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超临界二氧化碳发泡聚合物复合材料在电磁防护中的进展：从合理结构设计到以吸收为主导的性能

侯洪波 ,  杨倩 ,  高亿 ,  欧洋 ,  王壮 ,  易顺 ,  何静峰 ,  马栎 ,  孟凡彬

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引用本文: 侯洪波, 杨倩, 高亿, 欧洋, 王壮, 易顺, 何静峰, 马栎, 孟凡彬. 超临界二氧化碳发泡聚合物复合材料在电磁防护中的进展：从合理结构设计到以吸收为主导的性能[J]. 物理化学学报, 2026, 42(10): 100300. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100300 shu
Citation:  Hongbo Hou,  Qian Yang,  Yi Gao,  Yang Ou,  Zhuang Wang,  Shun Yi,  Jingfeng He,  Li Ma,  Fanbin Meng. Progress in supercritical CO2 foamed polymer composites for electromagnetic protection: from rational structural design to absorption-dominated performance[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(10): 100300. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100300 shu

超临界二氧化碳发泡聚合物复合材料在电磁防护中的进展：从合理结构设计到以吸收为主导的性能

  • 西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 材料先进技术教育部重点实验室, 四川 成都 610031

    • 通讯作者: 马栎,E-mail:lima@swjtu.edu.cn; 孟凡彬,E-mail:mengfanbin_wing@126.com
  • 基金项目:

    本研究得到了国家重点研发计划(2025YFH0100100)、国家自然科学基金(52472305、52173265、52302087、52503048和52403049)、四川省科技计划项目(2023NSFSC1952和2025ZYD0156)以及中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2682021GF004和2682025CX057)的资助，用于自由探索基础研究项目。

摘要: 泡孔结构决定了聚合物基体与功能网络的空间分布，是优化材料与电磁波相互作用的决定性因素。近年来，超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)发泡技术凭借其独特的气体模板导向下的分子与填料重组能力，能够制备微观结构精确可控的轻质多孔材料，其性能明显优于传统实心复合材料或化学发泡材料。因此，该技术已成为电磁防护领域一种具有变革意义的制备策略。基于此，scCO2发泡技术为开发具有可调谐介电性能和增强阻抗匹配的高性能电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽与微波吸收材料提供了一个多功能平台。本综述重点介绍了电磁防护用scCO2发泡聚合物复合材料的最新研究进展。本文全面总结了其基础发泡机理，系统探讨了柔性与刚性泡沫体系(涵盖从单层纳米复合材料到复杂的梯度及多层结构)的结构演变过程，并论证了其通过内部多次反射和散射等机制所带来的耗散能力的提升。最后，本文探讨了该领域面临的挑战与未来发展方向，包括建立严密的“结构-工艺-性能”关联机制、结合多物理场仿真进行逆向结构设计，以及开发可持续的闭环材料生命周期。这些探讨旨在为下一代吸收主导型电磁防护材料的理性设计提供理论基础与技术指导。

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