Citation: Jialiang Liu, Chengtao Gong, Jinchen Qian, Sen Wang, Yi Liang, Chenglong Guo, Yongwu Peng, Jun Pan. Fluorophore integration strategy endowing 3D covalent organic frameworks with dual-mode white light emission[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(4): 111522. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111522 shu

Fluorophore integration strategy endowing 3D covalent organic frameworks with dual-mode white light emission

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Science and Education Integration College of Energy and Carbon Neutralization, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China

ywpeng@zjut.edu.cn

panjun0123@zjut.edu.cn

Received Date: 11 January 2025
Revised Date: 25 June 2025
Accepted Date: 27 June 2025
Available Online: 27 June 2025

Figures(4)

The design of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with strong fluorescence in both solid and solution states present a significant challenge for white-light-emitting diode (WLED) applications, primarily due to the difficulty of balancing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Here, we report the synthesis of a 7-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional COF (3D COF) with a pts topology, termed ZJUT-M, constructed by co-condensation of a T₄-symmetric monomer with two D_2h-symmetric fluorophores exhibiting distinct emission behaviors. ZJUT-M displays robust fluorescence in both solid and solution states, enabling its use in WLEDs. Mechanistic studies reveal that the dual-mode emission is driven by the synergistic integration of high-degree-of-freedom chromophores, which promote AIE emission in the solid state, and conformationally restricted fluorophores, which suppress ACQ effect in solution. These findings provide a strategic pathway for achieving multi-state emissive COFs, opening avenues for their application in advanced optoelectronic devices, including next-generation LEDs.
1. [1]
  C. Yuan, S.G. Fu, K.W. Yang, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143 (2021) 369–381. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c11050
2. [2]
  Y. Peng, Y. Huang, Y.H. Zhu, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 (2017) 8698–8704. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b04096
3. [3]
  W.R. Cui, C.R. Zhang, W. Jiang, et al., Nat. Commun. 11 (2020) 436. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14289-x
4. [4]
  L. Wei, T. Sun, Z.L. Shi, et al., Nat. Commun. 13 (2022) 7936. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35674-8
5. [5]
  Y.P. Cheng, J.J. Xin, L.B. Xiao, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145 (2023) 18737–18741. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c06159
6. [6]
  A. Jrad, G. Das, N. Alkhatib, et al., Nat. Commun. 15 (2024) 10490. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53945-4
7. [7]
  A. Mal, R.K. Mishra, V.K. Praveen, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57 (2018) 8443–8447. doi: 10.1002/anie.201801352
8. [8]
  J.M. Wang, B. Yan, Anal. Chem. 91 (2019) 13183–13190. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03534
9. [9]
  D. Liang, X.Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, et al., Bioact. Mater. 14 (2022) 145–151.
10. [10]
  J.Y. Zeng, X.S. Wang, B.R. Xie, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59 (2020) 10087–10094. doi: 10.1002/anie.201912594
11. [11]
  S. Kang, H. Ahn, C. Park, et al., Adv. Sci. 10 (2023) 2300462. doi: 10.1002/advs.202300462
12. [12]
  H.M. Ding, J. Li, G.H. Xie, et al., Nat. Commun. 9 (2018) 5234. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07670-4
13. [13]
  S. Haldar, D. Chakraborty, B. Roy, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140 (2018) 13367–13374. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b08312
14. [14]
  X. Li, Q. Gao, J.F. Wang, et al., Nat. Commun. 9 (2018) 2335. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04769-6
15. [15]
  C. Krishnaraj, A.M. Kaczmarek, H.S. Jena, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 27343–27352. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b07779
16. [16]
  T. Ishi-i, H. Tanaka, I.S. Park, et al., Chem. Commun. 56 (2020) 4051–4054. doi: 10.1039/D0CC00251H
17. [17]
  S. Kundu, B. Sk, P. Pallavi, et al., Chem. Eur. J. 26 (2020) 5557–5582. doi: 10.1002/chem.201904626
18. [18]
  V. Anand, R. Mishra, Y. Barot, Dyes Pigments 191 (2021) 109390. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109390
19. [19]
  X.H. Li, H.J. Tang, L. Gao, et al., Polymer 241 (2022) 124474. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124474
20. [20]
  S. Wan, J. Guo, J. Kim, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 (2008) 8826–8830. doi: 10.1002/anie.200803826
21. [21]
  G. Das, B.P. Biswal, S. Kandambeth, et al., Chem. Sci. 6 (2015) 3931–3939. doi: 10.1039/C5SC00512D
22. [22]
  S.Y. Ding, M. Dong, Y.W. Wang, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (2016) 3031–3037. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5b10754
23. [23]
  C. Gao, J. Li, S. Lin, J.L. Sun, C. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 (2020) 3718–3723. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b13824
24. [24]
  Q. Gao, X. Li, G.H. Ning, et al., Chem. Commun. 54 (2018) 2349–2352. doi: 10.1039/C7CC09866A
25. [25]
  B. Gui, J.J. Xin, Y.P. Cheng, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145 (2023) 11276–11281. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c01729
26. [26]
  H. Wang, C.T. Gong, P. Jin, et al., Chem. Commun. 58 (2022) 9798–9801. doi: 10.1039/D2CC03498K
27. [27]
  Y.N. Hong, J.W. Lam, B.Z. Tang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 (2011) 5361–5388. doi: 10.1039/c1cs15113d
28. [28]
  W.J. Gan, Z.H. Zhang, X.H. Zheng, et al., Asian J. Org. Chem. 12 (2023) e202200559. doi: 10.1002/ajoc.202200559
29. [29]
  L. Liao, Z.R. Zhang, X.Y. Guan, et al., Chin. J. Chem. 40 (2022) 2081–2088. doi: 10.1002/cjoc.202200194
30. [30]
  L. Zhang, F. Guo, S. Xu, et al., Adv. Mater. 37 (2025) 2304620. doi: 10.1002/adma.202304620
31. [31]
  J. Fang, Z.Y. Fu, X.H. Chen, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62 (2023) e202304234. doi: 10.1002/anie.202304234
32. [32]
  M.J. Yuan, F.Y. Ma, L.X. Chen, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146 (2024) 1250–1256. doi: 10.1021/jacs.3c10511
1. [1]
  Juan Liu , Tian Wang , Jinghan Yang , Peiyi Wang . A predictable supramolecular strategy overcomes the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) problem in sensitive bioimaging of plant signaling species. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(6): 111782-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111782
2. [2]
  Ziyong Li , Jinzhao Song , Xinyu Gao , Xiaoxie Ma , Keyu Liu , Ziwei Ma , Qilian Wang , Xinliang Zeng , Haining Zhang , Pei Zhang , Hui Guo , Jun Yin . Highly efficient green light-excited AIE photosensitizers derived from BF₂-curcuminoid for specific photodynamic eradication of Gram-negative bacteria. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110073-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110073
3. [3]
  Yunli Xu , Xuwen Da , Lei Wang , Yatong Peng , Wanpeng Zhou , Xiulian Liu , Yao Wu , Wentao Wang , Xuesong Wang , Qianxiong Zhou . Ru(Ⅱ)-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) agents with efficient ¹O₂ generation, photo-catalytic NADH oxidation and anticancer activity. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110168-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110168
4. [4]
  Xingyue Yuan , Li Wu , Qiuyu Peng , Yanyan Tang , Mingxu Wang , Yuhang Wei , Zhu Tao , Xin Xiao . Developing color-tunable long afterglow anti-counterfeiting materials using cucurbit[6]uril and classical aggregation-caused quenching compounds through multiple non-covalent interactions. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(9): 110821-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110821
5. [5]
  Shuo Li , Qianfa Liu , Lijun Mao , Xin Zhang , Chunju Li , Da Ma . Benzothiadiazole-based water-soluble macrocycle: Synthesis, aggregation-induced emission and selective detection of spermine. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(11): 109791-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.109791
6. [6]
  Tong-Tong Zhou , Guan-Yu Ding , Xue Li , Li-Li Wen , Xiao-Xu Pang , Ying-Chen Duan , Ju-Yang He , Guo-Gang Shan , Zhong-Min Su . Design of near-infrared aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers by π-bridge engineering for boosting theranostic efficacy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(6): 110341-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110341
7. [7]
  Jun-Jie Fang , Zheng Liu , Yun-Peng Xie , Xing Lu . Superatomic Ag₅₈ nanoclusters incorporating a [MS₄@Ag₁₂]²⁺ (M = Mo or W) kernel show aggregation-induced emission. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109345-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109345
8. [8]
  Hua Tong , Haibo Li , Wei Liu , Gangfeng Ouyang . Lead-free organic antimony halide with dual-band intrinsic white light emission for warm WLED directly. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2025, 44(10): 100678-100678. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100678
9. [9]
  Min Liu , Bin Feng , Feiyi Chu , Duoyang Fan , Fan Zheng , Fei Chen , Wenbin Zeng . An ESIPT-boosted NIR nanoprobe for ratiometric sensing of carbon monoxide via activatable aggregation-induced dual-color fluorescence. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2025, 36(5): 110043-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2024.110043
10. [10]
  Junhua Wang , Xin Lian , Xichuan Cao , Qiao Zhao , Baiyan Li , Xian-He Bu . Dual polarization strategy to enhance CH₄ uptake in covalent organic frameworks for coal-bed methane purification. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(8): 109180-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109180
11. [11]
  Siwei Wang , Fanxu Zeng , Yuan Yan , Jinghai Liu , Wei-Lei Zhou , Yong Chen . Monochromophore-tunable supramolecular fluorescence-phosphorescence dual light-harvesting NIR emission for multi-dimensional information encryption. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(4): 112002-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112002
12. [12]
  Chaoqun Ma , Yuebo Wang , Ning Han , Rongzhen Zhang , Hui Liu , Xiaofeng Sun , Lingbao Xing . Carbon dot-based artificial light-harvesting systems with sequential energy transfer and white light emission for photocatalysis. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108632-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108632
13. [13]
  Xuejian Xing , Pan Zhu , E Pang , Shaojing Zhao , Yu Tang , Zheyu Hu , Quchang Ouyang , Minhuan Lan . D-A-D-structured boron-dipyrromethene with aggregation-induced enhanced phototherapeutic efficiency for near-infrared fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic photodynamic and photothermal cancer therapy. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(10): 109452-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109452
14. [14]
  Lijuan Feng , Liangliang Zhang , Yu Fang . Synergistic integration of metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks in structural chemistry. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(4): 100860-100860. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100860
15. [15]
  Xuying Yu , Jiarong Mi , Yulan Han , Cai Sun , Mingsheng Wang , Guocong Guo . A stable radiochromic semiconductive viologen-based metal–organic framework for dual-mode direct X-ray detection. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(9): 109233-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109233
16. [16]
  Kun Zhang , Li-Min Zhao , Tianhao Xing , Yueyue Bu , Qingyun Wang , Christophe Pannecouque , Erik De Clercq , Angela Corona , Laura Dettori , Enzo Tramontano , Shuai Wang , Fen-Er Chen . Rational structure-based design and optimization of next-generation biphenyl-piperidine-triazine derivatives as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111283-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111283
17. [17]
  Yuzhen Wang , Wenxiu Long , Bangshun He , Mengqiu Xiong , Jingjing Li , Yanfeng Gao . A dual-signal amplification strategy combining DNA-functionalized covalent organic frameworks and CRISPR-Cas12a for early detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(6): 112061-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.112061
18. [18]
  Fan Yang , Guan , Huang Zhang , Hai-Ling Wang , Wen-Wen Qin , Zhong-Hong Zhu , Fu-Pei Liang , Hua-Hong Zou . Ultrasonic cutting strategy yields lanthanide organic nanochains with bright emission: thermally enhanced luminescence and bio-optical imaging. Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2026, 45(1): 100761-100761. doi: 10.1016/j.cjsc.2025.100761
19. [19]
  Runtan Gao , Yang Zong , Tingting Li , Na Liu , Zongquan Wu . Three-dimensional supramolecular polymer frameworks with precisely tunable and large apertures for enzyme encapsulation. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2026, 37(1): 111582-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111582
20. [20]
  Pingping Wang , Huixian Miao , Kechuan Sheng , Bin Wang , Fan Feng , Xuankun Cai , Wei Huang , Dayu Wu . Efficient blue-light-excitable copper(Ⅰ) coordination network phosphors for high-performance white LEDs. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35(4): 108600-. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108600

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(1)
Abstract views(618)
HTML views(47)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142