Citation: Mengmeng Miao, Yisheng Peng, Hui Liu, Hu Chen, Xu Cheng, Shangqing Chen, Kaifei Yan, Hongwei Cheng, Gang Liu. Micro-nanomaterials-engineered delivery systems for reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(5): 111390. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111390 shu

Micro-nanomaterials-engineered delivery systems for reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma

Mengmeng Miao ^{a, 1} ,
Yisheng Peng ^{a, 1} ,
Hui Liu ^{a, b, 1} ,
Hu Chen ^a ,
Xu Cheng ^a ,
Shangqing Chen ^a ,
Kaifei Yan ^a ,
Hongwei Cheng ^{a, c, *,} ,
Gang Liu ^{a, b, *,}

a.
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Vaccine Development, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
b.
State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
c.
Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China

zumri.hwcheng@um.edu.mo

gangliu.cmitm@xmu.edu.cn

Received Date: 18 March 2025
Revised Date: 25 May 2025
Accepted Date: 28 May 2025
Available Online: 28 May 2025

Figures(2)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Immunotherapy strategies targeting HCC are widely used in clinical practice. However, the pronounced immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment in HCC significantly hinder the efficacy of immunotherapy, often leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Innovative immunomodulatory delivery systems offer a promising path for HCC therapy by enabling precise targeting of tumor sites and significantly reducing the chances of systemic toxicity and side effects. This study describes the immune microenvironment of HCC and the mechanisms leading to immune evasion. This study then explores the issues and restrictions of current mainstream immunotherapies, highlighting the breakthroughs achieved through drug delivery systems crafted with innovative micro-nanomaterials for HCC immunotherapy. Besides, the application scenarios and challenges encountered by micro-nanomaterials in clinical translational applications were also discussed, and future development trends in this field were prospected, offering a theoretical foundation for the design of efficient HCC treatment strategies.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma,
- Tumor immune microenvironment,
- Drug delivery system,
- Nanoparticle,
- Hydrogel,
- Microsphere
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