Citation: Bo Hu, Yanyi Chen, Yongzheng Chen, Xuan Wang, Xijiang Han, Yunchen Du. Theoretical guidance for the rational design of FeCo foams toward efficient electromagnetic wave absorption in 2.0-8.0 GHz range[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2026, 42(6): 100269. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100269 shu

Theoretical guidance for the rational design of FeCo foams toward efficient electromagnetic wave absorption in 2.0-8.0 GHz range

Bo Hu ¹ ,
Yanyi Chen ¹ ,
Yongzheng Chen ¹ ,
Xuan Wang ^1,2 ,
Xijiang Han ^1,, ,
Yunchen Du ^1,,

1.
MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China;
2.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China

Corresponding author: Xijiang Han, Yunchen Du,
Received Date: 12 January 2026
Revised Date: 25 February 2026
Accepted Date: 27 February 2026

Effective electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption with minimal coating thickness in the low- to mid-frequency range (2.0-8.0 GHz) remains a significant challenge. Herein, the EM parameters required for low- to mid-frequency EM wave absorption are systematically investigated, and CST Microwave Studio is employed to model and simulate how these target parameters can be realized through microstructural design. The results demonstrate that increasing the real parts of the relative permittivity (ε_r') and permeability (μ_r') is beneficial for achieving low- to mid-frequency EM wave absorption with reduced coating thickness. Moreover, CST simulations reveal that, for the same material system and identical volume filling fraction, increasing the specific surface area of the absorber contributes to an enhancement of ε_r'. Guided by these principles, FeCo cubes, FeCo particles, and FeCo foams with controlled specific surface areas and high permeability were synthesized. Experimental results confirm that an increased specific surface area effectively enhances ε_r', thereby promoting low- to mid-frequency absorption. As a result, the FeCo foam achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.2 GHz (4.8-8.0 GHz) in the C-band with a coating thickness of 2.0 mm, and 1.5 GHz (2.1-3.6 GHz) in the S-band with a coating thickness of 4.0 mm. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of advanced low- to mid-frequency EM absorbing materials.
- Electromagnetic wave absorption,
- Microstructure design,
- FeCo foam,
- Wideband absorption,
- Specific surface area
1. [1]
  X. Ren, Z. Jia, Z. Gao, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, D. Lan, G. Wu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 35 (2025) 24264, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202524264.
2. [2]
  Y. Chen, L. Gai, B. Hu, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, X. Han, P. Xu, Y. Du, Nano-Micro Lett. 18 (2026) 71, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01920-z.
3. [3]
  T. Hu, D. Lan, J. Wang, X. Zhong, G. Bu, P. Yin, Carbon 232 (2025) 119798, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119798.
4. [4]
  L. Gai, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, X. Han, P. Xu, Y. Du, J. Adv. Ceram. 14 (2025) 9221212, https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2025.9221212.
5. [5]
  W.L. Zhang, S. Xu, X. Li, Y.H. Yin, C.L. Sun, Z.L. Yu, C. Zhao, D. Lan, Z.R. Jia, G.L. Wu, et al., Rare Met. 44 (2025) 70051, https://doi.org/10.1002/rar2.70051.
6. [6]
  J. Liu, Y. Pan, L. Yu, Z. Gao, S. Zhang, D. Lan, Z. Jia, G. Wu, Carbon 238 (2025) 120233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120233.
7. [7]
  J. Zheng, L. Cheng, S. Zhang, D. Lan, X. Zhao, X. Liu, J. Zhou, S. Cai, L. Niu, G. Wu, et al., J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 264 (2026) 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.11.031.
8. [8]
  Y. Wang, L. Gai, X. He, X. Han, Y. Chen, Y. Du, Electron 4 (2026) e70029, https://doi.org/10.1002/elt2.70029.
9. [9]
  X. Li, J. Liu, Z. Jia, D. Lan, D. Ai, Z. Gao, F. Bai, G. Wu, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 268 (2026) 41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.046.
10. [10]
  R. Niu, Z. Jia, D. Lan, S. Zhang, Z. Gao, Z. Weng, F. Bai, G. Wu, Nano Res. 19 (2026) 94908411, https://doi.org/10.26599/NR.2026.94908411.
11. [11]
  D. Liu, Y. Du, F. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Cui, H. Zhao, X. Han, Carbon 157 (2020) 478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.10.056.
12. [12]
  J. Zhou, X. Huang, D. Lan, Z. Jia, G. Wu, Carbon 248 (2026) 121143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121143.
13. [13]
  L. Cui, Y. Wang, X. Han, P. Xu, F. Wang, D. Liu, H. Zhao, Y. Du, Carbon 174 (2021) 673, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.10.070.
14. [14]
  F. Wang, Y. Liu, H. Zhao, L. Cui, L. Gai, X. Han, Y. Du, Chem. Eng. J. 450 (2022) 138160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138160.
15. [15]
  W. Zhao, Z. Guo, D. Lan, Z. Jia, S. Zhang, G. Wu, Small 21 (2025) 09339, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202509339.
16. [16]
  L. Gai, H. Zhao, X. Li, P. Wang, S. Yu, Y. Chen, C. Wang, D. Lan, F. Han, Y. Du, Chem. Eng. J. 501 (2024) 157556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.157556.
17. [17]
  H. Xu, X. Yin, M. Zhu, M. Li, H. Zhang, H. Wei, L. Zhang, L. Cheng, Carbon 142 (2019) 346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.056.
18. [18]
  M. Yuan, B. Zhao, C. Yang, K. Pei, L. Wang, R. Zhang, W. You, X. Liu, X. Zhang, R. Che, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2203161, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202203161.
19. [19]
  D. Liu, R. Qiang, Y. Du, Y. Wang, C. Tian, X. Han, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 514 (2018) 10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.013.
20. [20]
  M. He, J. Hu, H. Yan, X. Zhong, Y. Zhang, P. Liu, J. Kong, J. Gu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 35 (2025) 2316691, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202316691.
21. [21]
  P. Wang, D. Fan, L. Gai, B. Hu, P. Xu, X. Han, Y. Du, J. Mater. Chem. A 12 (2024) 8571, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA00125G.
22. [22]
  Y. Li, F. Meng, Y. Mei, H. Wang, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, F. Peng, F. Huang, Z. Zhou, Chem. Eng. J. 391 (2020) 123512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.123512.
23. [23]
  L. Wu, G. Wang, S. Shi, X. Liu, J. Liu, J. Zhao, G. Wang, Adv. Sci. 10 (2023) 2304218, https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202304218.
24. [24]
  J. Yuan, C. Li, Z. Liu, D. Wu, L. Cao, CrystEngComm 19 (2017) 6506, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CE01353A.
25. [25]
  Y. Wang, X. Li, X. Han, P. Xu, L. Cui, H. Zhao, D. Liu, F. Wang, Y. Du, Chem. Eng. J. 387 (2020) 124159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124159.
26. [26]
  Z. Xu, Y. Du, D. Liu, Y. Wang, W. Ma, Y. Wang, P. Xu, X. Han, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 (2019) 4268, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b19201.
27. [27]
  H. Zhao, F. Wang, L. Cui, X. Xu, X. Han, Y. Du, Nano-Micro Lett. 13 (2021) 208, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00734-z.
28. [28]
  F. Wang, Y. Sun, D. Li, B. Zhong, Z. Wu, S. Zuo, D. Yan, R. Zhuo, J. Feng, P. Yan, Carbon 134 (2018) 264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.03.081.
29. [29]
  R. Xu, D. Xu, Z. Zeng, D. Liu, Chem. Eng. J. 427 (2022) 130796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130796.
30. [30]
  J. Cheng, H. Zhang, M. Ning, H. Raza, D. Zhang, G. Zheng, Q. Zheng, R. Che, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2200123, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202200123.
31. [31]
  Y. Zhou, G. Yu, L. Lin, X. Huang, J. Mater. Chem. C 13 (2025) 11096, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00588D.
32. [32]
  J. Liu, L. Zhang, H. Wu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2110496, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202110496.
33. [33]
  S. Dong, P. Hu, X. Li, C. Hong, X. Zhang, J. Han, Chem. Eng. J. 398 (2020) 125588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125588.
34. [34]
  J. Zhao, H. Wang, M. Chen, Y. Li, Z. Wang, C. Fang, P. Liu, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 639 (2023) 160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.050.
35. [35]
  M. Qin, L. Zhang, H. Wu, Adv. Sci. 9 (2022) 2105553, https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202105553.
36. [36]
  R. Marchand, Am. J. Phys. 92 (2024) 158, https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0164442.
37. [37]
  H.F. Arnoldus, Opt. Commun. 265 (2006) 52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.03.024.
38. [38]
  C.A. Gonano, R.E. Zich, M. Mussetta, Prog. Electromagn. Res. B 64 (2015) 83, https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB15100606.
39. [39]
  D.L. Mancipe-Huérfano, R.G. García-Cáceres, Int. J. Inf. Technol. 16 (2024) 4465, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-024-02036-0.
40. [40]
  A.M. Nicolson, G.F. Ross, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 19 (1970) 377, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.1970.4313932.
41. [41]
  W. Li, J. Chen, P. Gao, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 606 (2022) 719, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.019.
42. [42]
  Y. Cheng, Y. Zhao, H. Zhao, H. Lv, X. Qi, J. Cao, G. Ji, Y. Du, Chem. Eng. J. 372 (2019) 390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.174.
43. [43]
  L. Gai, Y. Wang, P. Wan, S. Yu, Y. Chen, X. Han, P. Xu, Y. Du, Nano-Micro Lett. 16 (2024) 167, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-024-01369-6.
44. [44]
  L. Gai, H. Zhao, F. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Han, Y. Du, Nano Res. 15 (2022) 9410, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4695-6.
45. [45]
  F. Wu, K. Yang, Q. Li, T. Shah, M. Ahmad, Q. Zhang, B. Zhang, Carbon 173 (2021) 918, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.11.088.
46. [46]
  S. Wei, T. Chen, Q. Wang, Z. Shi, W. Li, S. Chen, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 593 (2021) 370, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.120.
47. [47]
  J. Lv, X. Liang, G. Ji, B. Quan, W. Liu, Y. Du, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6 (2018) 7239, https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03807.
48. [48]
  L. Xia, Y. Feng, B. Zhao, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 130 (2022) 136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2022.05.010.
49. [49]
  J. Xiao, X. Qi, X. Gong, Q. Peng, Y. Chen, R. Xie, W. Zhong, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 139 (2023) 137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2022.08.022.
50. [50]
  L. Liang, W. Gu, Y. Wu, B. Zhang, G. Wang, Y. Yang, G. Ji, Adv. Mater. 34 (2022) 2106195, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106195.
51. [51]
  Y. Cheng, J.Z.Y. Seow, H. Zhao, Z.J. Xu, G. Ji, Nano-Micro Lett. 12 (2020) 125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00461-x.
52. [52]
  Q. Zheng, M. Yu, X. Gao, Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhou, Y. Dai, J. Mater. Sci. 55 (2020) 16954, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05189-y.
53. [53]
  W. Ye, W. Li, Q. Sun, J. Yu, Q. Gao, RSC Adv. 8 (2018) 24780, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA05065A.
54. [54]
  Y. Liu, C. Tian, F. Wang, B. Hu, P. Xu, X. Han, Y. Du, Chem. Eng. J. 461 (2023) 141867, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.141867.
55. [55]
  W. Jiang, S. Xu, C. Lv, D. Lan, S. Zhang, Z. Gao, Z. Jia, G. Wu, Carbon 245 (2025) 120784, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120784.
56. [56]
  Z. Gao, A. Iqbal, T. Hassan, S. Hui, H. Wu, C.M. Koo, Adv. Mater. 36 (2024) 2311411, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202311411.
57. [57]
  P. Wang, L. Gai, B. Hu, Y. Liu, F. Wang, P. Xu, X. Han, Y. Du, Carbon 212 (2023) 118132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118132.
58. [58]
  X.J. Zhang, J.Q. Zhu, P.G. Yin, A.P. Guo, A.P. Huang, L. Guo, G.S. Wang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 (2018) 1800761, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201800761.
59. [59]
  Y. Wang, X. Han, P. Xu, D. Liu, L. Cui, H. Zhao, Y. Du, Chem. Eng. J. 372 (2019) 312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.153.
60. [60]
  Y. Liu, F. Wang, Y. Wang, B. Hu, P. Xu, X. Han, Y. Du, Compos. Part B Eng. 273 (2024) 111244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111244.
61. [61]
  X. Luo, H. Xie, Y. Ma, D. Lan, G. Wu, Z. Jia, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 33 (2025) 1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-025-3252-1.
62. [62]
  B. Li, Z. Ma, X. Zhang, J. Xu, Y. Chen, X. Zhang, C. Zhu, Small 19 (2023) 2207197, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202207197.
63. [63]
  X. Sun, Y. Li, Y. Huang, Y. Cheng, S. Wang, W. Yin, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32 (2022) 2107508, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202107508.
64. [64]
  K. Kurokawa, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 13 (1965) 194, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.1965.1125964.
65. [65]
  T.S. Bird, IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 51 (2009) 166, https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2009.5162049.
1. [1]
  Min LI , Xianfeng MENG . Preparation and microwave absorption properties of ZIF-67 derived Co@C/MoS₂ nanocomposites. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(10): 1932-1942. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240065
2. [2]
  Jing Zhang , Su Zhang , Qiqi Li , Linken Ji , Yutong Li , Yukang Ren , Xiaobei Zang , Ning Cao , Han Hu , Peng Liang , Zhuangjun Fan . Integrating high surface area and electric conductivity in activated carbon by in situ formation of the less-defective carbon network during selective chemical etching. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(10): 100114-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100114
3. [3]
  Xia Shu , Longtian Sima , Jiali Wang , Jiacheng Chu , Xieyidai·Yusunjiang , Mubareke·Maimaitijiang , Yingwei Lu , Yan Wang . Analysis of the Report Generated by the QuadraSorb evo BET Surface Area Analyzer. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(5): 391-400. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411013
4. [4]
  Shengdi Mao , Ruifeng Miao , Di Lan , Shijie Zhang , Jiguang Zhou , Xun Liu , Suxuan Du , Zhiwei Zhao , Guanglei Wu . Advances and challenges in flexible electromagnetic protection materials for electromagnetic interference shielding and wave absorption. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(6): 100279-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100279
5. [5]
  Zhaomei LIU , Wenshi ZHONG , Jiaxin LI , Gengshen HU . Preparation of nitrogen-doped porous carbons with ultra-high surface areas for high-performance supercapacitors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(4): 677-685. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230404
6. [6]
  Yuting ZHANG , Zunyi LIU , Ning LI , Dongqiang ZHANG , Shiling ZHAO , Yu ZHAO . Nickel vanadate anode material with high specific surface area through improved co-precipitation method: Preparation and electrochemical properties. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2163-2174. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240204
7. [7]
  Heng Chen , Longhui Nie , Kai Xu , Yiqiong Yang , Caihong Fang . Remarkable Photocatalytic H₂O₂ Production Efficiency over Ultrathin g-C₃N₄ Nanosheet with Large Surface Area and Enhanced Crystallinity by Two-Step Calcination. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2406019-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406019
8. [8]
  Ying Liang , Yuheng Deng , Shilv Yu , Jiahao Cheng , Jiawei Song , Jun Yao , Yichen Yang , Wanlei Zhang , Wenjing Zhou , Xin Zhang , Wenjian Shen , Guijie Liang , Bin Li , Yong Peng , Run Hu , Wangnan Li . Machine learning-guided antireflection coatings architectures and interface modification for synergistically optimizing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(9): 100098-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100098
9. [9]
  Fengying Zhang , Yanglin Mei , Yuman Jiang , Shenshen Zheng , Kaibo Zheng , Ying Zhou . Research progress of transient absorption spectroscopy in solar energy conversion and utilization. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(9): 100118-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100118
10. [10]
  Peiru Fan , Lichun Zhang , Hongjie Song , Yi Lv , Rui Liu . Exploring Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: From Phenomenon to Technological Innovation. University Chemistry, 2026, 41(2): 344-352. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503038
11. [11]
  Mengyao Shi , Kangle Su , Qingming Lu , Bin Zhang , Xiaowen Xu . Determination of Potassium Content in Tobacco Stem Ash by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 255-260. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404105
12. [12]
  Jiahui CHEN , Tingting ZHENG , Xiuyun ZHANG , Wei LÜ . Research progress of near-infrared absorption inorganic nanomaterials in photothermal and photodynamic therapy of tumors. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(12): 2396-2414. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240106
13. [13]
  Lingling Li , Zhe Chen . Charge transfer mechanism investigation of S-scheme photocatalyst using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(4): 100215-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100215
14. [14]
  Yanan Liu , Xiaogang Su , Di Lan , Jiangyong Liu , Weihai Ma , Yaqing Liu . Bimetallic MOF-derived CoZn-C/MWCNTs composite for lightweight and wideband microwave absorption. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(6): 100276-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100276
15. [15]
  Kai Yang , Gehua Bi , Yong Zhang , Delin Jin , Ziwei Xu , Qian Wang , Lingbao Xing . Comprehensive Polymer Chemistry Experiment Design: Preparation and Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 206-212. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308045
16. [16]
  Yi Li , Zhaoxiang Cao , Peng Liu , Xia Wu , Dongju Zhang . Revealing the Coloration and Color Change Mechanisms of the Eriochrome Black T Indicator through Computational Chemistry and UV-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 132-139. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405154
17. [17]
  Jizhou Liu , Chenbin Ai , Chenrui Hu , Bei Cheng , Jianjun Zhang . Accelerated Interfacial Electron Transfer in Perovskite Solar Cell by Ammonium Hexachlorostannate Modification and fs-TAS Investigation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(11): 2402006-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202402006
18. [18]
  Yiting Huo , Xin Zhou , Feifan Zhao , Chenbin Ai , Zhen Wu , Zhidong Chang , Bicheng Zhu . Boosting photocatalytic CO₂ methanation through TiO₂/CdS S-scheme heterojunction and fs-TAS mechanism study. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(11): 100148-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100148
19. [19]
  Xin Zhou , Yiting Huo , Songyu Yang , Bowen He , Xiaojing Wang , Zhen Wu , Jianjun Zhang . Understanding the effect of pH on protonated COF during photocatalytic H₂O₂ production by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(12): 100160-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100160
20. [20]
  Bo Liang , Yuyijian Zhao , Siyu Wang , Shihan Huang , Fangke Zhou , Chuankun Zhang , Yue Wang , Xiaoming Guo . Synergistic molecular assembly and impedance matching in polyimide-derived porous carbon nanosheets for advanced microwave absorption. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2026, 42(6): 100285-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100285

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(13)
HTML views(0)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142