Citation: Bo Liang, Yuyijian Zhao, Siyu Wang, Shihan Huang, Fangke Zhou, Chuankun Zhang, Yue Wang, Xiaoming Guo. Synergistic molecular assembly and impedance matching in polyimide-derived porous carbon nanosheets for advanced microwave absorption[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2026, 42(6): 100285. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100285 shu

Synergistic molecular assembly and impedance matching in polyimide-derived porous carbon nanosheets for advanced microwave absorption

Bo Liang ^1,2 ,
Yuyijian Zhao ¹ ,
Siyu Wang ¹ ,
Shihan Huang ¹ ,
Fangke Zhou ¹ ,
Chuankun Zhang ² ,
Yue Wang ^1,2,, ,
Xiaoming Guo ^1,2,,

1.
School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China;
2.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Power Battery, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of New Energy, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China

Corresponding author: Yue Wang, Xiaoming Guo,
Received Date: 14 February 2026
Revised Date: 10 March 2026
Accepted Date: 11 March 2026

Herein, a novel strategy for fabricating microwave absorption materials via molecular-level design that synergistically regulates dielectric and magnetic losses. The method utilizes a polyimide precursor containing both carboxyl and benzimidazole functional groups as the key component. Through an ice-templating process followed by in-situ ion exchange, Ni²⁺ ions are uniformly incorporated into the polymeric skeleton. Subsequent thermal imidization and carbonization yield nitrogen-doped two-dimensional carbon nanosheets embedded with uniformly dispersed Ni/NiO nanoparticles (BPCN@Ni/NiO). This material exhibits significantly superior microwave absorption properties compared to its counterpart synthesized without the benzimidazole structure (NPCN@Ni/NiO). BPCN@Ni/NiO achieves a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -69.02 dB with effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.92 GHz (8.28-17.2 GHz). Microstructural analyses confirm its three-dimensional interconnected nanosheet architecture, highly dispersed Ni/NiO species, and homogeneous elemental distribution. The performance enhancement is attributed to the synergistic complexation of Ni²⁺ ions by benzimidazole and carboxyl groups, which enables efficient loading and uniform dispersion of nickel species, thereby optimizing impedance matching. Furthermore, the unique 2D conductive network, abundant heterogeneous interfaces (C/Ni/NiO), defect-induced dipole polarization, and magnetic coupling between Ni and NiO collectively contribute to synergistic multiple loss mechanisms, ultimately endowing the material with excellent microwave attenuation capability. This work offers a new pathway for designing lightweight, efficient, and broadband carbon-based composite absorbers through precise molecular engineering.
- Microwave absorption,
- Benzimidazole polyimide,
- Carbon nanosheets,
- Nickel nanoparticles,
- Heterogeneous interface
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