Citation: Huimin Liu, Kezhi Li, Xin Zhang, Xuemin Yin, Qiangang Fu, Hejun Li. SiC Nanomaterials and Their Derived Carbons for High-Performance Supercapacitors[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2024, 40(2): 230402. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304026 shu

SiC Nanomaterials and Their Derived Carbons for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Corresponding author: Xuemin Yin, yinxuemin@nwpu.edu.cn Qiangang Fu, fuqiangang@nwpu.edu.cn
Received Date: 14 April 2023
Revised Date: 23 May 2023
Accepted Date: 24 May 2023
Available Online: 12 June 2023
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52125203the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52293371the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52202047the National Key R & D Program of China 2021YFA0715803the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province 2022JQ-324the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M702659the Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China 20220435the Practice and Innovation Funds for Graduate Students of Northwestern Polytechnical University PF2023004

As technology and society have continued to develop, the demand for energy storage solutions has increased significantly. Indeed, the development of low-cost, low-carbon, environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage systems is required to address the environmental and ecological problems faced by society. Due to their fast charging and discharging speeds, long cycle life and environmentally friendly characteristics, supercapacitors are widely used in many fields, especially in wind power generation systems, communication and transportation. Among all kinds of electrode materials, silicon carbide (SiC) nanomaterials and SiC-derived carbon (SiC-CDC) materials present long life, high power density, and uncomplicated working mechanisms, which hold significant promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors. So far, various strategies and approaches for controlling the microstructure of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials have been developed to achieve further improvement from preparation methods to electrochemical properties. As such, this review systematically introduces the common preparation methods of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC, including the template method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, high temperature halogen etching method and high temperature thermal decomposition process for preparing SiC-CDC. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods are discussed. Additionally, the review covers the progress in employing SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials as supercapacitor electrode materials in detail. However, despite this progress, the commercial application of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials as supercapacitor electrodes has been restricted by some problems, in particular their limited conductivity and poor wettability. More importantly, the low energy density of supercapacitors is still a major problem. Thus, current methods and developmental trends of the strategies to improve electrochemical performance such as "highly conductive carbon material composite", "heteroatomic doping", "pseudocapacitance composites", "multi-stage pore structure design", "chemical activation" are further analyzed with regards to the current challenges. For example, the introduction of heteroatoms and functional group molecules for reactions into SiC and SiC-CDC materials can inhibit the agglomeration of materials (such as particles and nanosheets), improve their conductivity and wettability, and enhance their specific capacitance. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the application of SiC nanomaterials and their derived carbons in the field of energy storage for supercapacitors are summarized and prospected. As current preparation methods are limited to the laboratory scale, the combination and improvement of different preparation methods and the development of large-scale and low-cost preparation technology are still the directions of the next efforts. This comprehensive review is expected to further advance the research of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials.
- Silicon carbide,
- Silicon carbide derived carbon,
- Double layer capacitance,
- Pseudocapacitance
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