Citation: Heng Chen, Jincan Zhang, Xiaoting Liu, Zhongfan Liu. Effect of Gas-Phase Reaction on the CVD Growth of Graphene[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, ;2022, 38(1): 210105. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202101053 shu

Effect of Gas-Phase Reaction on the CVD Growth of Graphene

Heng Chen ^{1, 3, †} ,
Jincan Zhang ^{1, 2, 3, †} ,
Xiaoting Liu ^{1, 2, 3} ,
Zhongfan Liu ^{1, 3,,}

1.
Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3.
Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China

Corresponding author: Zhongfan Liu, zfliu@pku.edu.cn

^†

Received Date: 27 January 2021
Revised Date: 21 February 2021
Accepted Date: 22 February 2021
Available Online: 1 March 2021
Fund Project: the National Key Basic Research Program of China 2016YFA0200103the National Key Basic Research Program of China 2018YFA0703502the National Natural Science Foundation of China 51520105003the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52072042Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences BNLMS-CXTD-202001the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project Z18110300480001the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project Z18110300480002

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is considered as the most promising method for the mass production of high-quality graphene films owing to its fine controllability, uniformity, and scalability. In the past decade, significant efforts have been devoted to exploring new strategies for growing graphene with improved quality. During the high-temperature CVD growth process of graphene, besides the surface reactions, gas-phase reactions play an important role in the growth of graphene, especially for the decomposition of hydrocarbons. However, the effect of gas-phase reactions on the CVD growth of graphene has not been analyzed previously. To fill this gap, it is essential to systematically analyze the relationship between gas-phase reactions and the growth of graphene films. In this review article, we aim to provide comprehensive knowledge of the gas-phase reactions occurring in the CVD system during graphene growth and to summarize the typical strategies for improving the quality of graphene by modulating gas-phase reactions. After briefly introducing the elementary steps and basic concept of graphene growth, we focus on the gas-phase dynamics and reactions in the CVD system, which influence the decomposition of hydrocarbons, nucleation of graphene, and lateral growth of graphene nuclei, as well as the merging of adjacent graphene domains. Then, a systematic description of the mass transport process in gas phase is provided, including confirmation of the states of gas flow under different CVD conditions and introduction to the boundary layer, which is crucial for graphene growth. Furthermore, we discuss the possible reaction paths of carbon sources in the gas phase and the corresponding active carbon species existing in the boundary layer, based on which the main impact factors of gas-phase reactions are discussed. Representative strategies for obtaining graphene films with improved quality by modulating gas-phase reactions are summarized. Gas-phase reactions affect the crystallinity, cleanness, domain size, layer number, and growth rate of graphene grown on both metal and non-metal substrates. Therefore, we will separately review the detailed strategies, corresponding mechanisms, key parameters, and latest status regarding the quality improvement of graphene. Finally, a brief summary and proposals for future research are provided. This review can be divided into two parts: (1) gas-phase reactions occurring in the high-temperature CVD system, including the mass transport process and the reaction paths of hydrocarbons; and (2) the synthesis of high-quality graphene film via modulation of the gas-phase reaction, in order to improve the crystallinity, cleanness, domain size, layer number, and growth rate of graphene.
- Graphene film,
- Chemical vapor deposition,
- Gas-phase reaction,
- High quality,
- Controlled synthesis
1. [1]
  Du, X.; Skachko, I.; Barker, A.; Andrei, E. Y. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 491. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2008.199 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2008.199
2. [2]
  Balandin, A. A.; Ghosh, S.; Bao, W. Z.; Calizo, I.; Teweldebrhan, D.; Miao, F.; Lau, C. N. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 902. doi: 10.1021/nl0731872 doi: 10.1021/nl0731872
3. [3]
  Nair, R. R.; Blake, P.; Grigorenko, A. N.; Novoselov, K. S.; Booth, T. J.; Stauber, T.; Peres, N. M. R.; Geim, A. K. Science 2008, 320, 1308. doi: 10.1126/science.1156965 doi: 10.1126/science.1156965
4. [4]
  Lee, C.; Wei, X. D.; Kysar, J. W.; Hone, J. Science 2008, 321, 385. doi: 10.1126/science.1157996 doi: 10.1126/science.1157996
5. [5]
  Stoller, M. D.; Park, S.; Zhu, Y.; An, J.; Ruoff, R. S. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 3498. doi: 10.1021/nl802558y doi: 10.1021/nl802558y
6. [6]
  Lozada-Hidalgo, M.; Zhang, S.; Hu, S.; Esfandiar, A.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Geim, A. K. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15215. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15215 doi: 10.1038/ncomms15215
7. [7]
  Kou, L.; Huang, T. Q.; Zheng, B. N.; Han, Y.; Zhao, X. L.; Gopalsamy, K.; Sun, H. Y.; Gao, C. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 3754. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4754 doi: 10.1038/ncomms4754
8. [8]
  Liu, C. -H.; Chang, Y. -C.; Norris, T. B.; Zhong, Z. H. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 273. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.31 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.31
9. [9]
  Tran Thanh, T.; Nine, M. J.; Krebsz, M.; Pasinszki, T.; Coghlan, C. J.; Tran, D. N. H.; Losic, D. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017, 27, 1702891. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201702891 doi: 10.1002/adfm.201702891
10. [10]
  Han, N.; Cuong, T. V.; Han, M.; Ryu, B. D.; Chandramohan, S.; Park, J. B.; Kang, J. H.; Park, Y. J.; Ko, K. B.; Kim, H. Y.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 1452. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2448 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2448
11. [11]
  Yan, Z.; Liu, G. X.; Khan, J. M.; Balandin, A. A. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3, 827. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1828 doi: 10.1038/ncomms1828
12. [12]
  Bonaccorso, F.; Colombo, L.; Yu, G. H.; Stoller, M.; Tozzini, V.; Ferrari, A. C.; Ruoff, R. S.; Pellegrini, V. Science 2015, 347, 1246501. doi: 10.1126/science.1246501 doi: 10.1126/science.1246501
13. [13]
  Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A. Science 2004, 306, 666. doi: 10.1126/science.1102896 doi: 10.1126/science.1102896
14. [14]
  Lu, X. K.; Yu, M. F.; Huang, H.; Ruoff, R. S. Nanotechnology 1999, 10, 269. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/10/3/308 doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/10/3/308
15. [15]
  Blake, P.; Brimicombe, P. D.; Nair, R. R.; Booth, T. J.; Jiang, D.; Schedin, F.; Ponomarenko, L. A.; Morozov, S. V.; Gleeson, H. F.; Hill, E. W.; et al. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1704. doi: 10.1021/nl080649i doi: 10.1021/nl080649i
16. [16]
  Berger, C.; Song, Z. M.; Li, X. B.; Wu, X. S.; Brown, N.; Naud, C.; Mayou, D.; Li, T. B.; Hass, J.; Marchenkov, A. N.; et al. Science 2006, 312, 1191. doi: 10.1126/science.1125925 doi: 10.1126/science.1125925
17. [17]
  Park, S.; Ruoff, R. S. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 217. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2009.58 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2009.58
18. [18]
  Li, X. S.; Cai, W. W.; An, J. H.; Kim, S.; Nah, J.; Yang, D. X.; Piner, R.; Velamakanni, A.; Jung, I.; Tutuc, E.; et al. Science 2009, 324, 1312. doi: 10.1126/science.1171245 doi: 10.1126/science.1171245
19. [19]
  Luong, D. X.; Bets, K. V.; Algozeeb, W. A.; Stanford, M. G.; Kittrell, C.; Chen, W. Y.; Salvatierra, R. V.; Ren, M. Q.; McHugh, E. A.; Advincula, P. A.; et al. Nature 2020, 577, 647. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-1938-0 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-1938-0
20. [20]
  Lin, L.; Deng, B.; Sun, J. Y.; Peng, H. L.; Liu, Z. F. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 9281. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00325 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00325
21. [21]
  Fiori, G.; Bonaccorso, F.; Iannaccone, G.; Palacios, T.; Neumaier, D.; Seabaugh, A.; Banerjee, S. K.; Colombo, L. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 768. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.207 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.207
22. [22]
  Hamilton, J. C.; Blakely, J. M. Surf. Sci. 1980, 91, 199. doi: 10.1016/0039-6028(80)90080-1 doi: 10.1016/0039-6028(80)90080-1
23. [23]
  Coraux, J.; N'Diaye, A. T.; Busse, C.; Michely, T. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 565. doi: 10.1021/nl0728874 doi: 10.1021/nl0728874
24. [24]
  Sutter, P. W.; Flege, J. -I.; Sutter, E. A. Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 406. doi: 10.1038/nmat2166 doi: 10.1038/nmat2166
25. [25]
  Kwon, S. -Y.; Ciobanu, C. V.; Petrova, V.; Shenoy, V. B.; Bareno, J.; Gambin, V.; Petrov, I.; Kodambaka, S. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 3985. doi: 10.1021/nl902140j doi: 10.1021/nl902140j
26. [26]
  Reina, A.; Jia, X. T.; Ho, J.; Nezich, D.; Son, H.; Bulovic, V.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Kong, J. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 30. doi: 10.1021/nl801827v doi: 10.1021/nl801827v
27. [27]
  Wei, D. C.; Liu, Y. Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, H. L.; Huang, L. P.; Yu, G. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 1752. doi: 10.1021/nl803279t doi: 10.1021/nl803279t
28. [28]
  Gao, T.; Xie, S. B.; Gao, Y. B.; Liu, M. X.; Chen, Y. B.; Zhang, Y. F.; Liu, Z. F. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 9194. doi: 10.1021/nn203440r doi: 10.1021/nn203440r
29. [29]
  Gao, L. B.; Ren, W. C.; Xu, H. L.; Jin, L.; Wang, Z. X.; Ma, T.; Ma, L. -P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Fu, Q.; Peng, L. -M.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3, 699. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1702 doi: 10.1038/ncomms1702
30. [30]
  Edwards, R. S.; Coleman, K. S. Acc. Chem. Res. 2013, 46, 23. doi: 10.1021/ar3001266 doi: 10.1021/ar3001266
31. [31]
  Teng, P. -Y.; Lu, C. -C.; Akiyama-Hasegawa, K.; Lin, Y. -C.; Yeh, C. -H.; Suenaga, K.; Chiu, P. -W. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1379. doi: 10.1021/nl204024k doi: 10.1021/nl204024k
32. [32]
  Lin, L.; Zhang, J. C.; Su, H. S.; Li, J. Y.; Sun, L. Z.; Wang, Z. H.; Xu, F.; Liu, C.; Lopatin, S.; Zhu, Y. H.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 1912. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09565-4 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09565-4
33. [33]
  Yan, K.; Peng, H. L.; Zhou, Y.; Li, H.; Liu, Z. F. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1106. doi: 10.1021/nl104000b doi: 10.1021/nl104000b
34. [34]
  Wu, T. R.; Zhang, X. F.; Yuan, Q. H.; Xue, J. C.; Lu, G. Y.; Liu, Z. H.; Wang, H. S.; Wang, H. M.; Ding, F.; Yu, Q. K.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 43. doi: 10.1038/nmat4477 doi: 10.1038/nmat4477
35. [35]
  Tang, S. J.; Wang, H. M.; Wang, H. S.; Sun, Q. J.; Zhang, X. Y.; Cong, C. X.; Xie, H.; Liu, X. Y.; Zhou, X. H.; Huang, F. Q.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 6499. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7499 doi: 10.1038/ncomms7499
36. [36]
  Bhaviripudi, S.; Jia, X. T.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Kong, J. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 4128. doi: 10.1021/nl102355e doi: 10.1021/nl102355e
37. [37]
  Qing, F. Z.; Jia, R. T.; Li, B. -W.; Liu, C. L.; Li, C. Z.; Peng, B.; Deng, L. J.; Zhang, W. L.; Li, Y. R.; Ruoff, R. S.; et al. 2D Mater. 2017, 4, 025089. doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/aa6da5 doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/aa6da5
38. [38]
  Li, X. S.; Cai, W. W.; Colombo, L.; Ruoff, R. S. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 4268. doi: 10.1021/nl902515k doi: 10.1021/nl902515k
39. [39]
  Ago, H.; Ito, Y.; Mizuta, N.; Yoshida, K.; Hu, B. S.; Orofeo, C. M.; Tsuji, M.; Ikeda, K. -I.; Mizuno, S. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 7407. doi: 10.1021/nn102519b doi: 10.1021/nn102519b
40. [40]
  Ismach, A.; Druzgalski, C.; Penwell, S.; Schwartzberg, A.; Zheng, M.; Javey, A.; Bokor, J.; Zhang, Y. G. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1542. doi: 10.1021/nl9037714 doi: 10.1021/nl9037714
41. [41]
  Seah, C. -M.; Chai, S. -P.; Mohamed, A. R. Carbon 2014, 70, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.073 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.073
42. [42]
  Chen, J. Y.; Wen, Y. G.; Guo, Y. L.; Wu, B.; Huang, L. P; Xue, Y. Z.; Geng, D. C.; Wang, D.; Yu, G.; Liu, Y. Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17548. doi: 10.1021/ja2063633 doi: 10.1021/ja2063633
43. [43]
  Li, P.; Li, Z. Y.; Yang, J. L. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 25949. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b09622 doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b09622
44. [44]
  Tan, H.; Wang, D. G.; Guo, Y. B. Coatings 2018, 8, 40. doi: 10.3390/coatings8010040 doi: 10.3390/coatings8010040
45. [45]
  Shu, H.; Tao, X. -M.; Ding, F. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 1627. doi: 10.1039/c4nr05590j doi: 10.1039/c4nr05590j
46. [46]
  Wang, X. L.; Yuan, Q. H.; Li, J.; Ding, F. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 11584. doi: 10.1039/c7nr02743e doi: 10.1039/c7nr02743e
47. [47]
  Deng, B.; Liu, Z. F.; Peng, H. L. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1800996. doi: 10.1002/adma.201800996 doi: 10.1002/adma.201800996
48. [48]
  Gao, J. F.; Yip, J.; Zhao, J. J.; Yakobson, B. I.; Ding, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5009. doi: 10.1021/ja110927p doi: 10.1021/ja110927p
49. [49]
  Lin, L.; Sun, L. Z.; Zhang, J. C.; Sun, J. Y.; Koh, A. L.; Peng, H. L.; Liu, Z. F. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 4671. doi: 10.1002/adma.201600403 doi: 10.1002/adma.201600403
50. [50]
  Zhang, X. Y.; Wang, L.; Xin, J.; Yakobson, B. I.; Ding, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 3040. doi: 10.1021/ja405499x doi: 10.1021/ja405499x
51. [51]
  Li, X. S.; Magnuson, C. W.; Venugopal, A.; An, J.; Suk, J. W.; Han, B. Y.; Borysiak, M.; Cai, W. W.; Velamakanni, A.; Zhu, Y. W.; et al. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 4328. doi: 10.1021/nl101629g doi: 10.1021/nl101629g
52. [52]
  Sun, L. Z.; Lin, L.; Zhang, J. C.; Wang, H.; Peng, H. L.; Liu, Z. F. Nano Res. 2016, 10, 355. doi: 10.1007/s12274-016-1297-1 doi: 10.1007/s12274-016-1297-1
53. [53]
  Artyukhov, V. I.; Liu, Y. Y.; Yakobson, B. I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2012, 109, 15136. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1207519109 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1207519109
54. [54]
  Chen, Z. L.; Qi, Y.; Chen, X. D.; Zhang, Y. F.; Liu, Z. F. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1803639. doi: 10.1002/adma.201803639 doi: 10.1002/adma.201803639
55. [55]
  Jia, K. C.; Zhang, J. C.; Lin, L.; Li, Z. Z.; Gao, J.; Sun, L. Z.; Xue, R. W.; Li, J. Y.; Kang, N.; Luo, Z. T.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 7670. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b02068 doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b02068
56. [56]
  Köhler, C.; Hajnal, Z.; Deák, P.; Frauenheim, T.; Suhai, S. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 085333. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.085333 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.085333
57. [57]
  Chen, X. D.; Chen, Z. L.; Sun, J. Y.; Zhang, Y. F.; Liu, Z. F. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2016, 32, 14. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511133
58. [58]
  Wang, H. Controllable Method of Graphene Growth on Copper Foil by Chemical Vapor Deposition. Ph. D. Dissertation, Peking University, Beijing, 2015.
59. [59]
  Wang, H. P.; Xue, X. D.; Jiang, Q. Q.; Wang, Y. L.; Geng, D. C.; Cai, L.; Wang, L. P.; Xu, Z. P.; Yu, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 11004. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b05705 doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b05705
60. [60]
  Chen, S. S.; Ji, H. X.; Chou, H.; Li, Q. Y.; Li, H. Y.; Suk, J. W.; Piner, R.; Liao, L.; Cai, W. W.; Ruoff, R. S. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2062. doi: 10.1002/adma.201204000 doi: 10.1002/adma.201204000
61. [61]
  Muñoz, R.; Gómez-Aleixandre, C. Chem. Vapor Depos. 2013, 19, 297. doi: 10.1002/cvde.201300051 doi: 10.1002/cvde.201300051
62. [62]
  Hu, C. X.; Li, H. J.; Zhang, S. Y.; Li, W. J. Mater. Sci. 2016, 51, 3897. doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9709-2 doi: 10.1007/s10853-015-9709-2
63. [63]
  Li, Z. C.; Zhang, W. H.; Fan, X. D.; Wu, P.; Zeng, C. G.; Li, Z. Y.; Zhai, X. F.; Yang, J. L.; Hou, J. G. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 10557. doi: 10.1021/jp210814j doi: 10.1021/jp210814j
64. [64]
  Lewis, A. M.; Derby, B.; Kinloch, I. A. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 3104. doi: 10.1021/nn305223y doi: 10.1021/nn305223y
65. [65]
  Li, G.; Huang, S. H.; Li, Z. Y. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 22832. doi: 10.1039/c5cp02301g doi: 10.1039/c5cp02301g
66. [66]
  Shivayogimath, A.; Mackenzie, D.; Luo, B. R.; Hansen, O.; Boggild, P.; Booth, T. J. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 6183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06276-y doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06276-y
67. [67]
  Öberg, H.; Nestsiarenka, Y.; Matsuda, A.; Gladh, J.; Hansson, T.; Pettersson, L. G. M.; Öström, H. J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 9550. doi: 10.1021/jp300514f doi: 10.1021/jp300514f
68. [68]
  Hao, Y. F.; Bharathi, M. S.; Wang, L.; Liu, Y. Y.; Chen, H.; Nie, S.; Wang, X. H.; Chou, H.; Tan, C.; Fallahazad, B.; et al. Science 2013, 342, 720. doi: 10.1126/science.1243879 doi: 10.1126/science.1243879
69. [69]
  Safron, N. S.; Arnold, M. S. J. Mater. Chem. C 2014, 2, 744. doi: 10.1039/c3tc31738b doi: 10.1039/c3tc31738b
70. [70]
  Xu, X. Z.; Zhang, Z. H.; Qiu, L.; Zhuang, J. N.; Zhang, L.; Wang, H.; Liao, C. N.; Song, H. D.; Qiao, R. X.; Gao, P.; et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2016, 11, 930. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.132 doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.132
71. [71]
  Liu, C.; Xu, X. Z.; Qiu, L.; Wu, M. H.; Qiao, R. X.; Wang, L.; Wang, J. H.; Niu, J. J.; Liang, J.; Zhou, X.; et al. Nat. Chem. 2019, 11, 730. doi: 10.1038/s41557-019-0290-1 doi: 10.1038/s41557-019-0290-1
72. [72]
  Li, Q. C.; Zhao, Z. F.; Yan, B. M.; Song, X. J.; Zhang, Z. P.; Li, J.; Wu, X. S.; Bian, Z. Q.; Zou, X. L.; Zhang, Y. F.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1701325. doi: 10.1002/adma.201701325 doi: 10.1002/adma.201701325
73. [73]
  Yazyev, O. V.; Louie, S. G. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 806. doi: 10.1038/nmat2830 doi: 10.1038/nmat2830
74. [74]
  Pop, E.; Varshney, V.; Roy, A. K. MRS Bull. 2012, 37, 1273. doi: 10.1557/mrs.2012.203 doi: 10.1557/mrs.2012.203
75. [75]
  Karoui, S.; Amara, H.; Bichara, C.; Ducastelle, F. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 6114. doi: 10.1021/nn101822s doi: 10.1021/nn101822s
76. [76]
  Zan, R.; Ramasse, Q. M.; Bangert, U.; Novoselov, K. S. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3936. doi: 10.1021/nl300985q doi: 10.1021/nl300985q
77. [77]
  Rümmeli, M. H.; Gorantla, S.; Bachmatiuk, A.; Phieler, J.; Geiẞler, N.; Ibrahim, I.; Pang, J.; Eckert, J. Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 4861. doi: 10.1021/cm401669k doi: 10.1021/cm401669k
78. [78]
  Sun, J. Y.; Chen, Y. B.; Priydarshi, M. K.; Chen, Z.; Bachmatiuk, A.; Zou, Z. Y.; Chen, Z. L.; Song, X. J.; Gao, Y. F.; Rummeli, M. H.; et al. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 5846. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01936 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01936
79. [79]
  Chen, Z. L.; Qi, Y.; Chen, X. D.; Zhang, Y. F.; Liu, Z. F. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1803639. doi: 10.1002/adma.201803639 doi: 10.1002/adma.201803639
80. [80]
  Zhang, J. C.; Sun, L. Z.; Jia, K. C.; Liu, X. T.; Cheng, T.; Peng, H. L.; Lin, L.; Liu, Z. F. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 10796. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06141 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06141
81. [81]
  Zhang, J. C.; Jia, K. C.; Lin, L.; Zhao, W.; Quang, H. T.; Sun, L. Z.; Li, T. R.; Li, Z. Z.; Liu, X. T.; Zheng, L. M.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2019, 58, 14446. doi: 10.1002/anie.201905672 doi: 10.1002/anie.201905672
82. [82]
  Sun, L. Z.; Lin, L.; Wang, Z. H.; Rui, D. R.; Yu, Z. W.; Zhang, J. C.; Li, Y. L. Z.; Liu, X. T.; Jia, K. C.; Wang, K. X.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1902978. doi: 10.1002/adma.201902978 doi: 10.1002/adma.201902978
83. [83]
  Jia, K. C.; Ci, H. N.; Zhang, J. C.; Sun, Z. T.; Ma, Z. T.; Zhu, Y. S.; Liu, S. N.; Liu, J. L.; Sun, L. Z.; Liu, X. T.; et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2020, 59, 17214. doi: 10.1002/anie.202005406 doi: 10.1002/anie.202005406
84. [84]
  Liu, X. T.; Zhang, J. C.; Chen, H.; Liu, Z. F. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2021, 37, 2012047. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202012047
85. [85]
  Xie, H. H.; Cui, K. J.; Cui, L. Z.; Liu, B. Z.; Yu, Y.; Tan, C. W.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, Y. F.; Liu, Z. F. Small 2020, 16, 1905485. doi: 10.1002/smll.201905485 doi: 10.1002/smll.201905485
86. [86]
  Chen, X. D.; Chen, Z. L.; Jiang, W. S.; Zhang, C.; Sun, J. Y.; Wang, H. H.; Xin, W.; Lin, L.; Priydarshi, M. K.; Yang, H.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1603428. doi: 10.1002/adma.201603428 doi: 10.1002/adma.201603428
87. [87]
  Castro Neto, A. H.; Guinea, F.; Peres, N. M. R.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2009, 81, 109. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109 doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109
88. [88]
  Ta, H. Q.; Perello, D. J.; Duong, D. L.; Han, G. H.; Gorantla, S.; Nguyen, V. L.; Bachmatiuk, A.; Rotkin, S. V.; Lee, Y. H.; Rummeli, M. H. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 6403. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02826 doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02826
89. [89]
  Deng, B.; Xin, Z. W.; Xue, R. W.; Zhang, S. S.; Xu, X. Z.; Gao, J.; Tang, J. L.; Qi, Y.; Wang, Y. N.; Zhao, Y.; et al. Sci. Bull. 2019, 64, 659. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.030 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.04.030
90. [90]
  Huet, B.; Zhang, X.; Redwing, J. M.; Snyder, D. W.; Raskin, J. -P. 2D Mater. 2019, 6, 045032. doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab33ae doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab33ae
91. [91]
  Jiang, B.; Zhao, Q. Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Liu, B. Z.; Shan, J. Y.; Zhao, L.; Rümmeli, M. H.; Gao, X.; Zhang, Y. F.; Yu, T. J.; et al. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 1564. doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-2771-3 doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-2771-3
92. [92]
  Huang, P. Y.; Ruiz-Vargas, C. S.; van der Zande, A. M.; Whitney, W. S.; Levendorf, M. P.; Kevek, J. W.; Garg, S.; Alden, J. S.; Hustedt, C. J.; Zhu, Y.; et al. Nature 2011, 469, 389. doi: 10.1038/nature09718 doi: 10.1038/nature09718
93. [93]
  Cui, T.; Mukherjee, S.; Sudeep, P. M.; Colas, G.; Najafi, F.; Tam, J.; Ajayan, P. M.; Singh, C. V.; Sun, Y.; Filleter, T. Nat. Mater. 2020, 19, 405. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0586-y doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0586-y
94. [94]
  Ma, T.; Liu, Z. B.; Wen, J. X.; Gao, Y.; Ren, X. B.; Chen, H. J.; Jin, C. H.; Ma, X. L.; Xu, N. S.; Cheng, H. M.; et al. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14486. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14486 doi: 10.1038/ncomms14486
95. [95]
  Lin, L.; Li, J. Y.; Ren, H. Y.; Koh, A. L.; Kang, N.; Peng, H. L.; Xu, H. Q.; Liu, Z. F. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 2922. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00041 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00041
96. [96]
  Vlassiouk, I. V.; Stehle, Y.; Pudasaini, P. R.; Unocic, R. R.; Rack, P. D.; Baddorf, A. P.; Ivanov, I. N.; Lavrik, N. V.; List, F.; Gupta, N.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2018, 17, 318. doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0019-3 doi: 10.1038/s41563-018-0019-3
97. [97]
  Wang, H.; Xu, X. Z.; Li, J. Y.; Lin, L.; Sun, L. Z.; Sun, X.; Zhao, S. L.; Tan, C. W.; Chen, C.; Dang, W. H.; et al. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 8968. doi: 10.1002/adma.201603579 doi: 10.1002/adma.201603579
98. [98]
  Sun, X.; Lin, L.; Sun, L. Z.; Zhang, J. C.; Rui, D. R.; Li, J. Y.; Wang, M. Z.; Tan, C. W.; Kang, N.; Wei, D. ; et al. Small 2018, 14, 1702916. doi: 10.1002/smll.201702916 doi: 10.1002/smll.201702916
99. [99]
  Xie, Y. D.; Cheng, T.; Liu, C.; Chen, K.; Cheng, Y.; Chen, Z. L.; Qiu, L.; Cui, G.; Yu, Y.; Cui, L. Z.; et al. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 10272. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03596 doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03596
100. [100]
  Xu, J. B.; Hu, J. X.; Li, Q.; Wang, R. B.; Li, W. W.; Guo, Y. F.; Zhu, Y. B.; Liu, F. K.; Ullah, Z.; Dong, G. C. ; et al. Small 2017, 13, 1700651. doi: 10.1002/smll.201700651 doi: 10.1002/smll.201700651
101. [101]
  Zhang, Y. N.; Huang, D. P.; Duan, Y. W.; Chen, H.; Tang, L. L.; Shi, M. Q.; Li, Z. C.; Shi, H. F. Nanotechnology 2020, 32, 105603. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcceb doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcceb
102. [102]
  Chen, Z. L.; Guan, B. L.; Chen, X. -D.; Zeng, Q.; Lin, L.; Wang, R. Y.; Priydarshi, M. K.; Sun, J. Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Wei, T. B.; et al. Nano Res. 2016, 9, 3048. doi: 10.1007/s12274-016-1187-6 doi: 10.1007/s12274-016-1187-6
103. [103]
  Liu, B. Z.; Sun, J. Y.; Liu, Z. F. ChemNanoMat 2020, 6, 483. doi: 10.1002/cnma.202000045 doi: 10.1002/cnma.202000045
1. [1]
  Mengfei He , Chao Chen , Yue Tang , Si Meng , Zunfa Wang , Liyu Wang , Jiabao Xing , Xinyu Zhang , Jiahui Huang , Jiangbo Lu , Hongmei Jing , Xiangyu Liu , Hua Xu . Epitaxial Growth of Nonlayered 2D MnTe Nanosheets with Thickness-Tunable Conduction for p-Type Field Effect Transistor and Superior Contact Electrode. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(2): 100016-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310029
2. [2]
  Jiao CHEN , Yi LI , Yi XIE , Dandan DIAO , Qiang XIAO . Vapor-phase transport of MFI nanosheets for the fabrication of ultrathin b-axis oriented zeolite membranes. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(3): 507-514. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230403
3. [3]
  Xiaowu Zhang , Pai Liu , Qishen Huang , Shufeng Pang , Zhiming Gao , Yunhong Zhang . Acid-Base Dissociation Equilibrium in Multiphase System: Effect of Gas. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 387-394. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202310021
4. [4]
  Zhihuan XU , Qing KANG , Yuzhen LONG , Qian YUAN , Cidong LIU , Xin LI , Genghuai TANG , Yuqing LIAO . Effect of graphene oxide concentration on the electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide/ZnS. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1329-1336. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20230447
5. [5]
  Zhuo WANG , Junshan ZHANG , Shaoyan YANG , Lingyan ZHOU , Yedi LI , Yuanpei LAN . Preparation and photocatalytic performance of CeO₂-reduced graphene oxide by thermal decomposition. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(9): 1708-1718. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240067
6. [6]
  Hao BAI , Weizhi JI , Jinyan CHEN , Hongji LI , Mingji LI . Preparation of Cu₂O/Cu-vertical graphene microelectrode and detection of uric acid/electroencephalogram. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(7): 1309-1319. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240001
7. [7]
  Zunxiang Zeng , Yuling Hu , Yufei Hu , Hua Xiao . Analysis of Plant Essential Oils by Supercritical CO₂Extraction with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: An Instrumental Analysis Comprehensive Experiment Teaching Reform. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 274-282. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309069
8. [8]
  Lijuan Liu , Xionglei Wang . Preparation of Hydrogels from Waste Thermosetting Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Controllable Catalytic Degradation: A Comprehensive Chemical Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 313-318. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403060
9. [9]
  Jingyu Cai , Xiaoyu Miao , Yulai Zhao , Longqiang Xiao . Exploratory Teaching Experiment Design of FeOOH-RGO Aerogel for Photocatalytic Benzene to Phenol. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(4): 169-177. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311028
10. [10]
  Yiying Yang , Dongju Zhang . Elucidating the Concepts of Thermodynamic Control and Kinetic Control in Chemical Reactions through Theoretical Chemistry Calculations: A Computational Chemistry Experiment on the Diels-Alder Reaction. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 327-335. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202309074
11. [11]
  Yunting Shang , Yue Dai , Jianxin Zhang , Nan Zhu , Yan Su . Something about RGO (Reduced Graphene Oxide). University Chemistry, 2024, 39(9): 273-278. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306050
12. [12]
  Tingbo Wang , Yao Luo , Bingyan Hu , Ruiyuan Liu , Jing Miao , Huizhe Lu . Quantitative Computational Study on the Claisen Rearrangement Reaction of Allyl Phenyl Ethers: An Introduction to a Computational Chemistry Experiment. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(11): 278-285. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403082
13. [13]
  Feng Zheng , Ruxun Yuan , Xiaogang Wang . “Research-Oriented” Comprehensive Experimental Design in Polymer Chemistry: the Case of Polyimide Aerogels. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(10): 210-218. doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404027
14. [14]
  Zhenlin Zhou , Siyuan Chen , Yi Liu , Chengguo Hu , Faqiong Zhao . A New Program of Voltammetry Experiment Teaching Based on Laser-Scribed Graphene Electrode. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(2): 358-370. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308049
15. [15]
  Tianqi Bai , Kun Huang , Fachen Liu , Ruochen Shi , Wencai Ren , Songfeng Pei , Peng Gao , Zhongfan Liu . 石墨烯厚膜热扩散系数与微观结构的关系. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(3): 2404024-. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202404024
16. [16]
  Jiahao Lu , Xin Ming , Yingjun Liu , Yuanyuan Hao , Peijuan Zhang , Songhan Shi , Yi Mao , Yue Yu , Shengying Cai , Zhen Xu , Chao Gao . 基于稳态电热法的石墨烯膜导热系数的精确可靠测量. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2025, 41(5): 100045-. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100045
17. [17]
  Fang Niu , Rong Li , Qiaolan Zhang . Analysis of Gas-Solid Adsorption Behavior in Resistive Gas Sensing Process. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(8): 142-148. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202311102
18. [18]
  Zeyu XU , Anlei DANG , Bihua DENG , Xiaoxin ZUO , Yu LU , Ping YANG , Wenzhu YIN . Evaluation of the efficacy of graphene oxide quantum dots as an ovalbumin delivery platform and adjuvant for immune enhancement. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2024, 40(6): 1065-1078. doi: 10.11862/CJIC.20240099
19. [19]
  Xuanzhu Huo , Yixi Liu , Qiyu Wu , Zhiqiang Dong , Chanzi Ruan , Yanping Ren . Integrated Experiment of “Electrolytic Preparation of Cu₂O and Gasometric Determination of Avogadro’s Constant: Implementation, Results, and Discussion: A Micro-Experiment Recommended for Freshmen in Higher Education at Various Levels Across the Nation. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(3): 302-307. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202308095
20. [20]
  Xinyuan Shi , Chenyangjiang , Changyu Zhai , Xuemei Lu , Jia Li , Zhu Mao . Preparation and Photoelectric Performance Characterization of Perovskite CsPbBr₃ Thin Films. University Chemistry, 2024, 39(6): 383-389. doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202312019

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Metrics

PDF Downloads(28)
Abstract views(1122)
HTML views(254)

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142