Citation: Xiaojuan Huang, Zerui Yan, Xiaoqing Chang, Dafu Tang, Qiulong Wei. Size effect of graphite anode with boosted capacitive solvated-Na⁺ co-intercalation for high-power sodium-ion capacitors[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, ;2026, 37(5): 110953. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2025.110953 shu

Size effect of graphite anode with boosted capacitive solvated-Na⁺ co-intercalation for high-power sodium-ion capacitors

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 China

qlwei@xmu.edu.cn

Received Date: 30 November 2024
Revised Date: 23 January 2025
Accepted Date: 12 February 2025
Available Online: 13 February 2025

Figures(5)

Solvated-ion co-intercalation mechanism with high-rate capability properties makes graphite anode reconsider as optional anode for sodium-ion batteries and capacitors. The size effect has been widely investigated for various transition metal oxide materials, but such influences on the co-intercalation mechanism remain largely unexplored. In this study, natural graphite anodes with different particle sizes ranging from 25 µm to 1.7 µm for [Na(diglyme)_x]⁺ co-interaction are systematically investigated through detailed kinetics analysis and in-situ X-ray diffraction characterization. Importantly, we find that the reaction pathways of the co-intercalation and co-extraction are quite different. The reduced graphite size results in the loss of phase transitions during the co-extraction process and then the disappearance of the sharp anodic redox peak. The small-sized graphite anodes display boosted capacitor-like responses and provide additional surface adsorption with a slightly increased capacity. Finally, a hybrid sodium-ion capacitor (SIC), using graphite anode and activated carbon cathode, is assembled without complex presodiation treatments. Such optimized hybrid SICs deliver high energy densities of 60 Wh/kg at 240 W/kg and high power density of ~16,000 W/kg with 32 Wh/kg, and ultralong 30,000 stable cycles. This work provides fundamental insights into the Na⁺-solvent co-intercalation mechanism with tunable capacitor-like kinetics, representing a promising direction for high-power sodium-ion storage.
- Graphite,
- Co-intercalation,
- Size effect,
- Capacitor-like behaviors,
- Sodium-ion capacitors
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Size effect of graphite anode with boosted capacitive solvated-Na+ co-intercalation for high-power sodium-ion capacitors

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Size effect of graphite anode with boosted capacitive solvated-Na⁺ co-intercalation for high-power sodium-ion capacitors