介电-磁复合吸波材料的协同机制与性能优化

引用本文: 侯海云, 马东威, 张子楠, 贾梓睿. 介电-磁复合吸波材料的协同机制与性能优化[J]. 物理化学学报, 2026, 42(8): 100325. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100325 shu

Citation: Haiyun Hou, Dongwei Ma, Zinan Zhang, Zirui Jia. Synergistic mechanism and performance optimization of dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing material[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(8): 100325. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100325 shu

介电-磁复合吸波材料的协同机制与性能优化

侯海云 ^{1,
,} ,
马东威 ^2, ,
张子楠 ^1, ,
贾梓睿 ^{3,
,}

1.
西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院, 西安市纺织化工助剂重点实验室, 功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室, 陕西西安 710048
2.
湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北十堰 442002
3.
青岛大学化学化工学院, 山东青岛 266071

通讯作者: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (侯海云); jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (贾梓睿)

摘要: 随着5G通信、航空航天及国防技术的快速发展，电磁辐射污染电磁干扰及电磁隐身需求推动吸波材料向“薄、轻、宽、强”方向发展。介电-磁复合吸波材料通过整合介电损耗与磁损耗机制，突破单一材料阻抗匹配不佳、频带窄等瓶颈，成为当前研究热点。该类材料的核心优势源于协同机制：介电相通过偶极极化、界面极化、传导损耗及缺陷损耗衰减电磁波，磁相依赖自然共振、交换共振、涡流损耗及畴壁共振实现磁能耗散；二者耦合可优化阻抗匹配，延长电磁波传播路径，拓宽有效吸收带宽。其协同效应受组分比例、微观结构及界面特性调控，通过Maxwell-Garnett理论、传输线理论等可揭示其微观物理过程。性能优化需通过多维度策略实现：组分设计上筛选互补性介电-磁材料并调控比例；制备工艺优化组分分散与结构完整性；微观结构调控强化阻抗匹配与多重损耗；表面改性提升界面极化与协同效应。典型体系包括磁性金属/介电聚合物、铁氧体/陶瓷、碳基/磁性纳米粒子复合体系，部分材料最小反射损耗低于−60 dB，有效吸收带宽超9 GHz。当前研究仍面临协同机制理论模型不完善、宽频吸收与环境稳定性难以兼顾等挑战。未来需深化微观机制认知，发展多功能一体化、智能化、绿色化材料，推动其在军事隐身、电子设备电磁兼容、通信基站防护等领域的规模化应用。

关键词:

English

Synergistic mechanism and performance optimization of dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing material

Haiyun Hou ^{1,
,} ,
Dongwei Ma ^2, ,
Zinan Zhang ^1, ,
Zirui Jia ^{3,
,}

1.
Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
2.
School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
3.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China

Corresponding author: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (Haiyun Hou); jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (Zirui Jia)

Received Date: 24 March 2026
Accepted Date: 12 May 2026
Revised Date: 06 May 2026
Available Online: 15 August 2026

Abstract: With the rapid development of 5G communication, aerospace and defense technologies, the demands for electromagnetic radiation pollution, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic stealth have driven the development of absorbing materials towards being "thin, light, wide and strong". Dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing materials have become a current research hotspot by integrating dielectric loss and magnetic loss mechanisms, breaking through the bottlenecks such as poor impedance matching and narrow frequency bands of single materials. The core advantage of this type of material stems from the synergistic mechanism: the dielectric phase attenuates electromagnetic waves through dipole polarization, interface polarization, conduction loss and defect loss, while the magnetic phase dissipates magnetic energy through natural resonance, exchange resonance, eddy current loss and domain wall resonance. The coupling of the two can optimize impedance matching, extend the electromagnetic wave propagation path, and broaden the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). Its synergistic effect is regulated by the component ratio, microstructure and interface characteristics. Its microscopic physical processes can be revealed through Maxwell-Garnett theory, transmission line theory, etc. Performance optimization needs to be achieved through multi-dimensional strategies: screening complementary dielectric-magnetic materials in component design and regulating the proportion; Optimize the preparation process for component dispersion and structural integrity; Microstructure regulation enhances impedance matching and multiple losses; Surface modification enhances interface polarization and synergistic effects. Typical systems include magnetic metal/dielectric polymer, ferrite/ceramic, and carbon-based/magnetic nanoparticle composite systems. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of some materials is less than −60 dB, and the EAB exceeds 9 GHz. Current research still faces challenges such as the imperfection of the theoretical model of the collaborative mechanism and the difficulty in balancing wideband absorption and environmental stability. In the future, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of micro-mechanisms, develop multi-functional, integrated, intelligent and green materials, and promote their large-scale application in fields such as military stealth, electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment, and protection of communication base stations.

Key words:

Dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing material
/ Collaborative mechanism
/ Dielectric loss
/ Magnetic loss

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

介电-磁复合吸波材料的协同机制与性能优化

通讯作者: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (侯海云); jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (贾梓睿)

English

Synergistic mechanism and performance optimization of dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing material

Corresponding author: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (Haiyun Hou); jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (Zirui Jia)

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

介电-磁复合吸波材料的协同机制与性能优化

通讯作者: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (侯海云); jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (贾梓睿)

English

Synergistic mechanism and performance optimization of dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing material

Corresponding author: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (Haiyun Hou); jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (Zirui Jia)

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

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