Citation: Guanlong Li, Zhuoyan Li, Yan Sun, Tiange Bu, Shaochuan Chen, Leixin Yang, Zhi Li, Wenyue Mao, Yanpeng Jia. Advances in CNS drug delivery strategies to cross the blood-brain barrier[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(1): 111524. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111524 shu

Advances in CNS drug delivery strategies to cross the blood-brain barrier

Guanlong Li ^{a, 1} ,
Zhuoyan Li ^{a, 1} ,
Yan Sun ^a ,
Tiange Bu ^b ,
Shaochuan Chen ^a ,
Leixin Yang ^a ,
Zhi Li ^a ,
Wenyue Mao ^a ,
Yanpeng Jia ^{a, *,}

a.
Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
b.
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada

jiayanpeng@seu.edu.cn

Received Date: 2 April 2025
Revised Date: 26 June 2025
Accepted Date: 27 June 2025
Available Online: 27 June 2025

Figures(9)

In recent years, development of strategies to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases has attracted extensive attention. A major obstacle in this field is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which significantly limits the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain and hinders the treatment of CNS diseases. Overcoming the restrictive nature of the BBB has thus emerged as a key objective in CNS drug development. Nanomaterials have garnered growing interest due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential to traverse the BBB, enabling targeted drug delivery to brain tissue and improving therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we present current insights into the structure and function of the BBB and highlight a range of nanomaterial-based strategies for BBB penetration, including receptor-mediated transport (RMT), adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, reversible BBB disruption, and intranasal administration. Finally, we summarize recent advances in enhancing BBB permeability for CNS therapeutics and discuss persisting challenges, offering perspectives for future research in this field.
- Blood-brain barrier,
- Brain target,
- Central nervous system diseases,
- Drug delivery,
- Nanomaterials
1. [1]
  M. Srikanth, J.A. Kessler, Nat. Rev. Neurol. 8 (2012) 307–318. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.76
2. [2]
  J. Xie, Z. Shen, Y. Anraku, K. Kataoka, X. Chen, Biomaterials 224 (2019) 119491. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119491
3. [3]
  D.J. Begley, Pharmacol. Ther. 104 (2004) 29–45. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.001
4. [4]
  S. Wohlfart, S. Gelperina, J. Kreuter, J. Control. Release 161 (2012) 264–273. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.017
5. [5]
  H. Gao, Z. Pang, X. Jiang, Pharm. Res. 30 (2013) 2485–2498. doi: 10.1007/s11095-013-1122-4
6. [6]
  E. Bender, Nature 561 (2018) S46–S47. doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-06707-4
7. [7]
  M.G. Baratta, Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 (2018) 536. doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0182-3
8. [8]
  W.M. Pardridge, J. Neurochem. 70 (1998) 1781–1792. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70051781.x
9. [9]
  W. Chen, K. Shi, Y. Yu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 109159. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109159
10. [10]
  S. Cheng, M. Pan, D. Hu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108276. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108276
11. [11]
  Z. Cao, X. Zuo, X. Liu, G. Xu, K.T. Yong, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 330 (2024) 103206. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103206
12. [12]
  M. Yu, D. Su, Y. Yang, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 176–186. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b16219
13. [13]
  Z. Wang, Z. Feng, F. Du, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108137. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108137
14. [14]
  A. Ivask, E.H. Pilkington, T. Blin, et al., Biomater. Sci. 6 (2018) 314–323. doi: 10.1039/c7bm01012e
15. [15]
  H. Liu, Y. Yu, T. Xue, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 108574. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108574
16. [16]
  Y. Liu, T. Huang, Z. Qian, W. Chen, Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108103. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108103
17. [17]
  Q. Feng, Y. Shen, Y. Fu, et al., Theranostics 7 (2017) 1875–1889. doi: 10.7150/thno.18985
18. [18]
  L. Ribovski, N.M. Hamelmann, J.M.J. Paulusse, Pharmaceutics 13 (2021) 2045. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122045
19. [19]
  R. Yang, B. Xu, B. Yang, et al., RNA Biol. 18 (2021) 108–116. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1950465
20. [20]
  R. Yang, W. Liu, L. Miao, et al., Oncotarget 7 (2016) 63839–63855. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.11696
21. [21]
  E. Candelario-Jalil, R.M. Dijkhuizen, T. Magnus, Stroke 53 (2022) 1473–1486. doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.036946
22. [22]
  L. Tang, R. Zhang, Y. Wang, et al., J. Control. Release 369 (2024) 642–657. doi: 10.3390/s24020642
23. [23]
  F. Mo, A. Pellerino, R. Soffietti, R. Rudà, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 (2021) 12654. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312654
24. [24]
  S. Quader, K. Kataoka, H. Cabral, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 182 (2022) 114115. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114115
25. [25]
  Y. Jia, L. Xu, S. Leng, et al., Adv. Mater. 37 (2025) 2500598. doi: 10.1002/adma.202500598
26. [26]
  C. Qin, S. Yang, Y. -H. Chu, et al., Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 7 (2022) 215. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01064-1
27. [27]
  C. Xie, J. Liao, N. Zhang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 35 (2024) 109149. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109149
28. [28]
  S. Sasannia, R. Leigh, P.B. Bastani, et al., Neurotherapeutics 22 (2025) e00516. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00516
29. [29]
  Y. Wang, W. Jia, J. Zhu, R. Xu, Y. Lin, Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107746. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107746
30. [30]
  J. Han, X. Zhang, L. Kang, J. Guan, J. Neuroinflamm. 22 (2025) 120. doi: 10.20855/ijav.2025.30.2e115
31. [31]
  J. Gu, C. Yan, S. Yin, et al., J. Control. Release 366 (2024) 448–459. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.030
32. [32]
  H. Zeng, Y. Qi, Z. Zhang, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 32 (2021) 1857–1868. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.01.014
33. [33]
  N. Vijiaratnam, T. Simuni, O. Bandmann, H.R. Morris, T. Foltynie, Lancet Neurol. 20 (2021) 559–572. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00061-2
34. [34]
  E.F. van Vliet, M.J. Knol, R.M. Schiffelers, M. Caiazzo, M. Fens, J. Control. Release 360 (2023) 212–224. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.026
35. [35]
  L. Cui, S. Li, S. Wang, et al., Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 9 (2024) 30. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01738-y
36. [36]
  K.A. Dudek, L. Dion-Albert, M. Lebel, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117 (2020) 3326–3336. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1914655117
37. [37]
  C. Greene, N. Hanley, C.R. Reschke, et al., Nat. Commun. 13 (2022) 2003. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29657-y
38. [38]
  I. Hamad, A.A. Harb, Y. Bustanji, Pharmaceutics 16 (2024) 400. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030400
39. [39]
  Y. Zheng, L. Cui, H. Lu, et al., Int. J. Nanomedicine 19 (2024) 12343–12368. doi: 10.2147/ijn.s497480
40. [40]
  M.A. Beach, U. Nayanathara, Y. Gao, et al., Chem. Rev. 124 (2024) 5505–5616. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00705
41. [41]
  Y. Chen, Q. Zeng, B. Chu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108133. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108133
42. [42]
  W. Jia, Y. Wu, Y. Xie, M. Yu, Y. Chen, Adv. Mater. 37 (2025) e2413603. doi: 10.1002/adma.202413603
43. [43]
  Y. Yu, C. Zhang, X. Yang, L. Sun, F. Bian, Small Methods 9 (2025) e2401220. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202401220
44. [44]
  W. Sun, X. Chai, Y. Zhang, et al., Chem. Rec. 24 (2024) e202400179. doi: 10.1002/tcr.202400179
45. [45]
  T. Muthukumaran, J. Philip, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 334 (2024) 103314. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103314
46. [46]
  M. Bai, X. Shao, C. Wang, et al., Mater. Horiz. 12 (2025) 673–693. doi: 10.1039/d4mh01256a
47. [47]
  J. Wang, X. Fan, X. Han, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) e2312374. doi: 10.1002/adma.202312374
48. [48]
  Y. Meng, J. Zhang, Y. Liu, et al., J. Adv. Res. 71 (2025) 551–570. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.023
49. [49]
  R.H. Mo, J.L. Zaro, W.C. Shen, Mol. Pharm. 9 (2012) 299–309. doi: 10.1021/mp200481g
50. [50]
  F. Madani, S. Lindberg, U. Langel, S. Futaki, A. Graslund, Biophys. J. 2011 (2011) 414729.
51. [51]
  S. Stalmans, E. Wynendaele, N. Bracke, et al., PLoS One 8 (2013) e71752. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071752
52. [52]
  M. Lindgren, U. Langel, Methods Mol. Biol. 683 (2011) 3–19. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-919-2_1
53. [53]
  T. Kanazawa, K. Morisaki, S. Suzuki, Y. Takashima, Mol. Pharm. 11 (2014) 1471–1478. doi: 10.1021/mp400644e
54. [54]
  S. Stalmans, N. Bracke, E. Wynendaele, et al., PLoS One 10 (2015) e0139652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139652
55. [55]
  P. Lundberg, S. El-Andaloussi, T. Sutlu, H. Johansson, U. Langel, FASEB J. 21 (2007) 2664–2671. doi: 10.1096/fj.06-6502com
56. [56]
  Y. Hu, K. Jiang, D. Wang, et al., Acta Biomater. 138 (2022) 478–490. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.042
57. [57]
  M. Sanchez-Navarro, E. Giralt, Pharmaceutics 14 (2022) 1874. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091874
58. [58]
  G. Guidotti, L. Brambilla, D. Rossi, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 47 (2019) 102–109. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.007
59. [59]
  H. Gao, J. Qian, S. Cao, et al., Biomaterials 33 (2012) 5115–5123. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.058
60. [60]
  A.R. Jones, E.V. Shusta, Pharm. Res. 24 (2007) 1759–1771. doi: 10.1007/s11095-007-9379-0
61. [61]
  V.I. Brown, M.I. Greene, DNA Cell Biol. 10 (1991) 399–409. doi: 10.1089/dna.1991.10.399
62. [62]
  R.R. Lin, L.L. Jin, Y.Y. Xue, et al., Adv. Sci. 11 (2024) 2306675. doi: 10.1002/advs.202306675
63. [63]
  M. Yamamoto, K. Ikeda, K. Ohshima, et al., Cancer Res. 57 (1997) 2799–2805.
64. [64]
  L. Maletinska, E.A. Blakely, K.A. Bjornstad, et al., Cancer Res. 60 (2000) 2300–2303.
65. [65]
  X. Tian, S. Nyberg, S.S. P., et al., Sci. Rep. 5 (2015) 11990. doi: 10.1038/srep11990
66. [66]
  M. Demeule, J.C. Currie, Y. Bertrand, et al., J. Neurochem. 106 (2008) 1534–1544. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05492.x
67. [67]
  P. Figueiredo, V. Balasubramanian, M.A. Shahbazi, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 511 (2016) 794–803. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.066
68. [68]
  F. Lu, Z. Pang, J. Zhao, et al., Int. J. Nanomedicine 12 (2017) 2117–2127. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S123422
69. [69]
  H.I. Cho, M.J. Seo, S.M. Lee, Biochem. Pharmacol. 131 (2017) 40–51. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.008
70. [70]
  B. Du, Y. Li, X. Li, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 384 (2010) 140–147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.045
71. [71]
  L. Hu, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, et al., Colloids Surf. B 171 (2018) 638–646. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.009
72. [72]
  Y. Zhu, Y. Jiang, F. Meng, et al., J. Control. Release 278 (2018) 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.025
73. [73]
  Z. Zong, L. Hua, Z. Wang, et al., Drug Deliv. 26 (2019) 34–44. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1534897
74. [74]
  J. Ren, S. Shen, D. Wang, et al., Biomaterials 33 (2012) 3324–3333. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.025
75. [75]
  Z.Z. Yang, J.Q. Li, Z.Z. Wang, D.W. Dong, X.R. Qi, Biomaterials 35 (2014) 5226–5239. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.017
76. [76]
  J.S. Kim, D.H. Shin, J.S. Kim, J. Control. Release 269 (2018) 245–257. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.026
77. [77]
  H.A. Huebers, C.A. Finch, Physiol. Rev. 67 (1987) 520–582. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1987.67.2.520
78. [78]
  G.J. Anderson, C.D. Vulpe, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 66 (2009) 3241–3261. doi: 10.1007/s00018-009-0051-1
79. [79]
  T. Moos, E.H. Morgan, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 20 (2000) 77–95. doi: 10.1023/A:1006948027674
80. [80]
  A.R. Aldred, P.W. Dickson, P.D. Marley, G. Schreiber, J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987) 5293–5297. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61187-1
81. [81]
  P.W. Dickson, A.R. Aldred, P.D. Marley, et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 127 (1985) 890–895. doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(85)80027-9
82. [82]
  T. Moos, T. Rosengren Nielsen, T. Skjorringe, E.H. Morgan, J. Neurochem. 103 (2007) 1730–1740. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04976.x
83. [83]
  T. Skjorringe, A. Burkhart, K.B. Johnsen, T. Moos, Front. Mol. Neurosci. 8 (2015) 19.
84. [84]
  S. Sato, S. Liu, A. Goto, et al., J. Control. Release 357 (2023) 379–393. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.012
85. [85]
  H. Sun, H. Li, P.J. Sadler, Chem. Rev. 99 (1999) 2817–2842. doi: 10.1021/cr980430w
86. [86]
  K.B. Johnsen, M. Bak, P.J. Kempen, et al., Theranostics 8 (2018) 3416–3436. doi: 10.7150/thno.25228
87. [87]
  I. Cabezon, G. Manich, R. Martin-Venegas, et al., Mol. Pharm. 12 (2015) 4137–4145. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00597
88. [88]
  S.A. Gonzalez-Chavez, S. Arevalo-Gallegos, Q. Rascon-Cruz, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 33 (2009) e301–e308.
89. [89]
  R.M. Bennett, T. Kokocinski, Br. J. Haematol. 39 (1978) 509–521. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1978.tb03620.x
90. [90]
  R.Q. Huang, W.L. Ke, Y.H. Qu, et al., J. Biomed. Sci. 14 (2007) 121–128. doi: 10.1007/s11373-006-9121-7
91. [91]
  D. Legrand, A. Pierce, E. Elass, et al., Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 606 (2008) 163–194. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_6
92. [92]
  O.M. Conneely, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20 (2001) 389S–395S. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2001.10719173
93. [93]
  B.A. Faucheux, N. Nillesse, P. Damier, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92 (1995) 9603–9607. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.21.9603
94. [94]
  C. Fillebeen, L. Descamps, M.P. Dehouck, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 7011–7017. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.11.7011
95. [95]
  B. Ji, J. Maeda, M. Higuchi, et al., Life Sci. 78 (2006) 851–855. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.085
96. [96]
  R. Huang, W. Ke, L. Han, et al., Brain Res. Bull. 81 (2010) 600–604. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.12.008
97. [97]
  R. Qiao, Q. Jia, S. Huwel, et al., ACS Nano 6 (2012) 3304–3310. doi: 10.1021/nn300240p
98. [98]
  Z. Pang, L. Feng, R. Hua, et al., Mol. Pharm. 7 (2010) 1995–2005. doi: 10.1021/mp100277h
99. [99]
  Q. Zeng, Z. Liu, T. Niu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 107747. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107747
100. [100]
  Y. Xie, X. Li, J. Wu, et al., Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108202. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108202
101. [101]
  Y. Wu, Z. Zhang, Y. Wei, Z. Qian, X. Wei, Chin. Chem. Lett. 34 (2023) 108098. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108098
102. [102]
  Z. Chai, X. Hu, X. Wei, et al., J. Control. Release 264 (2017) 102–111. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.027
103. [103]
  M. Ma, Z. Liu, N. Gao, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 (2020) 21702–21711. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c08395
104. [104]
  D. Chu, X. Dong, X. Shi, C. Zhang, Z. Wang, Adv. Mater. 30 (2018) e1706245. doi: 10.1002/adma.201706245
105. [105]
  G.C. Jickling, D. Liu, B.P. Ander, et al., J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Met. 35 (2015) 888–901. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.45
106. [106]
  S. Liu, J. Xu, Y. Liu, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14 (2022) 27743–27761. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c09020
107. [107]
  X. Dong, J. Gao, C.Y. Zhang, et al., ACS Nano 13 (2019) 1272–1283.
108. [108]
  Z. Tang, S. Meng, Z. Song, et al., Mater. Today Bio 20 (2023) 100674. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100674
109. [109]
  Y. Zhao, Q. Li, J. Niu, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) e2311803. doi: 10.1002/adma.202311803
110. [110]
  Y.Z. Zhu, W. Wu, Q. Zhu, X. Liu, Pharmacol. Ther. 188 (2018) 26–35. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.01.006
111. [111]
  Q.Y. Zhang, Z.J. Wang, D.M. Sun, et al., Oxid. Med. Cell. Longevity 2017 (2017) 7150376. doi: 10.1155/2017/7150376
112. [112]
  Y. Zhao, M.J. Haney, N.L. Klyachko, et al., Nanomedicine 6 (2011) 25–42. doi: 10.2217/nnm.10.129
113. [113]
  A.M. Brynskikh, Y. Zhao, R.L. Mosley, et al., Nanomedicine 5 (2010) 379–396. doi: 10.2217/nnm.10.7
114. [114]
  Y. Zhang, K. Cai, C. Li, et al., Nano Lett. 18 (2018) 1908–1915. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05263
115. [115]
  Y. Han, C. Gao, H. Wang, et al., Bioact. Mater. 6 (2021) 529–542.
116. [116]
  Y. Yin, W. Tang, X. Ma, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 433 (2022) 133848. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133848
117. [117]
  L. Tang, Y. Yin, H. Liu, et al., Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) e2312897. doi: 10.1002/adma.202312897
118. [118]
  Q. Huang, Y. Chen, W. Zhang, et al., J. Control. Release 366 (2024) 519–534. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.054
119. [119]
  C.V. Pardeshi, V.S. Belgamwar, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 10 (2013) 957–972. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2013.790887
120. [120]
  Y. Chen, C. Zhang, Y. Huang, et al., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 207 (2024) 115196. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115196
121. [121]
  S.H. Jeong, J.H. Jang, Y.B. Lee, J. Pharm. Investig. 53 (2023) 119–152. doi: 10.1007/s40005-022-00589-5
122. [122]
  L. Biddlestone-Thorpe, N. Marchi, K. Guo, et al., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64 (2012) 605–613. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.11.014
123. [123]
  R. Awad, A. Avital, A. Sosnik, Acta Pharm. Sin. B 13 (2023) 1866–1886. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.003
124. [124]
  S. Zha, K.L. Wong, A.H. All, Adv. Healthc. Mater. 11 (2022) e2102610. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202102610
125. [125]
  F. Wang, Z. Yang, M. Liu, et al., Int. J. Pharm. 577 (2020) 119046. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119046
126. [126]
  C.T. Curley, N.D. Sheybani, T.N. Bullock, R.J. Price, Theranostics 7 (2017) 3608–3623. doi: 10.7150/thno.21225
127. [127]
  .M. Kemper, W. Boogerd, I. Thuis, J.H. Beijnen, O. van Tellingen, Cancer Treat. Rev. 30 (2004) 415–423. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2004.04.001
128. [128]
  C.P. Foley, D.G. Rubin, A. Santillan, et al., J. Control. Release 196 (2014) 71–78. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.018
129. [129]
  T.F. Cloughesy, Y.P. Gobin, K.L. Black, et al., J. Neurooncol. 35 (1997) 121–131. doi: 10.1023/A:1005856002264
130. [130]
  N.G. Rainov, K. Ikeda, N.H. Qureshi, et al., Hum. Gene Ther. 10 (1999) 311–318. doi: 10.1089/10430349950019093
131. [131]
  D. Fortin, C. Gendron, M. Boudrias, M.P. Garant, Cancer 109 (2007) 751–760. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22450
132. [132]
  T. Siegal, R. Rubinstein, F. Bokstein, et al., J. Neurosurg. 92 (2000) 599–605. doi: 10.3171/jns.2000.92.4.0599
133. [133]
  J. Liao, Y. Li, L. Fan, et al., ACS Nano 18 (2024) 5510–5529.
134. [134]
  G. Toccaceli, G. Barbagallo, S. Peschillo, Theranostics 9 (2019) 537–539. doi: 10.7150/thno.31765
135. [135]
  F.M. Kashkooli, A. Jakhmola, T.K. Hornsby, J.J. Tavakkoli, M.C. Kolios, J. Control. Release 355 (2023) 552–578. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.009
136. [136]
  C. Gasca-Salas, B. Fernandez-Rodriguez, J.A. Pineda-Pardo, et al., Nat. Commun. 12 (2021) 779. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21022-9
137. [137]
  P.J. Martinez, A.L. Green, M.A. Borden, J. Control. Release 365 (2024) 412–421. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.037
138. [138]
  A.R. Rezai, M. Ranjan, P.F. D’Haese, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117 (2020) 9180–9182. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2002571117
139. [139]
  T. Mainprize, N. Lipsman, Y. Huang, et al., Sci. Rep. 9 (2019) 321. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36340-0
140. [140]
  S.H. Park, M.J. Kim, H.H. Jung, et al., J. Neurosurg. 134 (2020) 475–483.
141. [141]
  D.W. Cescon, S.V. Bratman, S.M. Chan, L.L. Siu, Nat. Cancer 1 (2020) 276–290. doi: 10.1038/s43018-020-0043-5
142. [142]
  Y. Meng, C.B. Pople, S. Suppiah, et al., Neuro Oncol. 23 (2021) 1789–1797. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab057
143. [143]
  Y. Meng, R.M. Reilly, R.C. Pezo, et al., Sci. Transl. Med. 13 (2021) eabj4011. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4011
144. [144]
  Y. Guo, H. Lee, Z. Fang, et al., Sci. Adv. 7 (2021) eabf7390. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7390
145. [145]
  D.H. Upton, C. Ung, S.M. George, et al., Theranostics 12 (2022) 4734–4752. doi: 10.7150/thno.69682
146. [146]
  M. Kiessling, E. Herchenhan, H.R. Eggert, J. Neurosurg. 73 (1990) 909–917. doi: 10.3171/jns.1990.73.6.0909
147. [147]
  C. Xu, K. Pu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 50 (2021) 1111–1137. doi: 10.1039/d0cs00664e
148. [148]
  W. Tao, O.C. Farokhzad, Chem. Rev. 122 (2022) 5405–5407. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00089
149. [149]
  X. Wu, Y. Jiang, N.J. Rommelfanger, et al., Nat. Biomed. Eng. 6 (2022) 754–770. doi: 10.1038/s41551-022-00862-w
150. [150]
  X. Li, V. Vemireddy, Q. Cai, et al., Nano Lett. 21 (2021) 9805–9815. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02996
1. [1]
  Han Wu , Yumei Wang , Zekai Ren , Hailin Cong , Youqing Shen , Bing Yu . The nanocarrier strategy for crossing the blood-brain barrier in glioma therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(4): 109996-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109996
2. [2]
  Lei Shen , Hongmei Liu , Ming Jin , Jinchao Zhang , Caixia Yin , Shuxiang Wang , Yutao Yang . “Three-in-one” strategy of trifluoromethyl regulated blood-brain barrier permeable fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite and antiepileptic evaluation of edaravone. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109572-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109572
3. [3]
  Lian Jin , Juan Zhang , Libo Nie , Yan Deng , Ghulam Jilany Khana , Nongyue He . Chitosan nanoparticles act as promising carriers of microRNAs to brain cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(10): 110774-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110774
4. [4]
  Zhilong Xie , Guohui Zhang , Ya Meng , Yefei Tong , Jian Deng , Honghui Li , Qingqing Ma , Shisong Han , Wenjun Ni . A natural nano-platform: Advances in drug delivery system with recombinant high-density lipoprotein. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109584-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109584
5. [5]
  Linghui Zou , Meng Cheng , Kaili Hu , Jianfang Feng , Liangxing Tu . Vesicular drug delivery systems for oral absorption enhancement. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(7): 109129-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109129
6. [6]
  Jing Guo , Jianzhong Ma , Junli Liu , Guanjie Huang , Xiaoting Zhou , Francesco Parrino , Riccardo Ceccato , Leonardo Palmisano , Boon-Junn Ng , Lutfi Kurnianditia Putri , Huaxing Li , Rongjie Li , Gang Liu , Yang Wang , Nikolay Kornienko , Shan-Shan Zhu , Zhenwei Zhang , Xiaoming Liu , Nur Atika Nikma Dahlan , Siang-Piao Chai , Jianmin Ma . Two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental catalysis roadmap towards 2030. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110988-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110988
7. [7]
  Yun Bai , Shengnan Li , Shih-Hsin Ho . How do nanomaterials influence the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic environments?. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111183-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111183
8. [8]
  Yan Yu , Cailing Gan , Kun Shi , Zhongwu Bei , Yang Yu , Meng Pan , Hanzhi Deng , Zhiyong Qian . Recent advances in drug delivery systems for pulmonary fibrosis therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111596-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111596
9. [9]
  Xingqun Pu , Rongrong Liu , Yuting Xie , Chenjing Yang , Jingyi Chen , Baoling Guo , Chun-Xia Zhao , Peng Zhao , Jian Ruan , Fangfu Ye , David A Weitz , Dong Chen . One-step preparation of biocompatible amphiphilic dimer nanoparticles with tunable particle morphology and surface property for interface stabilization and drug delivery. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(3): 109820-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109820
10. [10]
  Makhloufi Zoulikha , Zhongjian Chen , Jun Wu , Wei He . Approved delivery strategies for biopharmaceuticals. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(2): 110225-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110225
11. [11]
  Jing Zhang , Charles Wang , Yaoyao Zhang , Haining Xia , Yujuan Wang , Kun Ma , Junfeng Wang . Application of magnetotactic bacteria as engineering microrobots: Higher delivery efficiency of antitumor medicine. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109420-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109420
12. [12]
  Haotian Shi , Yuchao Luo , Song Zhang , Meijun Zhao , Chaoyong Liu , Qing Pei , Helei Wang , Qiong Dai , Zhigang Xie , Bin Xu , Wenjing Tian . Dual-responsive nanogels with high drug loading for enhanced tumor targeting and treatment. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(10): 110775-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110775
13. [13]
  Ya-Jie Zhu , Zhi-Min Lv , Hao-Feng Zhu , Qi-Yan Qi , Shang-Bo Yu , Jia Tian , Wei Zhou , Zhan-Ting Li . Self-assembly of disassemblable supramolecular organic frameworks for doxorubicin delivery, photofrin posttreatment phototoxicity inhibition and heparin neutralization. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111353-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111353
14. [14]
  Tong Tong , Lezong Chen , Siying Wu , Zhong Cao , Yuanbin Song , Jun Wu . Establishment of a leucine-based poly(ester amide)s library with self-anticancer effect as nano-drug carrier for colorectal cancer treatment. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(12): 109689-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109689
15. [15]
  Jiaqi Huang , Renjiang Kong , Yanmei Li , Ni Yan , Yeyang Wu , Ziwen Qiu , Zhenming Lu , Xiaona Rao , Shiying Li , Hong Cheng . Feedback enhanced tumor targeting delivery of albumin-based nanomedicine to amplify photodynamic therapy by regulating AMPK signaling and inhibiting GSTs. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109254-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109254
16. [16]
  Shushan Mo , Zhaoshuo Wang , Dandan Ding , Zhengzheng Yan , Yunlu Dai , Jinchao Zhang , Huifang Liu , Tianjiao Liang , Jianfei Tong , Zhenhua Li , Xueyi Wang . The synthesis and evaluation of novel BPA derivatives for enhanced blood-brain barrier penetration and boron neutron capture therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110190-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110190
17. [17]
  Chengcheng Zhang , Zhe Wu , Ningning Jiang , Yi Song , Weina Geng , Hongmei Liu , Ming Jin , Shuxiang Wang , Jinchao Zhang , Yutao Yang . A fluorescent probe regulated by trifluoromethyl and nitrogen-containing heterocycles for monitoring biothiol fluctuations in the brains of mice with schizophrenia. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111476-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111476
18. [18]
  Chenchen Xie , Jun Liao , Yi Li , Yunan Zhang , Zhicheng Xiao , Yun Wang , Ting Chen , Liyan Xiong , Tao Pang , Xiangao Jiang , Feng Zhang , Chuan Zhang , Tingfang Wang . Synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of cascade nanozymes for neural recovery in ischemic stroke. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 110956-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110956
19. [19]
  Miao-Miao Chen , Min-Ling Zhang , Xiao Song , Jun Jiang , Xiaoqian Tang , Qi Zhang , Xiuhua Zhang , Peiwu Li . Smartphone-assisted electrochemiluminescence imaging test strips towards dual-signal visualized and sensitive monitoring of aflatoxin B1 in corn samples. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109785-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109785
20. [20]
  Xu Luo , Jinwen Xiao , Qiming Yang , Xiaolong Lu , Qianjun Huang , Xiaojun Ai , Bo Li , Li Sun , Long Chen . Biomaterials for surgical repair of osteoporotic bone defects. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(1): 109684-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109684

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(6)
HTML views(1)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142