Citation: Ying Yao, Juan Tian, Ran Zhang, Ping Liu, Xiang Gao, Wenhu Zhou, Longlong Luo. Nanobody-based radiotracers in nuclear medicine: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(6): 111517. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111517 shu

Nanobody-based radiotracers in nuclear medicine: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives

Ying Yao ^{b, 1} ,
Juan Tian ^{a, c, 1} ,
Ran Zhang ^c ,
Ping Liu ^c ,
Xiang Gao ^{a, *,} ,
Wenhu Zhou ^{b, d, *,} ,
Longlong Luo ^{a, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing 100850, China
b.
Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
c.
Hunan Normal University Health Science Center, Changsha 410013, China
d.
Hunan Key Laboratory of The Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China

gaoxiang609@163.com

zhouwenhuyaoji@163.com

luolong_long@126.com

Received Date: 17 April 2025
Revised Date: 24 June 2025
Accepted Date: 25 June 2025
Available Online: 26 June 2025

Figures(1)

Nuclear medicine imaging plays a critical role in early diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring by enabling real-time, non-invasive visualization of molecular processes. Conventional radiotracers, such as [¹⁸F]F-FDG, often suffer from limited specificity and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Nanobodies, with their small size, high affinity, deep tissue penetration, and low immunogenicity, have emerged as valuable tools for molecular imaging. Nanobody-based radiotracers have shown promise across oncology, neurology, and immune-related diseases, supporting precision diagnostics and individualized treatment monitoring. However, challenges such as renal retention and short plasma half-life still hinder clinical translation. In this review, we present the structural and functional advantages of nanobodies and summarize the key advances, challenges, and future prospects of nanobody-based radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine imaging.
- Nanobody,
- Radiotracers,
- Nuclear medicine imaging,
- Radiopharmaceuticals,
- Theranostics
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142