Citation: Wei Xue, Hepan Zhao, Jie Yao, Fang Li, Yanji Wang. Esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid over a peanut shell-derived carbon solid acid catalyst[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, ;2016, 37(5): 769-777. doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)61076-2 shu

Esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid over a peanut shell-derived carbon solid acid catalyst

1.
Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China

Corresponding author: Fang Li, Yanji Wang,
Received Date: 21 December 2015
Available Online: 26 February 2016
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(21236001,21176056) (21236001,21176056)河北省高校百名优秀创新人才项目(II)(BR2-208) (II)(BR2-208)河北省自然科学基金(B2015202228). (B2015202228)

A carbon solid acid catalyst was prepared by the sulfonation of partially carbonized peanut shell with concentrated H₂SO₄. The structure and acidity of the catalyst were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, which showed that it was an amorphous carbon material composed of aromatic carbon sheets in random orientations. Sulfonic acid groups were present on the surface at a density of 0.81 mmol/g. The carbon solid acid catalyst showed better performance than HZSM-5 for the esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid. At a 3:1 molar ratio of formic acid to cyclohexene, catalyst loading of 0.07 g/mL of cyclohexene, and reaction time of 1 h at 413 K, the cyclohexene conversion was 88.4% with 97.3% selectivity to cyclohexyl formate. The carbon solid acid catalyst showed better reusability than HZSM-5 because its large pores were minimally affected by the accumulation of oligomerized cyclohexene, which deactivated HZSM-5. The activity of the carbon solid acid catalyst decreased somewhat in the first two recycles due to the leaching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing -SO₃H groups and then it remained constant in the following reuse.
- Carbon solid acid,
- Peanut shell,
- Cyclohexene,
- Esterification,
- Cyclohexyl formate
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