Citation: Yiting Tong, Wei Shi, Qingfeng Zhang, Zheyi Zou, Wei Xie, Jianyu Huang, Shuhong Xie. Anchoring Co nanoparticles in P, I-doped carbon skeleton for highly efficient potassium metal anodes[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(9): 111508. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111508 shu

Anchoring Co nanoparticles in P, I-doped carbon skeleton for highly efficient potassium metal anodes

Yiting Tong ^a ,
Wei Shi ^b ,
Qingfeng Zhang ^{a, *,} ,
Zheyi Zou ^a ,
Wei Xie ^a ,
Jianyu Huang ^a ,
Shuhong Xie ^{a, *,}

a.
Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
b.
Key Laboratory of the Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Functional Materials (Huaihua University), College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China

zhangqf@xtu.edu.cn

shxie@xtu.edu.cn

Received Date: 17 April 2025
Revised Date: 21 June 2025
Accepted Date: 25 June 2025
Available Online: 25 June 2025

Figures(4)

Owing to the low redox potential and high theoretical specific capacity, potassium metal batteries (PMBs) have become one of the suitable candidates for high specific energy batteries. However, challenges including uncontrolled dendrite growth and interfacial instability severely hinder their practical applications. Herein, we develop a cobalt-anchored, phosphorus-iodine co-doped 3D carbon skeleton (PI-Co/GCNT) that synergistically integrates heteroatom co-doping effects and structural engineering to address these limitations. Experiments reveal that the doping of P and I induces charge redistribution on the Co/GCNT, which collectively enhances the K⁺ adsorption energy compared to Co/GCNT and GCNT. This strategy creates abundant potassiophilic sites that reduce nucleation overpotential (14 mV) and inhibit dendrite growth. The 3D porous architecture not only accommodates volume fluctuations but also ensures rapid ion transport through low-tortuosity channels. The assembled K-PI-Co/GCNT symmetrical cells keep cycling over 1000 h at 1 mA/cm² with a low polarization of 40 mV. Paired with organic cathodes (PTCDA), the K-PI-Co/GCNT anode delivers superior cycle and rate performance compared to the bare K in full cells. This work elucidates the critical role of heteroatom co-doping for dendrite-free anodes, providing a universal design paradigm for alkali metal batteries.
- 3D skeletons,
- Potassiophilic elements co-doping,
- Dendrite suppression,
- Potassium metal anodes,
- Long cycle life
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