Citation: Yan Xin, Yunnian Ge, Zezhong Li, Qiaobao Zhang, Huajun Tian. Research Progress on Modification Strategies of Organic Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Batteries[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2024, 40(2): 230306. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303060 shu

Research Progress on Modification Strategies of Organic Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Batteries

Yan Xin ^{1, 2,,} ,
Yunnian Ge ² ,
Zezhong Li ² ,
Qiaobao Zhang ^3,, ,
Huajun Tian ^{1, 2,,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and Systems, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2.
School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China

Corresponding author: Yan Xin, xinyan@ncepu.edu.cn Qiaobao Zhang, zhangqiaobao@xmu.edu.cn Huajun Tian, huajun.tian@ncepu.edu.cn
Received Date: 31 March 2023
Revised Date: 10 May 2023
Accepted Date: 17 May 2023
Available Online: 29 May 2023
Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52122211the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52072323the Interdisciplinary Innovation Program of North China Electric Power University XM2212315the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China 2018MS019

With the development of modern society, the demand for energy is increasing. Consequently, the efficient utilization of renewable energy has become the primary concern in the energy sector. Secondary batteries can accomplish energy storage through efficient electrical/chemical energy conversion, thereby providing an effective solution for the utilization of renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries have been the most widely used secondary battery systems, owing to their high energy densities and long lifetimes. Nevertheless, traditional inorganic cathode materials have recently encountered problems such as increasing manufacturing costs, lithium supply-chain constraints, and safety issues. Meanwhile, organic electrode materials (OEMs) have emerged as promising electrode candidates for secondary batteries owing to several advantages, such as their low costs, abundant resources, environmental friendliness, and structural designability. In recent decades, considerable efforts have been dedicated to OEM research. To date, commonly used OEMs include carbonyl polymers, conductive polymers, nitrile compounds, organic sulfides, organic free radical compounds, imine compounds, and Azo compounds. OEMs have been used in various metal ion battery systems, including lithium-, sodium-, aluminum-, zinc-, magnesium-, potassium-, and calcium-based batteries. However, the commercialization of OEMs still encounters several challenges, mainly owing to their low conductivity, high solubility, and low discharge potential. The low intrinsic conductivity of OEMs leads to difficulties in ion diffusion, while their high solubility in organic electrolytes inevitably reduces cyclic stability. Moreover, the low discharge potential of OEMs decreases energy density and rate performance. In view of the technical restrictions affecting OEMs, researchers have focused on modifications and optimizations of the structure, preparation strategies, and sizes of OEMs. In this paper, we review the development history and applications of OEMs and systemically summarize their classification, reaction mechanisms, and primary challenges. In addition, we thoroughly report on OEM modification strategies. By shaping their molecular structures, such as either by substituent introduction, conjugated structure formation, or small molecule polymerization, the solubility of OEMs can be reduced, and their discharge potential can be enhanced. The conductivity of OEMs can be improved significantly by combining them with conductive carbon materials. Nano-sized optimization and electrode–electrolyte coupling can also significantly improve their cycle stability and rate performance. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of OEMs can be improved by optimizing preparation processes and determining the best technological parameters. Finally, we envision future research paths of OEM modification, which could provide a future reference in OEM design and research.
- Organic electrode materials,
- Modification strategy,
- Molecular structure design,
- Solubility,
- Conductivity
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