Citation: Peizhang Zhao, Mengmeng Li, Jingwen Wang, Jun Li, Yunfeng Lin. Targeting the immune microenvironment: A novel strategy for treating infected bone defects with hydrogels[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(5): 111319. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111319 shu

Targeting the immune microenvironment: A novel strategy for treating infected bone defects with hydrogels

Peizhang Zhao ^{a, b} ,
Mengmeng Li ^{a, b} ,
Jingwen Wang ^{a, b} ,
Jun Li ^{a, b, *,} ,
Yunfeng Lin ^{c, d, *,}

a.
Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
b.
Trauma Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
c.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
d.
Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials, Chengdu 610041, China

mrorthopedics@sina.com

yunfenglin@scu.edu.cn

Received Date: 14 September 2024
Revised Date: 8 May 2025
Accepted Date: 14 May 2025
Available Online: 15 May 2025

Figures(2)

Infected bone defects (IBD) are intricate and formidable conditions characterized by elevated rates of infection recurrence and delayed healing, resulting from dysregulation of the bone immune microenvironment (IME) mediated by microbes. The conventional approaches including surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy encounter challenges such as antibiotic resistance and susceptibility to postoperative infections. Considering the diverse impacts of various immune cells (ICs) and cytokines, the investigations into the IME have been conducted to offer potential strategies for treating IBD by addressing the requirements of infection eradication and bone regeneration (BREG). However, there is still a lack of review discussing the impacts of IME on IBD in light of its diverse components. Hydrogels, as promising materials in the treatment of IBD, can mimic the extracellular matrix of natural tissues, providing an optimal environment for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Recent studies have focused on investigating immune modulation through hydrogel delivery for treating IBD. This review aims to discuss the effects of different types of ICs and cytokines on the IME in IBD while summarizing current progress and strategies targeting this microenvironment using hydrogels. The insights gained from this review will aid the development of future immunomodulatory approaches for IBD treatment.
- Infected bone defect,
- Immune microenvironment,
- Hydrogel,
- Immunomodulation,
- Bone regeneration
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142