Citation: ZHANG Xiao-hong, ZHAN Hao, YIN Xiu-li, WU Chuang-zhi. Release characteristic of NO_x precursors during the pyrolysis of nitrogen-rich biomass[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, ;2016, 44(12): 1464-1472. shu

Release characteristic of NO_x precursors during the pyrolysis of nitrogen-rich biomass

ZHANG Xiao-hong ^1,2 ,
ZHAN Hao ^1,2 ,
YIN Xiu-li ¹ ,
WU Chuang-zhi ^1,*,,

1.
Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, CAS, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: WU Chuang-zhi, wucz@ms.giec.ac.cn
Received Date: 23 June 2016
Revised Date: 15 September 2016

Figures(13)

The release of NO_x precursors (NH₃, HCN and HNCO) in the pyrolysis of two nitrogen-rich biomass materials, viz., soybean straw (SBS) and fiberboard (FB), were investigated by thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR, for slow pyrolysis) and horizontal tubular reactor-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HTR-XPS, for rapid pyrolysis); the effects of final temperature, heating rate and nitrogen form in biomass on the release characteristic were considered. The results indicate that the evolution pathway is related to the form of nitrogen in biomass; nitrogen in SBS (SBS-N) is mainly converted to NH₃ during the secondary cracking reaction, whereas nitrogen in FB (FB-N) is transformed to NH₃, HCN (rapid) and HNCO (slow) during the primary pyrolysis reaction. Nitrogen in biomass (fuel-N) is inclined to convert to nitrogen in char (char-N) at low temperature and to nitrogen in tar (tar-N) or NO_x precursors at high temperature (>600℃), which suggests that a pyrolysis temperature below 600℃ can suppress the release of NO_x precursors. SBS-N and FB-N are characterized by protein and amide, respectively, which are partly converted to pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N in char, forming preferably NH₃ and HCN, respectively.
- soybean straw,
- fiberboard,
- pyrolysis,
- NO_xprecursor,
- form of nitrogen
1. [1]
  BALAT M. Mechanisms of thermochemical biomass conversion processes.Part 1:Reactions of pyrolysis[J]. Energy Source Part A, 2008,30(7):620-635. doi: 10.1080/15567030600817258
2. [2]
  HANSSON K M, SAMUELSSON J, TULLIN C, AMAND L E. Formation of HNCO,HCN and NH₃ from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds[J]. Combust Flame, 2004,137(3):265-277. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.01.005
3. [3]
  CAO J J, SHEN Z X, CHOW J C, WATSON J G, LEE S C, TIE X X, HO K F, WANG G H, HAN Y M. Winter and summer PM_2.5 chemical compositions in fourteen Chinese cities[J]. J Air Waste Manage, 2012,62(10):1214-1226. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2012.701193
4. [4]
  TIAN F J, LI B Q, CHEN Y, LI C Z. Formation of NO_x precursors during the pyrolysis of coal and biomass.Part V.Pyrolysis of a sewage sludge[J]. Fuel, 2002,81(17):2203-2208. doi: 10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00139-4
5. [5]
  BECIDAN M, SKREIBERG O, HUSTAD J E. NO_x and N₂O precursors (NH₃ and HCN) in pyrolysis of biomass residues[J]. Energy Fuels, 2007,21(2):1173-1180. doi: 10.1021/ef060426k
6. [6]
  YUAN S, ZHOU Z J, LI J, CHEN X L, WANG F C. HCN and NH₃ released from biomass and soybean cake under rapid pyrolysis[J]. Energy Fuels, 2010,24:6166-6171. doi: 10.1021/ef100959g
7. [7]
  REN Q Q. NO_x and N₂O precursors from co-pyrolysis of biomass and sludge[J]. J Therm Anal Calorim, 2013,112(2):997-1002. doi: 10.1007/s10973-012-2645-3
8. [8]
  HANSSON K M, SAMUELSSON J, AMAND L E, TULLIN C. The temperature's influence on the selectivity between HNCO and HCN from pyrolysis of 2,5-diketopiperazine and 2-pyridone[J]. Fuel, 2003,82(18):2163-2172. doi: 10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00206-0
9. [9]
  REN Q Q, ZHAO C S, CHEN X P, DUAN L B, LI Y J, MA C Y. NO_x and N₂O precursors (NH₃ and HCN) from biomass pyrolysis:Co-pyrolysis of amino acids and cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin[J]. Proc Combust Inst, 2011,33:1715-1722. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.033
10. [10]
  REN Q Q, ZHAO C S. NO_x and N₂O precursors (NH₃ and HCN) from biomass pyrolysis:Interaction between amino acid and mineral matter[J]. Appl Energy, 2013,112:170-174. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.061
11. [11]
  XIE Guang-hui, WANG Xiao-yu, HAN Dong-qian, XUE Shuai. Harvest index and residue factor of non-cereal crops in China[J]. J China Agric Univers, 2011(1):9-17.
12. [12]
  ZHANG Fa-an, ZHANG Jian-hui. Environmental protection measures to be used in MDF enterprise[J]. China Forest Products Indust, 2012(2):35-37.
13. [13]
  HIRATA T, KAWAMOTO S, OKURO A. Pyrolysis of melamine formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resins[J]. J Appl Polym Sci, 1991,42(12):3147-3163. doi: 10.1002/app.1991.070421208
14. [14]
  VALENTIM B, GUEDES A, BOAVIDA D. Nitrogen functionality in "oil window" rank range vitrinite rich coals and chars[J]. Org Geochem, 2011,42(5):502-509. doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.03.008
15. [15]
  WEI L H, WEN L, YANG T H, ZHANG N. Nitrogen transformation during sewage sludge pyrolysis[J]. Energy Fuels, 2015,29(8):5088-5094. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00792
16. [16]
  ZHOU H, JENSEN A D, GLARBORG P, KAVALIAUSKAS A. Formation and reduction of nitric oxide in fixed-bed combustion of straw[J]. Fuel, 2006,85(5/6):705-716.
17. [17]
  VERMEULEN I, BLOCK C, VANDECASTEELE C. Estimation of fuel-nitrogen oxide emissions from the element composition of the solid or waste fuel[J]. Fuel, 2012,94(1):75-80.
18. [18]
  EIGENMANN F, MACIEJEWSKI M, BAIKER A. Quantitative calibration of spectroscopic signals in combined TG-FTIR system[J]. Thermochim Acta, 2006,440(1):81-92. doi: 10.1016/j.tca.2005.10.018
19. [19]
  ZHU H M, JIANG X G, YAN J H, CHI Y, CEN K F. TG-FTIR analysis of PVC thermal degradation and HCl removal[J]. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 2008,82(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2007.11.011
20. [20]
  YUAN Shuai, LI Jun, ZHOU Zhi-jie, WANG Fu-cheng. Mechanisms of HCN and NH₃ formation during rapid pyrolysis of pyridinic nitrogen containing substances[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol, 2011,39(6):413-418.
21. [21]
  ZHU X D, YANG S J, WANG L, LIU Y C, QIAN F, YAO W Q, ZHANG S C, CHEN J M. Tracking the conversion of nitrogen during pyrolysis of antibiotic mycelial fermentation residues using XPS and TG-FTIR-MS technology[J]. Environ Pollut, 2016,211:20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.032
22. [22]
  HANSSON K M, AMAND L E, HABERMANN A, WINTER F. Pyrolysis of poly-L-leucine under combustion-like conditions[J]. Fuel, 2003,82(6):653-660. doi: 10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00357-5
23. [23]
  LEICHTNAM J N, SCHWARTZ D, GADIOU R.J. The behaviour of fuel-nitrogen during fast pyrolysis of polyamide at high temperature[J]. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis, 2000,55(2):255-268. doi: 10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00075-9
1. [1]
  Xiao SANG , Qi LIU , Jianping LANG . Synthesis, structure, and fluorescence properties of Zn(Ⅱ) coordination polymers containing tetra-alkenylpyridine ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(11): 2124-2132. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240158
2. [2]
  Yahui HAN , Jinjin ZHAO , Ning REN , Jianjun ZHANG . Synthesis, crystal structure, thermal decomposition mechanism, and fluorescence properties of benzoic acid and 4-hydroxy-2, 2′: 6′, 2″-terpyridine lanthanide complexes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(5): 969-982. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240395
3. [3]
  Xinting XIONG , Zhiqiang XIONG , Panlei XIAO , Xuliang NIE , Xiuying SONG , Xiuguang YI . Synthesis, crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and antifungal activity of two complexes Na(Ⅰ)/Cd(Ⅱ) assembled by 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzoic acid ligands. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1661-1670. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240145
4. [4]
  Yunhao Zhang , Yinuo Wang , Siran Wang , Dazhen Xu . Progress in Selective Construction of Functional Aromatics from Nitrogenous Cycloalkanes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 136-145. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401083
5. [5]
  Fei Liu , Dong-Yang Zhao , Kai Sun , Ting-Ting Yu , Xin Wang . Comprehensive Experimental Design for Photochemical Synthesis, Analysis, and Characterization of Seleno-Containing Medium-Sized N-Heterocycles. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 369-375. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309047
6. [6]
  Jun Huang , Pengfei Nie , Yongchao Lu , Jiayang Li , Yiwen Wang , Jianyun Liu . 丝光沸石负载自支撑氮掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维电容器及高效选择性去除硬度离子. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(7): 100066-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100066
7. [7]
  Yongwei ZHANG , Chuang ZHU , Wenbin WU , Yongyong MA , Heng YANG . Efficient hydrogen evolution reaction activity induced by ZnSe@nitrogen doped porous carbon heterojunction. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(4): 650-660. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240386
8. [8]
  Chi Li , Jichao Wan , Qiyu Long , Hui Lv , Ying Xiong . N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Amidation of Aldehydes with Nitroso Compounds. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 388-395. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312016
9. [9]
  Linjie ZHU , Xufeng LIU . Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution of two di-iron complexes containing a phosphine ligand with a pendant amine. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(5): 939-947. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240416
10. [10]
  Haitang WANG , Yanni LING , Xiaqing MA , Yuxin CHEN , Rui ZHANG , Keyi WANG , Ying ZHANG , Wenmin WANG . Construction, crystal structures, and biological activities of two Ln^Ⅲ₃ complexes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(8): 1474-1482. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240188
11. [11]
  Ji Qi , Jianan Zhu , Yanxu Zhang , Jiahao Yang , Chunting Zhang . Visible Color Change of Copper (II) Complexes in Reversible SCSC Transformation: The Effect of Structure on Color. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 43-57. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307050
12. [12]
  Tianyun Chen , Ruilin Xiao , Xinsheng Gu , Yunyi Shao , Qiujun Lu . Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Mechanoluminescence Properties of Lanthanide-Based Organometallic Complexes. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 363-370. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312017
13. [13]
  Yuxin CHEN , Yanni LING , Yuqing YAO , Keyi WANG , Linna LI , Xin ZHANG , Qin WANG , Hongdao LI , Wenmin WANG . Construction, structures, and interaction with DNA of two Sm^Ⅲ₄ complexes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(6): 1141-1150. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240258
14. [14]
  Hong RAO , Yang HU , Yicong MA , Chunxin LÜ , Wei ZHONG , Lihua DU . Synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of phenanthroline-functionalized nitrogen heterocyclic carbene homo- and heterobimetallic silver/gold complexes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(12): 2429-2437. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240275
15. [15]
  Zhuo WANG , Junshan ZHANG , Shaoyan YANG , Lingyan ZHOU , Yedi LI , Yuanpei LAN . Preparation and photocatalytic performance of CeO₂-reduced graphene oxide by thermal decomposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1708-1718. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240067
16. [16]
  Yang Lv , Yingping Jia , Yanhua Li , Hexiang Zhong , Xinping Wang . Integrating the Ideological Elements with the “Chemical Reaction Heat” Teaching. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 44-51. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402059
17. [17]
  Jingjing QING , Fan HE , Zhihui LIU , Shuaipeng HOU , Ya LIU , Yifan JIANG , Mengting TAN , Lifang HE , Fuxing ZHANG , Xiaoming ZHU . Synthesis, structure, and anticancer activity of two complexes of dimethylglyoxime organotin. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1301-1308. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240003
18. [18]
  Changqing MIAO , Fengjiao CHEN , Wenyu LI , Shujie WEI , Yuqing YAO , Keyi WANG , Ni WANG , Xiaoyan XIN , Ming FANG . Crystal structures, DNA action, and antibacterial activities of three tetranuclear lanthanide-based complexes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(12): 2455-2465. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240192
19. [19]
  Jing WU , Puzhen HUI , Huilin ZHENG , Pingchuan YUAN , Chunfei WANG , Hui WANG , Xiaoxia GU . Synthesis, crystal structures, and antitumor activities of transition metal complexes incorporating a naphthol-aldehyde Schiff base ligand. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(12): 2422-2428. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240278
20. [20]
  Qiaowen CHANG , Ke ZHANG , Guangying HUANG , Nuonan LI , Weiping LIU , Fuquan BAI , Caixian YAN , Yangyang FENG , Chuan ZUO . Syntheses, structures, and photo-physical properties of iridium phosphorescent complexes with phenylpyridine derivatives bearing different substituting groups. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2025, 41(2): 235-244. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240311

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(0)
Abstract views(807)
HTML views(118)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Release characteristic of NOx precursors during the pyrolysis of nitrogen-rich biomass

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Release characteristic of NO_x precursors during the pyrolysis of nitrogen-rich biomass