S. Yang, M.K. Shim, W.J. Kim, et al., Biomaterials 272 (2021) 120791. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120791
27. [27]
  B. Wei, J. Pan, R. Yuan, et al., Nano Lett. 21 (2021) 4231–4240. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00209
28. [28]
  L. Wang, Z. Cao, M. Zhang, et al., Adv. Mater. 34 (2022) 2106669. doi: 10.1002/adma.202106669
29. [29]
  J. Zhao, H. Huang, J. Zhao, et al., Acta Pharm. Sin. B 12 (2022) 2683–2694. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.019
30. [30]
  X. Zhang, Z. Wei, Z. Ding, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 451 (2023) 138971. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.138971
31. [31]
  Y. Wang, X. Huang, Q. Wu, et al., MedComm. Biomater. Appl. 3 (2024) e106.
32. [32]
  S. Xiao, H. Shi, Y. Zhang, et al., J. Nanobiotechnology 20 (2022) 178. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01373-1
33. [33]
  H. Guo, Z. Cao, J. Li, et al., ACS Nano 17 (2023) 5059–5071. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00032
34. [34]
  W. Zong, Y. Hu, Y. Su, et al., J. Microencapsul. 33 (2016) 257–262. doi: 10.3109/02652048.2016.1156176
1. [1]
  Xiaopeng Han , Jiayin Li , Fei Li , Zhongyue Yuan , Hao Li , Lei Yang , Yan-Ming Xia , Chao Teng , Chao Qin , Lifang Yin . ROS-sensitive dihydroartemisinin prodrug amplify chemo-immunotherapy efficacy of doxorubicin by coordinating robust tumor cell immunogenic cell death and PD-L1 blockade. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111335-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111335
2. [2]
  Jiangshan Xu , Weifei Zhang , Zhengwen Cai , Yong Li , Long Bai , Shaojingya Gao , Qiang Sun , Yunfeng Lin . Tetrahedron DNA nanostructure/iron-based nanomaterials for combined tumor therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109620-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109620
3. [3]
  Yulin Chen , Guangchao Wang , Fengjin Zhou , Zhifeng Yin , Fuming Shen , Weizong Weng , Hao Zhang , Yingying Jiang , Xinru Liu , Yonghui Deng , Yuan Chen , Ke Xu , Jiacan Su . Targeting TRPA1 with liposome-encapsulated drugs anchored to microspheres for effective osteoarthritis treatment. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110053-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110053
4. [4]
  An Lu , Yuhao Guo , Yi Yan , Lin Zhai , Xiangyu Wang , Weiran Cao , Zijie Li , Zhixia Zhao , Yujie Shi , Yuanjun Zhu , Xiaoyan Liu , Huining He , Zhiyu Wang , Jian-Cheng Wang . Nanomedicine integrating the lipidic derivative of 5-fluorouracil, miriplatin and PD-L1 siRNA for enhancing tumor therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(6): 108928-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108928
5. [5]
  Lijuan Liu , Zhihao Zhao , Feiwan Zou , Wukun Liu , Yunlong Lu . Advances in combination therapy for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(10): 111451-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111451
6. [6]
  Xiangqian Cao , Chenkai Yang , Xiaodong Zhu , Mengxin Zhao , Yilin Yan , Zhengnan Huang , Jinming Cai , Jingming Zhuang , Shengzhou Li , Wei Li , Bing Shen . Synergistic enhancement of chemotherapy for bladder cancer by photothermal dual-sensitive nanosystem with gold nanoparticles and PNIPAM. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109199-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109199
7. [7]
  Keqiang Shi , Xiujuan Hong , Dongyan Xu , Tao Pan , Huiwen Wang , Hongru Feng , Cheng Guo , Yuanjiang Pan . Analysis of RNA modifications in peripheral white blood cells from breast cancer patients by mass spectrometry. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 110079-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110079
8. [8]
  Xinyue Han , Yunhan Yang , Jiayin Lu , Yuxiang Lin , Dongxue Zhang , Ling Lin , Liang Qiao . Efficient serum lipids profiling by TiO₂-dopamin-assisted MALDI-TOF MS for breast cancer detection. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110183-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110183
9. [9]
  Lulu He , Le Wang , Zhen He , Yiqian Yang , Cheng Heng Pang , Aiguo Wu , Bencan Tang , Juan Li . An imine-linked covalent organic framework with intrinsic photo-induced mitochondrial regulation for breast cancer therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110717-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110717
10. [10]
  Cheng-Zhe Gao , Hao-Ran Jia , Tian-Yu Wang , Xiao-Yu Zhu , Xiaofeng Han , Fu-Gen Wu . A dual drug-loaded tumor vasculature-targeting liposome for tumor vasculature disruption and hypoxia-enhanced chemotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109840-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109840
11. [11]
  Hongyi Huang , Siyao Che , Wenjie Zhou , Yunchu Zhang , Weiling Zhuo , Xijing Yang , Songping Zheng , Jiagang Liu , Xiang Gao . Apatinib potentiates doxorubicin with cRGD-functionalized pH-sensitive micelles against glioma. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110084-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110084
12. [12]
  Xin Liu , Haoran Zhu , Yi Wang , Haili Zhang , Yujie Li , Hongcheng Gao , Yi Han , Dejin Wang , Yunsheng Xia . Carbon dots-embedded hydrogel ratiometric fluorescent platform for portable determination of doxorubicin in clinical samples. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(2): 111891-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111891
13. [13]
  Linghui Zou , Meng Cheng , Kaili Hu , Jianfang Feng , Liangxing Tu . Vesicular drug delivery systems for oral absorption enhancement. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109129-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109129
14. [14]
  Han Han , Bi-Te Chen , Jia-Rong Ding , Jin-Ming Si , Tian-Jiao Zhou , Yi Wang , Lei Xing , Hu-Lin Jiang . A PDGFRβ-targeting nanodrill system for pancreatic fibrosis therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109583-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109583
15. [15]
  Yizhi Ge , Jiahui Zou , Hui Liu , Wei He , Huanfeng Zhu . Cisplatin-polyphenol complex liposomes reduce chemotherapy toxicity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111450-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111450
16. [16]
  Shuheng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Wanyu Wang , Yuzhu Hu , Xinchuan Chen , Bilan Wang , Xiang Gao . A combination strategy of DOX and VEGFR-2 targeted inhibitor based on nanomicelle for enhancing lymphoma therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109658-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109658
17. [17]
  Meng Sun , Jiazhen Yang , Leijiao Li , Yunhui Li , Wenliang Li , Jianxun Ding . Engineered bacteria potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 111093-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111093
18. [18]
  Jialin Xie , Qing Feng , Zhen Li , Jinyi Yang , Min Liu , Wei Qi . Life’s Guardian Angel: Progesterone. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 416-419. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403068
19. [19]
  Ying Sun , Minglong Chen , Ying Chen , Wanchen Zhao , Yanping Fu , Zhengwei Huang , Chao Lu , Chuanbin Wu , Xin Pan , Guilan Quan . Dissolving microneedle-assisted in situ cancer vaccine combined with cytolytic peptide for anti-melanoma immunotherapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(12): 110908-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110908
20. [20]
  Kun Chen , Huimin Lin , Xin Peng , Ziying Wu , Jingyue Dai , Yi Sun , Yaxuan Feng , Ziyi Huang , Zhiqiang Yu , Meng Yu , Guangyu Yao , Jigang Wang . In situ synthesis of MnO₂ micro/nano-adjuvants for enhanced immunotherapy of breast tumors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110045-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110045

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(10)
HTML views(1)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142