Citation: Cheng Wang, Chi Zhang, Ruifeng Li, Qi Chen, Lei Qian, Liwei Chen. Charge Accumulation Behavior in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(8): 210403. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202104030 shu

Charge Accumulation Behavior in Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

Cheng Wang ^{1, 2} ,
Chi Zhang ¹ ,
Ruifeng Li ³ ,
Qi Chen ^{1, 4,,} ,
Lei Qian ³ ,
Liwei Chen ^{1, 5}

1.
i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
2.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
3.
Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang Province, China
4.
School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
5.
In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Qi Chen, qchen2011@sinano.ac.cn
Received Date: 14 April 2021
Revised Date: 6 May 2021
Accepted Date: 7 May 2021
Available Online: 10 May 2021
Fund Project: the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2016YFA0200700the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21625304the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21875280the National Natural Science Foundation of China 22022205the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21991150the National Natural Science Foundation of China 21991153

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) constitute the next-generation display technology because of their wide color gamut, narrow emission spectrum, adjustable emission wavelength, and ease of solution processability. With the development of novel material and device preparation techniques, the QLEDs not only show an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of more than 20% in red, green, and blue (primary color) devices, but also achieve 100% Rec.2020 (recommendation standard for ultrahigh-resolution display) color gamut coverage. However, the future commercialization of QLEDs is still a challenge. The T95 lifetime (defined as 95% time for the luminance to decay to the initial value L₀ = 1000 cd·m^-2) of red, green, and blue QLED devices is significantly lower than that of commercially available organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). This is ascribed to the lacking of understanding and argument to hypothesis of degradation mechanisms. A QLED is a sandwich structure composed of a quantum dot (QD) emitter layer, carrier transport layer, and electrode layer. The QLED works on the principle of electroluminescence: electrons and holes injected from the electrodes on both sides of the device cross multiple interfaces and reach the QD emitter layer to undergo radiation recombination. Generally, the QD emitter layer adopts the structure of a wide-band gap shell wrapped around a narrow band-gap core. Because of the deep valence band maximum, the hole injection barrier is higher, and the hole injection efficiency is reduced. This not only disturbs the injection balance but also leads to the accumulation of interfacial holes, which is one of the important factors affecting the efficiency and life of the device. Past studies have attempted to understand charge accumulation behavior in QLEDs by predicting the interfacial energy band structure, and there are very few reports on the direct measurement of charge accumulation. In this work, we built a charge extraction circuit to investigate the charge accumulation behavior before and after aging in a prototype red QLED. In the fresh red QLEDs, the number of accumulated charges gradually increased with the driving current density and tended to saturate above turn-on current density. In the aged red QLEDs, the accumulated charges increased with a decrease in luminance. Our method to investigate the charge accumulation behavior developed can be extended to various kinds of LEDs, such as OLEDs and perovskite LEDs, thus providing insight into their working mechanism.
- Quantum dot light-emitting diodes,
- Lifetime,
- Injection barrier,
- Charge accumulation,
- Injection balance
1. [1]
  Nakamura, S.; Mukai, T.; Senoh, M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1994, 64, 1687. doi: 10.1063/1.111832 doi: 10.1063/1.111832
2. [2]
  Uoyama, H.; Goushi, K.; Shizu, K.; Nomura, H.; Adachi, C. Nature 2012, 492, 234. doi: 10.1038/nature11687 doi: 10.1038/nature11687
3. [3]
  Chen, Z. L.; Gao, P.; Liu, Z. F. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2020, 36, 1907004. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201907004
4. [4]
  Tan, K. M.; Yan, M. N.; Wang, Y. N.; Xie, L. H.; Qian, Y.; Zhang, H. M.; Huang, W. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2017, 33, 1057. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201702161
5. [5]
  Peng, X. G.; Manna, L.; Yang, W. D.; Wickham, J.; Scher, E.; Kadavanich, A.; Alivisatos, A. P. Nature 2000, 404, 59. doi: 10.1038/35003535 doi: 10.1038/35003535
6. [6]
  Meng, L.; Zhang, M.; Deng, H.; Xu, B.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, L.; Liu, H. CCS Chem. 2020, 2, 2194. doi: 10.31635/ccschem.020.202000402 doi: 10.31635/ccschem.020.202000402
7. [7]
  Zou, G. R. X.; Chen, Z. M.; Li, Z. C.; Yip, H. L. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2021, 37 (4), 2009002. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009002
8. [8]
  Dai, X.; Deng, Y.; Peng, X.; Jin, Y. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1607022. doi: 10.1002/adma.201607022 doi: 10.1002/adma.201607022
9. [9]
  Shirasaki, Y.; Supran, G. J.; Bawendi, M. G.; Bulović, V. Nat. Photonics 2013, 7, 13. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.328 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.328
10. [10]
  Supran, G. J.; Shirasaki, Y.; Song, K. W.; Caruge, J. M.; Kazlas, P. T.; Coe-Sullivan, S.; Andrew, T. L.; Bawendi, M. G.; Bulović, V. MRS Bull. 2013, 38, 703. doi: 10.1557/mrs.2013.181 doi: 10.1557/mrs.2013.181
11. [11]
  Shen, H.; Gao, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Lin, Y.; Lin, Q.; Li, Z.; Chen, L.; Zeng, Z.; Li, X.; Jia, Y.; et al. Nat. Photonics 2019, 13, 192. doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0364-z doi: 10.1038/s41566-019-0364-z
12. [12]
  Kim, T.; Kim, K. H.; Kim, S.; Choi, S. M.; Jang, H.; Seo, H. K.; Lee, H.; Chung, D. Y.; Jang, E. Nature 2020, 586, 385. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2791-x doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2791-x
13. [13]
  Levermore, P.; Schenk, T.; Tseng, H. R.; Wang, H. J.; Heil, H.; Jatsch, A.; Buchholz, H.; Böhm, E. SID Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 2016, 47, 484. doi: 10.1002/sdtp.10714 doi: 10.1002/sdtp.10714
14. [14]
  Yamada, T.; Akino, N.; Tsubata, Y.; Fukushima, D.; Amamiya, S.; Sekihachi, J. I. SID Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 2017, 48, 845. doi: 10.1002/sdtp.11786 doi: 10.1002/sdtp.11786
15. [15]
  Chen, D.; Chen, D.; Dai, X.; Zhang, Z.; Lin, J.; Deng, Y.; Hao, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhu, H.; Gao, F.; Jin, Y. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, e2006178. doi: 10.1002/adma.202006178 doi: 10.1002/adma.202006178
16. [16]
  Li, X.; Lin, Q.; Song, J.; Shen, H.; Zhang, H.; Li, L. S.; Li, X.; Du, Z. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2019, 8, 1901145. doi: 10.1002/adom.201901145 doi: 10.1002/adom.201901145
17. [17]
  Mashford, B. S.; Stevenson, M.; Popovic, Z.; Hamilton, C.; Zhou, Z.; Breen, C.; Steckel, J.; Bulovic, V.; Bawendi, M.; Coe-Sullivan, S.; et al. Nat. Photonics 2013, 7, 407. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2013.70 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2013.70
18. [18]
  Cho, K. S.; Lee, E. K.; Joo, W. J.; Jang, E.; Kim, T. H.; Lee, S. J.; Kwon, S. J.; Han, J. Y.; Kim, B. K.; Choi, B. L.; et al. Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 341. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2009.92 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2009.92
19. [19]
  Chen, S.; Cao, W.; Liu, T.; Tsang, S. W.; Yang, Y.; Yan, X.; Qian, L. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 765. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08749-2 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08749-2
20. [20]
  Bozyigit, D.; Yarema, O.; Wood, V. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 3024. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201203191 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201203191
21. [21]
  Caruge, J. M.; Halpert, J. E.; Wood, V.; Bulović, V.; Bawendi, M. G. Nat. Photonics 2008, 2, 247. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2008.34 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2008.34
22. [22]
  Kwak, J.; Bae, W. K.; Lee, D.; Park, I.; Lim, J.; Park, M.; Cho, H.; Woo, H.; Yoon, D. Y.; Char, K.; et al. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 2362. doi: 10.1021/nl3003254 doi: 10.1021/nl3003254
23. [23]
  Dai, X.; Zhang, Z.; Jin, Y.; Niu, Y.; Cao, H.; Liang, X.; Chen, L.; Wang, J.; Peng, X. Nature 2014, 515, 96. doi: 10.1038/nature13829 doi: 10.1038/nature13829
24. [24]
  So, F.; Kondakov, D. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3762. doi: 10.1002/adma.200902624 doi: 10.1002/adma.200902624
25. [25]
  Chen, S.; Jiang, X.; So, F. Org. Electron. 2013, 14, 2518. doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2013.06.023 doi: 10.1016/j.orgel.2013.06.023
26. [26]
  Coburn, C.; Forrest, S. R. Phys. Rev. Appl. 2017, 7, 041002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.041002 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.7.041002
27. [27]
  Cao, W.; Xiang, C.; Yang, Y.; Chen, Q.; Chen, L.; Yan, X.; Qian, L. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2608. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04986-z doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04986-z
28. [28]
  Yang, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Cao, W.; Titov, A.; Hyvonen, J.; Manders, J. R.; Xue, J.; Holloway, P. H.; Qian, L. Nat. Photonics 2015, 9, 259. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.36 doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.36
29. [29]
  Li, Y. F.; Gao, J.; Yu, G.; Cao, Y.; Heeger, A. J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1998, 287, 83. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00162-6 doi: 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00162-6
30. [30]
  Shrotriya, V.; Yang, Y. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 97, 054504. doi: 10.1063/1.1857053 doi: 10.1063/1.1857053
31. [31]
  Anikeeva, P. O.; Madigan, C. F.; Halpert, J. E.; Bawendi, M. G.; Bulović, V. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 085434. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.085434 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.085434
32. [32]
  Yao, Z.; Bi, C.; Tian, J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125, 2299. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10181 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10181
1. [1]
  Limin Shao , Na Li . A Unified Equation Derived from the Charge Balance Equation for Constructing Acid-Base Titration Curve and Calculating Endpoint Error. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 365-373. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401086
2. [2]
  Ruoxi Sun , Yiqian Xu , Shaoru Rong , Chunmiao Han , Hui Xu . The Enchanting Collision of Light and Time Magic: Exploring the Footprints of Long Afterglow Lifetime. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(5): 90-97. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310001
3. [3]
  Yujia Luo , Yunpeng Qi , Huiping Xing , Yuhu Li . The Use of Viscosity Method for Predicting the Life Expectancy of Xuan Paper-based Heritage Objects. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 290-294. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401037
4. [4]
  Zhuo Han , Danfeng Zhang , Haixian Wang , Guorui Zheng , Ming Liu , Yanbing He . Research Progress and Prospect on Electrolyte Additives for Interface Reconstruction of Long-Life Ni-Rich Lithium Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(9): 2307034-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307034
5. [5]
  Lingbang Qiu , Jiangmin Jiang , Libo Wang , Lang Bai , Fei Zhou , Gaoyu Zhou , Quanchao Zhuang , Yanhua Cui . In Situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Monitoring of the High-Temperature Double-Discharge Mechanism of Nb₁₂WO₃₃ Cathode Material for Long-Life Thermal Batteries. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(5): 100040-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2024.100040
6. [6]
  Qing Xue , Shengyi Li , Yanan Zhao , Peng Sheng , Li Xu , Zhengxi Li , Bo Zhang , Hui Li , Bo Wang , Libin Yang , Yuliang Cao , Zhongxue Chen . Novel Alkaline Sodium-Ion Battery Capacitor Based on Active Carbon||Na_0.44MnO₂ towards Low Cost, High-Rate Capability and Long-Term Lifespan. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(2): 2303041-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202303041
7. [7]
  Xiaowu Zhang , Pai Liu , Qishen Huang , Shufeng Pang , Zhiming Gao , Yunhong Zhang . Acid-Base Dissociation Equilibrium in Multiphase System: Effect of Gas. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 387-394. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310021
8. [8]
  Lianghong Ye , Junqing Ni , Zhongyi Yan , Zhanming Zhang , Can Zhu , Mo Sun . Chemical Fuel-Driven Non-Equilibrium Color Change. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(3): 349-354. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202406109
9. [9]
  Weilai Yu , Chuanbiao Bie . Unveiling S-Scheme Charge Transfer Mechanism. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(4): 2307022-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307022
10. [10]
  Yong Shu , Xing Chen , Sai Duan , Rongzhen Liao . How to Determine the Equilibrium Bond Distance of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules: A Case Study of H₂. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(7): 386-393. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310102
11. [11]
  Ling Li , Guocheng Wang . 知识图谱与AI助教在无机化学混合式教学中的初步探索——以“沉淀溶解平衡”的教学为例. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(6): 1-8. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407063
12. [12]
  Ping Ye , Lingshuang Qin , Mengyao He , Fangfang Wu , Zengye Chen , Mingxing Liang , Libo Deng . Potential of Zero Charge-Mediated Electrochemical Capture of Cadmium Ions from Wastewater by Lotus Leaf-Derived Porous Carbons. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 2311032-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202311032
13. [13]
  Yuejiao An , Wenxuan Liu , Yanfeng Zhang , Jianjun Zhang , Zhansheng Lu . Revealing Photoinduced Charge Transfer Mechanism of SnO₂/BiOBr S-Scheme Heterostructure for CO₂ Photoreduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(12): 2407021-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202407021
14. [14]
  Ruming Yuan , Pingping Wu , Laiying Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Gang Fu . Patriotic Devotion, Upholding Integrity and Innovation, Wholeheartedly Nurturing the New: The Ideological and Political Design of the Experiment on Determining the Thermodynamic Functions of Chemical Reactions by Electromotive Force Method. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 125-132. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311057
15. [15]
  Jiajie Cai , Chang Cheng , Bowen Liu , Jianjun Zhang , Chuanjia Jiang , Bei Cheng . CdS/DBTSO-BDTO S-scheme photocatalyst for H₂ production and its charge transfer dynamics. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(8): 100084-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100084
16. [16]
  Yajuan Xing , Hui Xue , Jing Sun , Niankun Guo , Tianshan Song , Jiawen Sun , Yi-Ru Hao , Qin Wang . Cu₃P-Induced Charge-Oriented Transfer and Surface Reconstruction of Ni₂P to Achieve Efficient Oxygen Evolution Activity. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(3): 2304046-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304046
17. [17]
  Da Wang , Xiaobin Yin , Jianfang Wu , Yaqiao Luo , Siqi Shi . All-Solid-State Lithium Cathode/Electrolyte Interfacial Resistance: From Space-Charge Layer Model to Characterization and Simulation. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2024, 40(7): 2307029-0. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202307029
18. [18]
  Xuexia He , Zhibin Lei , Pei Chen , Qi Li , Weiyu Deng , Peng Hu . 以“溶度积规则”指导电荷转移共晶沉淀析出——材料类专业无机化学教学改革案例. University Chemistry, 2025, 40(8): 1-10. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410099
19. [19]
  Jia Huo , Jia Li , Yongjun Li , Yuzhi Wang . Ideological and Political Design of Physical Chemistry Teaching: Chemical Potential of Any Component in an Ideal-Dilute Solution. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 14-20. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202307075
20. [20]
  Peng Li , Yuanying Cui , Zhongliao Wang , Graham Dawson , Chunfeng Shao , Kai Dai . Efficient interfacial charge transfer of CeO₂/Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ S-scheme heterojunction for boosted photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(6): 100065-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100065

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(58)
Abstract views(1756)
HTML views(268)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142