分等级结构对锡氧化物负载Pt室温催化甲醛氧化性能的影响

引用本文: 段媛媛, 宋少青, 程蓓, 余家国, 姜传佳. 分等级结构对锡氧化物负载Pt室温催化甲醛氧化性能的影响[J]. 催化学报, 2017, 38(2): 199-206. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62551-2 shu

Citation: Yuanyuan Duan, Shaoqing Song, Bei Cheng, Jiaguo Yu, Chuanjia Jiang. Effects of hierarchical structure on the performance of tin oxide-supported platinum catalyst for room-temperature formaldehyde oxidation[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2017, 38(2): 199-206. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62551-2 shu

分等级结构对锡氧化物负载Pt室温催化甲醛氧化性能的影响

a 武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070;
b 东华理工大学放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室, 江西南昌 330013;
c 沙特阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学科学部物理系, 吉达 21589, 沙特阿拉伯
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金（51320105001，51372190，21573170，51272199，21433007），国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划，2013CB632402），湖北省自然科学基金（2015CFA001），中央高校基本科研基金（WUT：2015-III-034），武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室创新基金（2015-ZD-1）.

摘要: 甲醛是主要的室内空气污染物，气相中甲醛去除技术具有重要意义.常用的甲醛去除技术主要包括物理和化学吸附、光催化分解和热催化氧化，其中能在常温下进行的催化氧化最具发展和实用前景.能在室温下高效催化甲醛完全氧化的催化剂一般为负载型贵金属，如铂（Pt）、钯、金、银等.除了选择具有内在高活性的组分，通过提高贵金属分散度，增强贵金属-载体相互作用，增加载体的甲醛亲和性等方法也可提高甲醛催化分解活性.以上方法主要关注催化剂化学性质的改良；另一方面，催化剂的微观几何结构以及传质快慢对表观催化反应速率也有重要影响.近年来研究表明，分等级结构利于反应物在材料孔隙中的扩散输移，可大幅提高催化活性.因此，我们制备了具有分等级结构的花状锡氧化物（SnO_x）负载的Pt纳米颗粒，并研究其室温下催化分解甲醛的性能.
花状SnO_x以氟化亚锡和尿素为原料，通过水热法制备；Pt通过浸渍、硼氢化钠还原法负载，制备Pt/SnO_x催化剂.另外，对SnO_x进行球磨处理破坏其分等级结构，制备g-SnO_x及Pt/g-SnO_x作为对照.通过场发射扫描电镜观察，制备的锡氧化物为具有分等级结构的花状微球，直径约1 μm，由厚度约20 nm的花瓣状纳米片交错连接而成.X射线衍射（XRD）谱图对应四方相氧化亚锡（SnO，JCPDS 06-0395），但也观察到四方金红石相氧化锡（SnO₂，JCPDS 41-1445）的微弱特征峰.高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）仅观察到四方相SnO的晶格条纹.根据X射线光电子能谱（XPS）结果，在花状锡氧化物的表面，锡元素的氧化态为正四价.综合以上表征结果表明：制备的锡氧化物主体为SnO，由于表面被空气氧化，含有少量SnO₂.通过透射电镜观察Pt/SnO_x催化剂发现，直径2-3 nm的Pt纳米颗粒高度分散负载于SnO_x纳米片表面；XPS结果表明，纳米颗粒中Pt的价态为0价，与HRTEM观测结果一致.
甲醛分解测试采用静态测试系统，在体积为6 L的测试箱中加入一定浓度甲醛后开始反应，监测甲醛、二氧化碳（CO₂）和一氧化碳（CO）浓度随时间的变化.结果表明，花状SnO_x在室温下不具有催化甲醛氧化活性，仅能通过吸附作用去除少量甲醛；而负载0价金属态Pt纳米颗粒后，甲醛快速分解为CO₂和水，且无CO生成.在初始浓度170 ppm条件下，反应1 h后，甲醛去除率达到87%.Pt/SnO_x催化剂的高活性表明，金属态Pt是催化甲醛氧化的活性组分.经球磨处理后制备的Pt/g-SnO_x，其催化活性远低于具有分等级结构的Pt/SnO_x；后者的二级反应速率常数为前者的5.6倍，证明分等级结构能有效加速甲醛催化氧化分解.本研究结果对于高效分解室内甲醛材料的设计、制备提供了一种指导性的新思路.

关键词:

English

Effects of hierarchical structure on the performance of tin oxide-supported platinum catalyst for room-temperature formaldehyde oxidation

a State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;
b Key Laboratory of Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Fundamental Science for National Defense, School of Chemistry, Biology and Material, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China;
c Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Received Date: 22 August 2016
Revised Date: 06 October 2016
Available Online: 02 March 2017
Fund Project:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51320105001, 51372190, 21573170, 51272199, 21433007), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, 2013CB632402), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2015CFA001), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT:2015-III-034) and Innovative Research Funds of SKLWUT (2015-ZD-1).

Abstract: Flower-like tin oxide-supported platinum (Pt/SnO_x) with a hierarchical structure was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, high resolution TEM, XPS and nitrogen adsorption. The flower-like Pt/SnO_x microspheres of 1 μm in diameter were composed of staggered petal-like nanosheets with a thickness of 20 nm. Pt nanoparticles (NPs) of 2-3 nm were well dispersed on the SnO_x nanosheets. The catalyst was tested in the catalytic oxidation of gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) at room temperature, and exhibited enhanced activity compared to Pt NPs supported on commercial SnO and ground SnO_x. HCHO removal of 87% was achieved over the hierarchical Pt/SnO_x after 1 h of reaction, which was 1.5 times that over the ground SnO_x-supported Pt (Pt/g-SnO_x), and the high activity was maintained after six recycles, showing the high stability of this catalyst. HCHO decomposition kinetics was modeled as a second order reaction. The reaction rate constant for Pt/SnO_x was 5.6 times higher than Pt/g-SnO_x. The hierarchical pore structure was beneficial for the diffusion and adsorption of HCHO molecules, and the highly dispersed Pt NPs on the SnO_x nanosheets were the active sites for the oxidative decomposition of HCHO into CO₂ and H₂O. This study provided a promising approach for designing efficient catalysts for indoor HCHO removal at ambient temperature.

Key words:

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

分等级结构对锡氧化物负载Pt室温催化甲醛氧化性能的影响

English

Effects of hierarchical structure on the performance of tin oxide-supported platinum catalyst for room-temperature formaldehyde oxidation

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南：你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

中国化学会秘书处

分等级结构对锡氧化物负载Pt室温催化甲醛氧化性能的影响

English

Effects of hierarchical structure on the performance of tin oxide-supported platinum catalyst for room-temperature formaldehyde oxidation

CCS Chemistry：嵌段共聚物自组装成 “三明治”二维有机材料，实现纳米级压力传感功能

CCS Chemistry：颜徐州、鲍哲南： 你的皮肤可能是一片SPMs

CCS Chemistry：工作高效不疲劳，只须让催化剂动起来

CCS Chemistry：静电组装导向聚合- 聚电解质纳米凝胶量化制备新策略

CCS Chemistry：金黄色葡萄球菌醛基脱氢酶是如何识别特异性底物的？

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