Citation: ZHANG Jun-jiao, LIAO Hang-tao, LU Qiang, ZHANG Yang, DONG Chang-qing. Mechanistic study on low-temperature fast pyrolysis of fructose to produce furfural[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, ;2013, 41(11): 1303-1309. shu

Mechanistic study on low-temperature fast pyrolysis of fructose to produce furfural

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Corresponding author: LU Qiang,
Received Date: 26 February 2013
Available Online: 13 May 2013
Fund Project: 国家自然科学基金(51276062,51106052) (51276062,51106052)国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD30B01)。 (2012BAD30B01)

In the low-temperature fast pyrolysis of fructose to produce 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), furfural (FF) is formed as an important by-product. In this work, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were used to reveal the FF formation mechanism from low-temperature fast pyrolysis of fructose. It was found that both the yield and the relative content of FF increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature up to 350℃, but a further increase in the pyrolysis temperature led to a decrease of the FF. The largest peak area of FF reached as high as 11.6%. Four possible pathways are proposed for production of FF from fructose based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The pathway 2 was found to be the optimal route. In this way, the fructose first underwent a six-membered ring (MR) transition state. Then, the C5-C6 bond broke with a simultaneous dehydration of the H of OH at C6 and the OH at C4 to give a dihydrofuran intermediate species containing C4=C5 double bond together with formaldehyde and water. This dihydrofuran intermediate species transformed to an enol intermediate upon a further dehydration of the OH at C2 and the H at C1 through a 4-MR transition state. Finally, the enol intermediate was transformed into FF through a 6-MR transition state and another dehydration process of the OH at C3 and the enol H at C1.
- fructose,
- fast pyrolysis,
- furfural,
- Py-GC/MS,
- density functional theory
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142